scholarly journals FAKTOR PENDORONG DAN PENARIK PERDAGANGAN ORANG (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) DI SUMATERA BARAT

Humanus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ike Sylvia
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Push And Pull

This study is intended to reveal: (1) the description of the real conditions and the information and facts about human trafficking in West Sumatra, (2) the “push and pull factors” of human trafficking. This study uses a mixed method using secondary and primary data. Primary data is collected through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions in accordance with the purpose of research. Secondary data is collected by observing the documents available at the village, district, regency, provincial, and national levels as well as other relevant agencies and literature review. The results show that the push factors of human trafficking in West Sumatra are; (1) the unavailability of the desired jobs in the country (2) early marriage, with a high risk of divorce, domestic violence, poverty, etc, (3) requirements that must be met before applying, (4) Poverty (5) low formal education, so easily provoked by news, (6) Administration of birth registration is not good, (7) Lack of social control. Meanwhile the pull factors of human trafficking are (1) the temptation to make a living outside the hometown, (2) Information that life is better and successful outside hometown, (3) better salary outside hometown, (4) simple procedures conducted by labor brokers who trap women in human trafficking. The community leaders, religious leaders, as well as ‘bundo kanduang’, ‘ninik mamak’ are expected to play the role as agents of inheriting unwritten values, norms and traditions to the nephews and children within the family, so they will be guided in their lives and not trapped by the human trafficking brokers seduction. Keywords: human trafficking, push and pull factors

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUSH DAN PULL FACTOR TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN BACKPACKER KE BUKITTINGGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Heru Aulia Azman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of The</em><em> Push and Pull Factors on Backpacker tourist’s decision to visit Bukittinggi. The object of this research is Backpacker tourists who visit Bukittinggi consist with samples of 100 peoples. The data used in this study including primary and secondary data. Primary data comes from the opinions of each respondent through the questionnaire to find out the response of the research sample regarding the influence of Push and Pull factors on the Backpacker tourists decision. While secondary data comes from previous journals, books, internet media, and annual reports, the primary data obtained then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that push and pull factors have a significant effect on Backpacker tourists visits to Bukittinggi.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh <em>Push factor</em> dan <em>pull factor</em> terhadap keputusan berkunjung turis <em>Backpacker</em> ke Bukittinggi. Yang menjadi objek penelitian ini adalah wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em> yang melakukan kunjungan ke Bukittinggi. Adapun jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 100 orang. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder.  Data primer bersumber dari pendapat masing-masing sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan angket atau penyebaran kuesioner, untuk mengetahui respon sampel penelitian mengenai pengaruh <em>Push factor</em> dan <em>Pull factor</em> terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em>. Sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari jurnal-jurnal sebelumnya, buku, media internet, <em>annual report</em> . Data primer yang didapat kemudian dianalisa dengan cara melakukan pengujian dengan teknik analisa regresi linear berganda . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>push</em> dan <em>pull factor</em> berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kunjungan wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em> ke Bukittinggi.</p>

Combating the “New Slavery” in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Legal and Policy Responses to Human Trafficking

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nlerum S Okogbule
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Today

AbstractThis article examines the legal and policy responses of the Nigerian government and other agencies to human trafficking, which is one of the central social and economic challenges facing the country today. After exploring the nature and dimensions of the practice, it argues that Nigeria's unenviable position as a country of origin, transit and destination in human trafficking, as well as the impact of the practice on the lives of the victims and adverse implications for the country's corporate image, make it imperative that effective measures are adopted to combat it. In this respect, while accepting that legal measures are important in achieving the objective, the article highlights some deficiencies in current efforts and suggests a multidimensional approach, with greater emphasis on the “push” and “pull” factors of human trafficking prevalent in the country, such as high levels of unemployment, poverty, inequality and marginalization.

scholarly journals Human trafficing in armed conflicts

Vojno delo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Anđelija Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Armed conflicts disrupt political, legal and social peace and create an environment conducive to human trafficking, as another dimension of violence and brutality. The direct connection between these two phenomena arises from the hostility of the parties in the conflict and encompasses the areas affected by the conflict, and the indirect connection is manifested in the area outside the conflict, in refugee camps or on migration routes. The most significant influencing factors on human trafficking, in addition to those operating in peace (push and pull factors), are the weakening of state institutions and the collapse of the rule of law, population displacement, poverty, population fragmentation and family collapse. The increased scope of migration (internal and cross-border) has a significant impact on human trafficking. Unsafe living conditions and various forms of violence complicate push and pull factors, which initiate mass migrations.People on migrant routes are very vulnerable and exposed to organized criminal groups and terrorist groups, with the risk of becoming victims of human trafficking or other forms of violence. The characteristic types of exploitation in armed conflict are sexual exploitation, sexual slavery, forced labor, organ removal, and recruitment to engage in conflict, often involving children. The main actors in human trafficking are armed and criminal groups. By trafficking, armed groups carry out a profit for their own financing, strengthen military capabilities and create fear among the population to control the territory. Sexual and other violence is also used as part of broader strategies to expel undesirable groups and exploit disputed land and other resources. Trafficking in children is mainly a consequence of the economic difficulties experienced by their families. Children are usually exploited in areas of work that do not require special expertise, such as agricultural work, street sales, etc., but are also used in armed conflicts as suicide bombers or human shields. The use of children as armed fighters is widely documented in sub-Saharan and central Africa, the Middle East, and other regions of Asia. In addition to various types of violence and general suffering of the population, human trafficking in armed conflicts has a particularly negative impact on human rights violations, when the exploitation of victims can be transformed into more serious crimes. Suitable conditions for human trafficking persist after the conclusion of a formal truce or peace. The lack of the legal system's and institution's functioning results in impunity for perpetrators of criminal acts and the growth of organized crime, and thus human trafficking. The persistently high degree of disintegration, which has affected human trafficking in armed conflicts, as well as the new difficult economic circumstances, further increase the risk of human trafficking. Particularly tempting targets for traffickers are displaced persons and refugees returning from camps or war camps. Human trafficking in the post-conflict period, although mostly indirectly, is also affected by the presence of various peace and other missions, especially on trafficking for sexual and labor exploitation.

scholarly journals Comparing Push and Pull Factors Affecting Migration

Economies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mariusz Urbański
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Push And Pull

The purpose of this research was to conduct a comparison of the push and pull factors affecting migration between Poland and Romania. The study aimed to find out which among the push and pull factors have a greater effect overall and individually on the migration activities. The study was conducted using primary data collected from migrants in both countries using a structured questionnaire. There were data from 298 and 288 surveys for Poland and Romania, respectively. The push and pull migration framework was applied to guide the study. The model suitability was confirmed satisfactory on validity, reliability and factor analysis. The hypothesis was analyzed and evaluated using multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated that pull factors have a greater influence on migration in these two countries as compared to the push factors. Five out of six (economic, political and social in Poland and economic and political in Romania) pull factors were found significant as compared to two (social in Poland and in Romania) out of six push factors. Pull economic factors were significant determinants of migration in all the countries. Pull political factors were found to have the highest effect in both countries, because they influenced migrants in Romania. Economic factors are the major factors that influence migration, including the hope of finding better jobs and better life in the foreign countries, and these factors should be addressed in the effort to reduce migration. In addition, political issues such as unfair legal system, violent conflicts, underdevelopment, poverty, political instability and corruption should be addressed to control the issue of migration.

The push and pull of radicalization and extremist disengagement: The application of criminological theory to Indonesian and Australian cases of radicalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 263380762110348
Author(s):  
Adrian Cherney ◽  
Idhamsyah E Putra ◽  
Vici Sofianna Putera ◽  
Fajar Erikha ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Magrie
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Push And Pull

Research shows there is variability in factors that cause a person to radicalize to violent extremism. The use of the push/pull distinction has been one way in which scholars have aimed to provide clarity to the process of radicalization and extremist disengagement. However, it remains a conceptually underdeveloped distinction. In this paper, we draw on aspects of criminological theory to better understand the push and pull distinction. The paper draws on research comprising interviews with three Indonesians and two Australian individuals who have radicalized to violent extremism that is aligned with jihadist ideologies. Based on this primary data, case descriptions and narratives are provided on each individual examining pathways into and away from violent extremism. We draw on aspects of strain theory, social control, differential association, and desistance theory to understand common patterns across each case and to highlight the relative influence of various push and pull factors. Implications for theory and policy are highlighted. We also acknowledge limitations in our approach.

scholarly journals Modeling for Determinants of Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Migration Law ◽  
Bound Analysis

This study aims to identify robust push and pull factors of human trafficking. I test for the robustness of 70 push and 63 pull factors suggested in the literature. In doing so, I employ an extreme bound analysis, running more than two million regressions with all possible combinations of variables for up to 153 countries during the period of 1995–2010. My results show that crime prevalence robustly explains human trafficking both in destination and origin countries. Income level also has a robust impact, suggesting that the cause of human trafficking shares that of economic migration. Law enforcement matters more in origin countries than destination countries. Interestingly, a very low level of gender equality may have constraining effects on human trafficking outflow, possibly because gender discrimination limits female mobility that is necessary for the occurrence of human trafficking.

Internal migration in Italy. Long-run analysis of push and pull factors across regions and macro-areas of the country.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Piras Romano
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Push And Pull

The great majority of empirical studies on internal migration across Italian regions either ignores the long-run perspective of the phenomenon or do not consider push and pull factors separately. In addition, Centre-North to South flows, intra-South and intra-Centre-North migration have not been studied. We aim to fill this gap and tackle interregional migration flows from different geographical perspectives. We apply four panel data estimators with different statistical assumptions and show that long-run migration flows from the Mezzogiorno towards Centre-Northern regions are well explained by a gravity model in which per capita GDP, unemployment and population play a major role. On the contrary, migration flows from Centre-North to South has probably much to do with other social and demographic factors. Finally, intra Centre-North and intra South migration flows roughly obey to the gravity model, though not all explicative variables are relevant.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

DINAMIKA KELOMPOK TANI ANUGERAH MOLLO DI DESA NETPALA KECAMATAN MOLLO UTARA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Tanggu Dedo Yeremias ◽  
Ernantje Hendrik ◽  
Ignatius Sinu
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
South Central ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ABSTRACT This research has been carried out in the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group, in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, starting in March - April 2019. This study aims to determine: (1) The dynamic level of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, (2) Relationship between Socio-economic factors of farmer group members and the level of dynamics of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency. Determination of the location of the study carried out intentionally (purposive sampling) The type of data collected is primary data obtained from direct interviews with respondents guided by the questionnaire, while secondary data is obtained from the relevant agencies. To find out the first purpose of the data analyzed using a Likert scale, to find out the second purpose of the data analyzed using the Sperman Rank statistical Nonparametric test. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The level of dynamism of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, is in the very dynamic category of 84%, (2) The relationship of socio-economic factors is only one of the five variables that are significantly related namely land area with a coefficient of rs 0.278 and t = 1.782 count greater than t table 1.699 (p> 0.05), while other social factors such as age, formal education, number of family dependents, and experience of farming show no significant relationship with the level of dynamism of Anugerah Mollo Farmers Group in Netpala Village.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the migration intention of dental and medical graduates in developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hajian ◽  
M H Khoshnevisan ◽  
S h Yazdani ◽  
M P Jadidfard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
English Language ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Push And Pull

Abstract Background Migration of skilled health workers could result in shortage of human resources and rising inequalities in service provision in source countries. To date, most of relevant papers are focused on rate and reasons of migration while the need for conducting studies on modelling of factors is more vividly felt. The aim of this review was to determine the factors influencing the migration decisions of medical and dental graduates migrating from developing countries and to introduce a practical conceptual framework for health worker migration. Methods Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant Journals were systematically searched for English language publications from January 2009 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were: 1) article stated factors affecting migration decisions of medical doctors and/or dentists, 2) the source country in the study was a developing country, 3) participants’ primary qualification country was in a developing country,4) the study used primary data both qualitative or quantitative. Results The search identified 814 articles from which we included 23 full-text studies after applying eligibility checklist. Push and pull theory was the most popular model to describe the migration driving factors. Poor socio-economic situation, political instability, lack of professional and educational opportunities together with family concerns found as strong common push factors that perpetuate migration. The most influencing pull factors were desire for better quality of life, career and training opportunities and financial gain. Conclusions Despite the fact that health workers migrate for different reasons, they follow a same route for decision to stay or leave their own countries. Un-fulfillment of expectations in mother land in addition to media reconstructed reality of life in foreign land can develop a positive attitude for migration Which should be considered before weighing up the push and pull factors of both sides. Key messages A better understanding of the migration motives of health professionals will help health authorities to improve their workforce recruitment and retention strategies and health service planning. Our simple yet comprehensive framework can mainly identify the development of migration desire through combining different models and concepts of migration, behavioral change, values, needs and so on.

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