scholarly journals ALTERNATIF PENENTUAN BATAS CAIR DAN BATAS PLASTIS DENGAN TIGA VARIASI BERAT KONUS MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEE DAN FREEMAN (2009)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budijanto Widjaja ◽  
Priscillia Sundayo
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Operator Error ◽  
Standard Weight ◽  
Common Laboratory

For fine soils, the most common laboratory tests are Atterberg limits, i.e. plastic andliquid limits. This paper presents two standards for determining liquid limit: ASTM and BritishStandards. Both standards use Casagrande cup and fall cone penetrometer tests. In spite of thefact from its a dvantage and shortcoming, fall cone penetrometer tends the minimum operatormistakes comparing to Casagrande cup. Moreover, a lack for determining plastic limit using byrolling soil samples with three mm in diameter also is caused by operator error. To reduce thathuman error, Lee and Freeman recommend using fall cone penetrometer to obtain plastic andliquid limits by a combination of two distinct weight of cones. In this research, tests wereconducted using two combinations of two different weight of cones. There are 12 remoldedsamples taken from Java and Madura islands. A combination using cones with single anddouble standard weight gives a better result that a combination with single and triple standardweight. The contribution of this research at least gives an alternative way to determine plasticand liquid limits using fall cone penetrometer test. Abstrak: Untuk penyelidikan tanah geoteknik, umumnya pada tanah butir halus diujibatas-batas Atterberg yaitu berupa batas cair dan batas plastis. Makalah ini menyajikandua standar pengujian untuk batas cair yaitu standar ASTM dan British. Kedua standartersebut masing-masing menggunakan Casagrande cup dan fall cone penetrometer. Di balikkelebihan dan kekurangannya, fall cone penetrometer cenderung memberikan nilaikesalahan operator yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Casagrande cup. Selain itu,dengan standar untuk menentukan batas plastis juga memiliki kekurangakuratan karenaproses penggulungan tanah dengan diameter 3 mm tergantung kepada pengalaman operator.Dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi kesalahan manusia tersebut, Lee dan Freemanmengusulkan penggunaan fall cone penetrometer test untuk menentukan batas plastisselain batas cair dengan menggunakan kombinasi dari dua berat konus yang berbeda.Di dalam penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua macamkombinasi dua berat konus yang berbeda. Sampel tanah yang diuji adalah sampelremolded sebanyak 12 buah yang tersebar lokasi pengambilan sampelnya di Pulau Jawa danMadura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi konus standar dankonus dengan berat dua kali berat konus standar memberikan hasil yang lebih baikdibandingkan dengan kombinasi konus standar dan konus dengan tiga kali berat konusstandar. Kontribusi penelitian ini sekurang-kurangnya memberikan alternatif lainpenentuan batas plastis dan batas cair dengan menggunakan fall cone penetrometer test.Kata kunci: batas cair, batas plastis, metode Lee dan Freeman, fall cone penetrometer,variasi konus

Shear strength of remolded soils at consistency limits

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kayabali ◽  
Osman Oguz Tufenkci
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Undrained Shear

The undrained shear strength of remolded soils is of concern in certain geotechnical engineering applications. Several methods for determining this parameter exist, including the laboratory vane test. This study proposes a new method to estimate the undrained shear strength, particularly at the plastic and liquid limits. For 30 inorganic soil samples of different plasticity levels, we determined the Atterberg limits, then performed a series of reverse extrusion tests at different water contents. The plastic and liquid limits are derived from the linear relationship between the logarithm of the extrusion pressure and water content. The tests show that the average undrained shear strength determined from the extrusion pressures at the plastic limit is about 180 kPa, whereas the average undrained shear strength at the liquid limit is 2.3 kPa. We show that the undrained shear strength of remolded soils at any water content can be estimated from the Atterberg limits alone. Although the laboratory vane test provides a reasonable undrained shear strength value at the plastic limit, it overestimates the undrained shear strength at the liquid limit and thus, care must be taken when the laboratory vane test is used to determine undrained shear strengths at water contents near the liquid limit.

scholarly journals A study on the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and atterberg limits of selected lateritic soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
G.O Adunoye ◽  
A.A Ojo ◽  
A.F Alasia ◽  
M.O Olarewaju
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Potential

The importance of soil compaction for civil engineering construction and application cannot be over-emphasised. To perform soil compaction, numerous number of samples are required, with considerable time and laborious laboratory activities. This has necessitated the need to find models for the prediction of compaction characteristics, using easily determined soil properties. This work therefore undertook a study of the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and Atterberg limits of soils, with a view to modelling compaction characteristics, using Atterberg limits. To achieve this aim, soil samples were obtained from selected locations within Obafemi Awolowo University campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Preliminary, Atterberg limits and compaction tests were conducted on the soil samples, using standard procedure. Using Microsoft Excel and Xuru’s Regression tool, the laboratory test results were used to develop relationships between compaction characteristics (optimum moisture content and maximum dry density) and Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit). Results showed that the natural moisture content of soil samples ranged between 4.97 % and 19.72 %; liquid limit ranged between 27 % and 68 %; plastic limit ranged between 18.92 % and 63.01 %; and plasticity index ranged between 0.94 % and 14.63 %. The optimum moisture content ranged between 6.7 % and 27 %, while the maximum dry density ranged between 1560 kN/m3 and 2260 kN/m3. The results of regression analysis showed that the combination of liquid limit and plastic limit has a strong correlation with optimum moisture content (R2 = 0.870); while the combination (of liquid limit and plastic limit) showed a weak correlation with maximum dry density (R2 = 0.150). The study concluded that liquid limit and plastic limit could be used to estimate the optimum moisture content of the soils, by applying the developed relationship/equation.  

The correlation of index properties with some basic engineering properties of soils

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wroth ◽  
D. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Liquidity Index ◽  
Remoulded Soil ◽  
The North Sea

Experimental evidence is produced to show that it is reasonable to assign a unique strength to all soils when at their respective liquid limits, and to redefine the plastic limit as the water content at which the strength is 100 times that at the liquid limit. Combining these assumptions with ideas of critical state soil mechanics it is then possible to relate the compression index of the remoulded soil to its plasticity index, and to suggest a unique relation between remoulded strength and liquidity index, irrespective of actual values of liquid and plastic limits. Field data from the Gulf of Mexico and from the North Sea are presented in support of these relations. The predictions of strength are best for overconsolidated clays, having water contents near the plastic limit.Recently in the United Kingdom the cone penetrometer has become the recommended test for determination of the liquid limit, in preference to the Casagrande test. Having redefined the plastic limit it would be logical to use the cone penetrometer to determine this too, by using cones with different weights. Experimental data are shown to illustrate and support this proposal.

scholarly journals Effect of Determination Method on the Liquid Limit of Quaternary Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Abbas J. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Determination Method

The design process in geotechnical engineering has been vastly affected by Atterberg limits. There are wide variances in the results of liquid limit(LL)determined by different methods. It thought that the procedure used in the test is the primary source of these variances. The research reported in this paper was carried out to find the extent of the proper variance caused by the procedure used to determine the LL of quaternary soils. The effect of this variance on soil classification and activity (A) were included thoroughly. The LL was determined by six methods. They are the Casagrande hard-base and soft-base devices (multi-point and one-point method, and multi-point and one-point cone penetrometer methods. It was found that the index properties obtained from hard-base Casagrande device are differed significantly when compared with other methods. The variance noted was great enough to change LL and change the classification of soil from CL to CH and cause an error in computing A.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DA COMPACTAÇÃO PARA REDUÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE COLAPSO/ EXPANSÃO DE UM SOLO SILTO ARGILOSO DE MASSAPÊ DA CIDADE DE ICÓ – CE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleiber Da Silva Chagas ◽  
Alfran Sampaio Moura ◽  
Andressa De Araujo Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
The City

RESUMO: No presente trabalho apresenta-se um estudo do comportamento de um solo silte argiloso, de massapê da cidade de Icó-CE, que será utilizado como suporte das fundações das estruturas de um conjunto habitacional. O objetivo do trabalho é averiguar a eficiência da técnica da compactação na redução do potencial de colapso/expansão do solo estudado. Foi realizada uma caracterização do solo por meio de ensaios de laboratório (granulometria, limite de liquidez, limite de plasticidade, densidade real, compactação e CBR) e campo (SPT). Além disso, realizaram-se ensaios especiais do tipo edométrico simples e duplo. Foram coletadas ainda, em uma empresa local, um total de 20 furos de sondagens à percussão (SPT) e que foram realizadas no local do estudo. Pela análise dos resultados foi possível verificar que a compactação mostrou-se uma técnica eficiente para minorar ou mesmo eliminar o potencial de expansão/colapso do solo estudado. A realização deste trabalho contribui para a área do conhecimento pois comprova, a partir do estudo de um caso real, que a compactação de solos potencialmente colapsíveis ou expansivos, de fato, reduz seu potencial a níveis aceitáveis para uso como suporte de fundações superficiais de edifícios. ABSTRACT: FIn this paper we present a study of the behavior of a clayey silt soil, the city massapê Icó-CE, which will be used to support the foundations of the structures of a housing development. The objective is to ascertain the efficiency of the technique of compression in reducing the potential for collapse / expansion of the studied soil. A characterization of the ground by means of laboratory tests (grain size, liquid limit, plastic limit, real density, compaction and CBR) and field (SPT). In addition, there were special tests of simple and double edometer type. Were also collected, in one place, a total of 20 percussion boreholes (SPT) and were performed at the study site company. By analyzing the results we observed that compaction proved to be an efficient technique to reduce or even reduce the potential for expansion / collapse of the studied soil. This work contributes to the field of knowledge as proof, from the study of a real case that the compression of potentially collapsible or expansive soils, in fact, reduces its potential to acceptable levels for use as support shallow foundations of buildings.

Experimental Study on Road Properties of High Liquid Limit Soil in Yunfu Highway

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Lei
Keyword(s):  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Better Than

There are a large number of high liquid limit soil distributed in southern China. As one of the special soils commonly seen in highway construction, high liquid limit soil cannot be used in subgrade filling directly due to its special engineering properties. With the idea of saving engineering investment and protecting environment, high liquid limit soil must be improved to be qualified subgrade filling material. First, detailed laboratory tests are carried out to reveal the special properties of high liquid limit soil. Then, based on the characters of high liquid limit soil, the improving tests of liquid plastic limit, unconfined compressive strength, CBR and compaction are completed by adding different percentages of quicklime and white lime to the high liquid limit soil to study the change in the physical and mechanical properties and strength. The results show that, after being improved by lime, the high liquid limit soil can be used as subgrade filling of expressway as its liquid limit, plastic index being reduced, the strength increased and the value of CBR increased remarkably, and modified effectiveness of quicklime is better than that of white lime. Through comparison and analysis of the test results, it is found that high liquid limit soil with 5% quicklime can be used as subgrade filling material for highway since it is not only economical but also qualified to meet the requirement of improvement and strength.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL IN OTUN AREA, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Optimum Water

Lateritic soils at Otun Ekiti, Ekiti state, southwestern Nigeria were investigated with respect to their geotechnical properties and their suitability for subgrade and sub – base construction materials. Four disturbed lateritic soil samples (sample A, B, C and D) were selected for the various laboratory techniques. The grain size analyses, the specific gravity tests, the atterberg limit tests, compaction, California bearing ratio and shear box tests were carried out on the samples. The grain size analysis shows that sample A is gravelly silt-clayey sand. Sample B is silt – clayey gravel composition. Sample C is gravelly silt-clayey while Sample D is silt-clayey gravel. Atterberg consistency limit test indicate that sample A has 30.0%, liquid limit 19.5% plastic limit, 10.5% plasticity index, 9.1% shrinkage limit. Sample B has liquid limit of 27.0%, 16.2% plastic limit, 10.8% plasticity index and 7.4% shrinkage limit. Sample C has a liquid limit of 32.4%, plastic limit of 15.6%. It has a plastic index of 16.8%, Shrinkage limit of 9.7% while Sample D has a liquid limit of 36.2%, plastic limit of 17.7%. It has a plastic index of 18.5% and 11.1% as shrinkage limit. Thus, the soil is classified to be intermediate plasticity which can be used for sub – grade and sub – base materials. The soil samples are above the activity (A) line in the zone of intermediate plasticity (CL) which suggests that they are inorganic soils. Based on engineering use chart, the workability as construction engineering is good to fair particularly as erosion resistance in canal construction. However, the high shrinkage limit may also reduce erosion in this area because of cohesion of the plastic clay material. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values are within 2 – 3% (mean = 2.75%) and 2 - 4% (mean = 2.75%) in sample A and sample B respectively while California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of 2 - 4% (mean = 2.75%) and 2 – 3% (mean = 2.75%) in sample C and sample D respectively. This implies that the materials can be used as a sub-grade to base course material for support of flexible pavements. The compaction tests for the optimum water content for sample A is 15.0% and 13.0% for standard and modified proctor respectively. The standard and modified proctor for sample B is 15.0% and 14.0% respectively. The compaction tests for the optimum water content for sample C and D is 15.0% and 14.0% for standard and modified proctor respectively. The compaction tests for Sample A indicate a higher fine fraction and thus a higher optimum moisture content while sample B, C and D has higher coarse fraction with lower optimum moisture content. The cohesion falls within 70-90Kpa (mean = 79Kpa) and the angle of internal friction ranges from 260 - 320 with mean of 280 for standard and modified compaction energies respectively. The results obtained from geotechnical analysis suggest that the soil is good to fair as erosion resistance in canal construction because of its high bearing capacity and it can also be used as sub – grade and base course in road construction. Keywords: Lateritic soil, Construction, Erosional and Geotechnical.

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Lime-Cement-Treated Loess Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1408-1413
Author(s):  
Bin Zhi ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
En Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Loess Soils ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Curing Age

The cement-lime treated loess soils and cement-treated loess soils are widely used all over the world, but their strength features and physical mechanism are investigated few at the moment. The cement-lime treated loess soil samples and cement-treated loess soil samples were prepared according to their weight ratio and tested to study their physical indices and strength varying with age. The tested results demonstrate that: (i) The content of cement has great influence on the liquid limit and plastic limit of the samples. With the increase of adding content of lime, the average plasticity indices also increase gradually, and the values of plastic limits of the samples will also increase; (ii) The stregnth of the samples increases with the increase of curing age, which is affected by many factors including treated materials, compatcion work, water content, and age.

Effect of Oil Contamination on Atterberg Limits of Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Tong ◽  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Xi Lai Zheng ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limit ◽  
Key Factor

Atterberg limit tests were preformed on diesel oil contaminated soil and crude oil contaminated soil. The results show that Atterberg limits reduced with increasing of diesel oil content. When crude oil content changed from 0 to 8%, it has little effect on Atterberg limits. However, it rose from 8% to 16%, plastic limit slightly decreased, but liquid limit increased remarkably. A "pseudo-viscosity" caused by crude oil is the key factor for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Atterberg Limits Prediction Comparing SVM with ANFIS Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mohammad Murtaza Sherzoy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Anfis Model ◽  
Svm Model

Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference Systems (ANFIS) both analytical methods are used to predict the values of Atterberg limits, such as the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. The main objective of this study is to make a comparison between both forecasts (SVM & ANFIS) methods. All data of 54 soil samples are used and taken from the area of Peninsular Malaysian and tested for different parameters containing liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and grain size distribution and were. The input parameter used in for this case are the fraction of grain size distribution which are the percentage of silt, clay and sand. The actual and predicted values of Atterberg limit which obtained from the SVM and ANFIS models are compared by using the correlation coefficient R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE) value.  The outcome of the study show that the ANFIS model shows higher accuracy than SVM model for the liquid limit (R2 = 0.987), plastic limit (R2 = 0.949) and plastic index (R2 = 0966). RMSE value that obtained for both methods have shown that the ANFIS model has represent the best performance than SVM model to predict the Atterberg Limits as a whole.

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