HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF THE BIOSPHERE SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF TAIMYR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. POSPELOV ◽  
◽  
M.G. BONDAR ◽  
L.A. KOLPASCHIKOV ◽  
E.B. POSPELOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Territories ◽  
Wild Reindeer

In 1995, the State Reserve "Taimyrsky" was awarded the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. It was during this period, that the global concept of the tasks and functions of biosphere reserves as such changed. Initially, biosphere reserves were created as territories for background monitoring of undisturbed natural complexes. With the adoption of the Seville Strategy in 1995, along with this function, the task of promoting sustainable social-economic development of regions and local communities was adopted, but at the same time preserving and deepening the scientific work of the reserve - monitoring natural environment of the reserve core and adjacent areas. A zone of cooperation of the reserve was declared, including areas of compact residence and nature use of indigenous people - Dolgan and Nganasan. After the unification of all 5 federal protected areas of Taimyr in 2013 into the management of a single Unified Directorate, the implementation of the functions of the biosphere reserve, especially scientific works, for the Taimyr Reserve has become significantly more complicated. Currently, one of the main tasks is to monitor and manage the Taimyr population of wild reindeer - the basis of the traditional nature management of Taimyr people, along with domestic reindeer husbandry, fishing and fur trade. The satellite tracking program conducted since 2018 and the resumption of accounting works have made it possible to identify the unfavorable state of this population and outline measures for its protection and restoration.

The Status of Scientific Activities in United States Biosphere Reserves

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Goigel Turner ◽  
William P. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Almost All

The United States Biosphere Reserve network was begun in 1974, and currently numbers 38 sites. An investigation into the status of scientific activities in US Biosphere Reserves was conducted in 1981 to determine how well the network was meeting the multiple objectives of the Man and the Biosphere Programme. A survey questionnaire was administered to all US Biosphere Reserves, covering the adequacy of available data-bases, the types of research conducted, the perceived anthropogenic threats, funding, support, facilities, and educational programmes. Based on predominant management emphasis, Biosphere Reserves were designated as experimental or observational (i.e. conservational) for the purpose of analysis of the data.The results of our survey indicate that baseline scientific data, such as aerial photography, bibliographies, weather data, flora and fauna checklists and keys, and topographic maps, are generally available for most of the US Biosphere Reserves; environmental monitoring activities are more comprehensive than ecological research activities, but topic emphasis varies with the management's orientation of the Reserves. Experimentally-oriented Reserves tend to emphasize biological productivity, succession, silviculture, and forest restoration and management, while observationally-oriented Reserves tend towards descriptive studies.In almost all scientific activities, experimental Reserves were scored higher than observational (‘conservation’) Reserves in terms of general value; they have also received significantly more funding for scientific research. In all Reserves, most natural resources are considered to be effectively protected. Observational Reserves report a greater number of anthropogenic threats, including air and water pollution, exotic species, operations problems, resource removal, and visitor impacts; but they are addressing a greater proportion of these threats than are experimental Reserves. Most Reserves communicate natural history and other scientific information to the public, but many do not discuss MAB or its goals. Almost all the 38 US Biosphere Reserves are used for professional training and have basic support-facilities for field-work.Recommendations made for improving the effectiveness of US Biosphere Reserves include: strengthening communications among Reserves within the network; initiating more cooperative studies at all geographic levels; intensifying scientific research in observational (‘conservation’) Reserves; improving the status of ecological research on aquatic systems and soils, and at the ecosystem level in all Reserves; also designing studies which focus on Man as an integral part of the system and how Mankind might exist in improved concert with The Biosphere. The designation of a multiple-site Biosphere Reserve bearing the name of the biogeographic region in which it occurs, is now being used both to conserve a region's representative ecosystems and to foster cooperation among sites. We believe this is a workable approach and an important first step in implementing these recommendations regionally and, so far as they prove practicable, ultimately globally.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE CREATION OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramenskaya ◽  
Svetlana Degtyareva ◽  
Valentina Dorofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Distribution ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ecological Basis ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

The ecological foundations of the creation of some biosphere reserves of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The article focuses on the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the species of organisms and ecosystems in general. The patterns of vegetation distribution, the time of creation and the functional role of the reserve, and the status of the biosphere reserve are revealed.

THE KHANKAISKIY STATE NATURAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. KOZHENKOVA ◽  
◽  
YU.P. SUSHITSKY ◽  
I.M. TIUNOV ◽  
A.N. KACHUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lake Khanka ◽  
Structure And Functions

The Khankaiskiy Biosphere Reserve is located in the drainage basin of Lake Khanka in the Russian Far East. It is of great importance for the biodiversity conservation, especially bird biodiversity in the wetland landscapes under Ramsar Convention. The Khankaisky Reserve was established in 1990, and in 2005 it acquired the status of Biosphere Reserve. In 1986 on the adjacent Chinese territory in the northern part of the lake, the Xingkai-Hu Reserve was established, which received the status of Biosphere Reserve in 2007. An intergovernmental agreement on foundation of the Russian-Chinese Khanka Lake Reserve on the basis of the two Reserves was signed in 1996. The article contains information on the modern structure and functions of the Khankaiskiy Biosphere Reserve, and scientific research in the Reserve within the framework of international cooperation. Some geo-ecological problems in the Lake Khanka drainage basin, which affect the stability of the protected area ecosystems, are briefly discussed.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

Some Imperatives of the Russian Economic Leadership: The Development of Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
O. S. Sukharev
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Compensation System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Labor Compensation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Standpoint

The paper outlines system capabilities of Russia to join the scientific and technological leaders through changes in the staff policy in the science field, which was the purpose of the research.The subject of the research is institutional changes occurring in science and, particularly, staff training. The status of the Russian science is assessed in terms of changes in the basic rules and their adjustment with an emphasis on material and non-material incentives, staff rotation and training of young scientists. The paper proves that the frequency and content of institutional changes affect the quality of the scientific development and the training of scientific staff; moreover, copying the rules already in use reduces the competitive potential of science. From the scientific and practical standpoint, the research is novel in that it formulates proposals for establishing a labor compensation system and introduction of basic institutions (rules) to ensure the functioning of the scientific sphere and the efficiency of functions immanent to the latter. The paper proposes a “scientific product” doctrine that can be used for assessment of a scientist’s labor, according to which the scientist creates a product that is assessed not by the citation frequency or the number of published articles and books but by the importance of discoveries in theory and practice, the significance of new formulas and methods developed. It is suggested that the scientist’s labor compensation system be presented by two levels: the current salary and the estimated value of the total scientific product created. The problem of scientific work incentives can be solved by introducing a special tariffqualification grid tied to the system of the scientist’s promotion.

On the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Wilfried Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Islam And Democracy

This article examines the state of Islamic jurisprudence with regard to many sensitive issues, such as the status of women and minorities in Islam, Islam and Democracy, hudud punishments. The author explores the current state of Islamic discourse on jurisprudence and identifies three approaches-traditional, secular and reformist. The paper explores the positions of the traditional ulama and the reformist muj­tahids on the mentioned topics and finds the reformist position more sensible and closer to the position of ihe Qur'an and Sunnah. This paper while advocating neo-ijtihad, makes an impressive case for the merit???? and Islamic credibility of the reformist jurisprudence.

Current state-of-the-art antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johny Nicolas ◽  
Victor Razuk ◽  
Gennaro Giustino ◽  
Roxana Mehran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Artery Disease

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that leads to long-term damage to various organ systems. Among the numerous cardiovascular disease-related complications, thrombotic events frequently occur in patients with diabetes. Although guidelines exist for treating and preventing most diabetes-related co-morbidities, the evidence on antithrombotic therapy in primary and secondary prevention is limited due to the scarcity of randomized trials dedicated to patients with diabetes mellitus. Most of the available data are derived from studies that only included a small proportion of patients with diabetes. The present review provides an overview of the status of knowledge on antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in patients with diabetes, focusing on the risk–benefit balance of these therapies and future treatment strategies.

What Library 2.0 has taught libraries in Taiwan about e-learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Chi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Educational Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feedback Model ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Current State ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Library Development ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – This paper aims to review the four elements of Library 2.0, which represents a major innovation, and adopts several pedagogical concepts to investigate other innovations libraries in Taiwan could implement to become ideal libraries. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an overview of the essential principles of Library 2.0 and examines the current state of libraries in Taiwan. The authors then present a reciprocal feedback model of Library 2.0+. Findings – A Library 2.0+ model and a concept map of the mutualism between e-learning education and Library 2.0+ were proposed to diminish the gap between the status quo and Library 2.0. Two recommendations are provided: to develop a library learning platform to maximize the education value of the library, and to regard library development as part of the overall community’s development. Users can access library resources anytime/anywhere by visiting the library learning platform without visiting the library. Allowing an individual approach is necessary to realize the social educational value of the library. Moreover, a Library 2.0 library engages more in community development and invites participation with participation in community first. Universities in the community would be good technology partners when developing a Library 2.0 library. Originality/value – Although there has been extensive research of library development in view of Library 2.0, such a topic has never been explored with an educational perspective, especially an e-learning perspective. Given that the definition of Library 2.0 is abstract and fairly broad, the authors take the view of an e-learning platform to make Library 2.0 more figurative. Moreover, through interdisciplinary exploration, concrete suggestions regarding library development are provided to librarians, especially those with similar conditions as those in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.

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