scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Activity Test of Soil Origin Bacteria Amilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Monica Kharisma Swandi
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Determinative Bacteriology ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Biological Education

This study aimed to obtain amylase-producing potent bacteria from soil and test the amylase activity produced. Soil samples were taken from the Biological Education and Research Forest, Andalas University. The isolation was done by using the stratified dilution technique on agar media. The screening of amylase activity employed the qualitative and quantitative tests on agar starch. From 8 isolated amylolytic bacteria, there were three isolates with amylolytic potential. The results of characterization and identification based on Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology show that isolates A4, A1, and A6 belonged to the genus Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Klebsiella. The bacteria obtained can then be produced and optimized for the needs of industrial enzymes.

scholarly journals Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria in Water of Hotel Restaurants in Dhaka City

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Nasrin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus ◽  
Microbiological Status

Present study was conducted to determine the microbiological status of water from dispensers in different roadside hotel and restaurants of Dhaka city. Samples were collected from seven hotel and restaurants. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 1.5 × 10 and 8.8 × 103 cfu/ml. Enteric and related bacterial abundance in MacConkey, SS and Cetrimide agar media ranged from 0 to 4.9 × 106, 0 to 2.1 × 105 and 0 to 1.2 × 106cfu/ml, respectively. In total, 28 bacterial isolates were obtained during the study period. Among them, 15 were heterotrophic isolates and 13 were enteric and related bacteria. Among 15 aerobic heterotrophic isolates, 11 were gram positive and five were gram negative. Out of 11 gram positive isolates, 7 belonged to the genus Bacillus viz. B. circulans, B. subtilis, B. stearothermophilus, B. brevis and B. cereus and one to coccus viz. Micrococcus roseus. The other gram positive species were Kurtia gibsonii, Auriobacterium liguefaciens and Curtobacterium luteum. Four gram negative isolates were Neisseria elongate sub. spp. glycolytica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar 1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All 13 enteric and related isolates were gram negative, short rod; and non-spore formers and belonged to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Shigella and Pseudomonas. Among all isolates, two were resistant and six were susceptible to all five antibiotics. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 173-180, December 2017

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Miller ◽  
Ansa Palojärvi ◽  
Andrea Rangger ◽  
Morten Reeslev ◽  
Annelise Kjøller
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorogenic Substrates ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Enzyme Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine if 4-methylumbelliferyl-labelled enzyme substrates could be used to detect and quantify specific components of chitinase and cellulase activities as specific indicators of the presence and activity of fungal biomass. The fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and MUF β-d-lactoside were used for the detection and quantification of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30 ) (NAGase) and endo 1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 )/cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.91 ) (CELase), respectively. Culture screenings on solid media showed a widespread ability to produce NAGase among a taxonomically diverse selection of fungi on media with and without added chitin. NAGase activity was expressed only in a limited number of bacteria and on media supplemented with chitin. The CELase activity was observed only in a limited number of fungi and bacteria. Bacterial CELase activity was expressed on agar media containing a cellulose-derived substrate. In soil samples, NAGase activity was significantly correlated with estimates of fungal biomass, based on the content of two fungus-specific indicator molecules, 18:2ω6 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and ergosterol. CELase activity was significantly correlated with the PLFA-based estimate of fungal biomass in the soil, but no correlation was found with ergosterol-based estimates of fungal biomass.

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) can Influence the Microbial Cenosis in Sunflower Rhizosphere

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (71) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
V. A. Lyakh ◽  
N. I. Kostyuchenko ◽  
I. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The bacterial and micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected with broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) have been compared. The investigations were carried out in the conditions of a stationary infectious field which was annually enriched with infected plant residues and broomrape seeds collected in different regions of Ukraine. Soil is leached, low-humic chernozem with acidic pH. The soil samples selected at the end of vegetation from the rhizosphere of healthy and infected with broomrape plants of sunflower breeding samples. The total number of bacteria found in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite did not differ significantly from the control and was 11.7 and 12.1 million CFU / g of soil, respectively. The numbers of ammonifiers as well as bacterial microflora, using for its life mineral nitrogen, and pedotrophs and oligotrophs in the compared soil samples did not differ significantly, and generally corresponded to this type of soil. Although in general, both tested samples of soil were characterized by a low content of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the number of representatives of this genus in the rhizosphere of parasite-infected plants was somewhat less than in control (35 % and 21 %, respectively). However, unlike most bacteria, the number of micromycetes detected on Czapek-Dox and starch-ammonia agar media, in the rhizosphere of plants infected by broomrape almost twice exceeded the number of these microorganisms in the rhizosphere of healthy plants. Analysis of the generic and species composition of microscopic fungi showed that in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite a very specific mycocenosis was formed that differ from a mycocenosis of healthy plants. This mycocenosis was characterized by a much smaller number of genera and species of micromycetes. At the same time for the structure of the fungal cenosis of diseased plants there was a characteristic increase in the proportion of toxin-forming fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with active conidiogenesis. The obtained data testify not only to the differences in the microbial complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected by broomrape, but also indicate the direction of action of this parasite.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enzymes Production Activity of Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus Species in Paraeforce (Herbicide) Degradation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. I. Onianwah ◽  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
V. C. Eze ◽  
V. O. Ifeanyi ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

The study aims to evaluate enzymes that facilitate fungal degradation of paraeforce. Soil samples for fungal isolation were collected from impacted sites and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolates were screened for growth and tolerance to paraefoce in 50 mg/l concentration of the test herbicides. Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species were found to grow in paraeforce supplemented PDA. Qualitative and quantitative assay for different enzyme production in hydrogen peroxide, methyl red, guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide-pyrogallol complex proved potential for catalase, lignin peroxidase, laccase and manganese peroxidase production, respectively. The results showed that these three fungi have great potential for catalase, peroxidase and laccase production after six days aerobic incubation in paraeforce and these enzymes facilitated the utilization of the paraeforce.  

scholarly journals ISOLATION, SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF Α-AMYLASE ACTIVITY FROM MARINE STREPTOMYCES SPECIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathya Rengasamy ◽  
Ushadevi Thangaprakasam
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Orbital Shaker ◽  
Starch Agar

Objective: This study was aimed to isolate potent amylase producing Streptomyces from the marine source.Methods: Soil samples were collected from less explored mangrove regions of Muthupet, Tamilnadu. Isolation of Streptomyces was performed by serial dilution plate technique using starch casein agar (SCA) (pH 7.2 and temp 28 °C). Morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied using Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Preliminary screening and quantification of amylase activities were analysed in selected Streptomyces isolates by starch agar plate and dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method respectively.Results: Totally 65 isolates were separated from the marine soil. Among them, 23 strains showed different morphological features. These strains were subjected to amylase activity. Eight Streptomyces isolates (S1-S8) exhibited positive for amylase activity. The zone of clearance was exhibited in the range of diameters between 4-20 mm. Fermentation was prompted with inorganic salt starch agar, international Streptomyces project (ISP-4) media at 28 °C and incubated in an orbital shaker at 250 rpm for 96 h (pH 7.5). The quantitative estimation of amylase activity was exhibited selected eight isolates in the range between 2.4±0.002-5.9±0.005 (U/ml). The Streptomyces species S4, S5 and S6 exhibited strong amylase activity in both qualitative and quantitative level.Conclusion: This work motivating the amylase producing Streptomyces are originated in mangroves and it proved Streptomyces sp. S6 has a more efficient source of amylase production.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Seagrass Epiphytic Symbiont Bacteria Thalassia hemprichii from Bahowo Waters, North Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ismariani Maarisit ◽  
Esther D. Angkouw ◽  
Remy E. P. Mangindaan ◽  
Natalie D. C. Rumampuk ◽  
Henky Manoppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Agar Media

Seagrass is a higher plant and has the ability to produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial. Seagrass is also a host to a variety of bacteria. Bacteria that live in the host will produce the same compounds as the host's body. The utilization of symbiotic bacteria with seagrasses as producers of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial can be used as a solution to reduce excessive seagrass uptake in nature. On the other hand, bacteria have the advantage of being fast and easy to grow and can be mass-produced and more economical. This study aims to isolate and test the antibacterial activity of the epiphytic bacteria of seagrass symbionts. Epiphytic bacteria of seagrass symbionts were grown on Nutrient Agar media directly in the field and bacterial isolation was carried out based on the morphological characteristics of the bacterial isolates. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the disc method with the test bacteria Stapylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and antibiotics as positive controls. The ability of bacteria to produce antibacterial was indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone around the paper disc containing the epiphytic bacteria of the seagrass symbiont T. hemprichii. A total of 3 isolates of epiphytic bacteria were isolated from T. hemprichii seagrass from Bahowo Waters, Tongkaina Village, Bunaken District, these isolates are namely Epifit 1, Epiphyte 2, and Epiphyte 3. Epiphyte 2 isolate had antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, and S. thypi test bacteria, Epiphyte 3 isolate had antibacterial activity against S. mutans, and S. thypi test bacteria.Key words: Bacteria; Antibacterial; T. hemprichii; symbionts; BahowoAbstrakLamun merupakan tumbuhan tingkat tinggi dan memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan senyawa  bioaktif seperti antibakteri. Lamun juga merupakan tempat hidup atau inang dari berbagai bakteri. Bakteri yang hidup pada inang akan menghasilkan senyawa yang sama dengan tubuh inangnya. Pemanfaatan bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan lamun sebagai produsen senyawa bioaktif seperti antibakteri dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi dalam mengurangi pengambilan lamun yang berlebihan di alam. Dilain pihak, bakteri memiliki keunggulan karena pertumbuhan bakteri yang cepat dan mudah tumbuh, dapat diproduksi secara massal dan lebih ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri epifit simbion lamun T. hemprichii dari Perairan Bahowo.  Bakteri epifit simbion lamun ditumbuhkan pada media NA secara langsung di lapangan dan isolasi bakteri dilaksanakan berdasarkan karateristik morfologi isolat bakteri. Uji aktivitas bakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode cakram dengan bakteri uji S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli, dan S. thypi dan antibiotik sebagai kontrol positif. Kemampuan bakteri menghasilkan antibakteri ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat disekitar kertas cakram yang mengandung bakkteri epifit simbion lamun T. hemprichii.  Sebanyak 3 isolat bakteri epifit berhasil diisolasi pada lamun T. hemprichii dari Perairan Bahowo, Kelurahan Tongkaina, Kecamatan Bunaken yaitu Epifit 1, Epifit 2, dan Epifit 3. Isolat epifit 3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji S. thypi, isolat Epifit 2 terhadap bakteri uji S. mutans, S. aureus, dan S. thypi, isolat Epifit 3 terhadap bakteri uji S. mutans, dan S. thypi.Kata kunci: Bakteri; Antibakteri; T. hemprichii; Simbion; Bahowo

scholarly journals Enviromental behavior of sulfentrazone and fipronil in a Brazilian clayey latosol: field experiment and simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo Penna Scorza Júnior ◽  
André Andrade Franco
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Life Values

There has been an urgent need to assess pesticide environmental behavior under Brazilian field conditions and to evaluate the risks associated to its use in agriculture. Besides a qualitative and quantitative interpretation of field experiments to acquire understanding about pesticide environmental behaviour, field experiments are important to test pesticide fate models. Environmental behaviour of fipronil and sulfentrazone in a sugarcane area in Dourados, MS, was evaluated until 257 days after application. Moreover, the PEARL model was tested to simulate the fate of these two pesticides in the field. Soil samples for pesticide residue quantification and water content were taken at 0-10, 10-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-100 cm depth. There was a fast dissipation of both pesticides at soil surface within 15 days after application and their leaching was not beyond 30 cm depth. Dissipation and leaching satisfactory simulations for both pesticides were achieved only after calibration of half-life values or using a reduced initial dose. This study shows that fast dissipation of pesticides in the field can be an important process to consider when assessing the environmental behavior of pesticides in Brazil.

scholarly journals Production of biotechnological useful metabolites by Mucor racemosus in Czapek-Dox liquid media supplemented with synthetic detergent

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakovljevic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alkaline Invertase

The capacity of native isolate Mucor racemosus to produce several potentially useful metabolites in a liquid Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with powder anionic-type detergent MERIX (Henkel, Serbia) at concentrations of 0.3% (D3) and 0.5% (D5) was examined in this study. The changes of pH values, the total protein content, activities of acid and alkaline invertase, ?-amylase, as well as biomass dry weight were evaluated during fungal growth from inoculation until the 16th day. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative amino acids content of 16 days old fermentation broth was determined by HPLC. D3 considerably enhanced the biomass dry weight (43%), ?-amylase activity (49.59%) and the quantity of arginine (40.38%), and also influenced the production of a high amount of proteins (5.32 g/L). D5 significantly enhanced the biomass dry weight (53%), the quantity of arginine (119.09%) and alanine (192.79%) and induced the production of valine, serine and glutamate. In the D5 medium, ?-amylase retained 100% of its activity. The acid and alkaline invertase activity was moderately inhibited by D3 and D5. The obtained results may have considerable biotechnological, industrial and environmental potential.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DIAZOTROPIC BACTERIA FROM VIRGIN SOIL FROM ARAKU VALLEY AND ASSESSMENT OF OF AMMONIA ACCUMULATION AT SALINE CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
Simmanna Nakka ◽  
◽  
S. Uday Bhaskar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Agar Media

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are widely distributed in nature where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen in soil or in association with plant. They have been found in a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats in both temperate and tropical regions of the word. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in symbiotic associations with plants free living in soil. The objective of the present research was to isolate free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria from virgin soil samples in araku valley and assessment of their ammonia accumulation at saline conditions. 10 soil samples were collected in different place from virgin areas. For isolation of the free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, Nitrogen free media like Jensens Medium and Azotobacter Agar were used. Serially diluted soil samples were spread on the agar media and incubated for 48 hours. Eleven morphologically different bacteria were separated on made pure colonies on nutrient agar media. All bacteria were under go biochemical characterization which reveals that all these bacteria related to Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Clostridium. High ammonia liberating isolate MGN-10 was molecular characterizes as Azotobacter chroococcum and this soil application increase the plant growth in terms of growth parameters.

scholarly journals Fungi in Surtsey soils – abstract

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Elisabet Henriksson ◽  
Lars Eric Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Extract ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Volcanic Island ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Agar Media

The volcanic island of Surtsey in the Westmann Islands, Iceland, was formed by a series of submarine eruptions from 1963 to 1967. It is a natural area, giving scientists the opportunity to study the biological succession without interference from man. In 1972, the occurrence of micro-fungi in soil samples gathered at different locations on the island was assessed by counting and identifying the fungal colonies growing out on different agar media, containing various amounts of soil extract.

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