scholarly journals Moving Assessment Online: Experiences within a School of Pharmacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Morgan ◽  
Erin Adams ◽  
Teresa Mary Elsobky ◽  
Marcia Brackbill ◽  
Amber Darr
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Open Book ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Student Stress ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Assessment Procedures

The COVID-19 pandemic required academic institutions to quickly transition to online learning and make changes to assessment procedures. This study examines how a school of pharmacy creatively approached the challenge of online assessment while maintaining the standards necessary to prepare practice-ready student pharmacists. To conduct traditional exams, instructors deployed two different types of methods utilizing testing software: a video conferencing technology approach which mimicked pre-pandemic, on-campus proctored exams; or open-book, internet access-enabled exams that ensured academic integrity and rigor through various testing strategies. To assess students’ clinical skills, faculty used a combination of techniques such as physical examinations, patient interviews, and patient presentations. To understand the student experience with these assessments, students were surveyed using a 12-item questionnaire. Overall, online video proctoring maintained consistency in exam structure and administration, but required extensive instruction for both students and proctors. Students preferred unproctored, open-book, internet access-enabled, standard time exams versus proctored, closed-book, internet-access disabled, extended time exams. Changes to testing procedures, whether with proctored or unproctored methods, appeared to increase student stress.

Cognitive Testing of Educational Minorities: A Search for Alternatives

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Cultural Minority ◽  
Cultural Minorities ◽  
Social Minorities ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This article is directed at both academic and practitioner psychologists. My reflections on the mythology that surrounds the application of intelligence tests and their educational equivalents in schools are directed at the former group, of which I am one. These beliefs persist partly because current developments in psychological theory generally have had very little impact on the practice of cognitive testing and even less impact on educational testing (Davidson, 1982a). When doubts are raised about testing of minority group children practitioners are often told simply that current testing procedures are inappropriate but are not told about alternative assessment procedures and the advantages and difficulties they impose.A second aim therefore is to explore some of the alternatives. For that reason the title refers to “cognitive” assessment rather than to intellectual or educational assessment, the aim being to consider the contributions of cognitive science generally and cross-cultural cognitive psychology particularly to the development of alternative assessment procedures. It also refers deliberately to “educational” minorities rather than cultural minorities, because some of these principles apply equally to social minorities whose home circumstances and educational needs are different from those of the majority, and to groups that form cultural majorities but whose access to education is restricted by a politically dominant cultural minority.

Knowledge of Malaria and Management Practices of Primary Health Care Workers Treating Children with Malaria in Ibadan, Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Fawole ◽  
M. O. Onadeko ◽  
C. O. Oyejide
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Physical Examinations

A survey of the knowledge and management practices of 61 health workers in five primary health care facilities in Ibadan 30 health workers observed as they managed children with fever and the parasite status of 92 children diagnosed to have malaria was conducted. Sixty-seven percent of children had the malaria parasite. Knowledge on some basic concepts was fairly adequate as the majority (75.4%) knew the cause of malaria, and 95.1% correctly recognized its key signs and symptoms. Treatment practices were poor as only 55.7% and 63.9% of health workers, respectively, prescribed chloroquine and paracetamol correctly; most gave underdosage. Observation revealed that history taking and physical examinations were rudimentary. Scores out of 100 on correct prescriptions of chloroquine and paracetamol were 60.1 and 76.8, respectively. There is an urgent need for periodic education programs, especially for health workers with many years of experience to help them maintain clinical skills and refresh their knowledge.

Are staged dyadic encounters useful for studying aggressive behaviour of arvicoline rodents?

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Harper ◽  
George O. Batzli
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Over Time

We investigated the aggressiveness of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in dyadic encounters staged in different types of arena trials to determine if responses differed (i) between neutral arena trials conducted in the laboratory and resident–intruder trials conducted in the field, (ii) between trials staged before and after 3 months of isolation from social contact, (iii) between voles reared in the laboratory and voles reared in the field, and (iv) among trials staged with the same individual over time. Though rodents are usually expected to be more aggressive on their own home range, female prairie voles tended to be more aggressive in neutral arenas. Males showed no difference in aggression between trials held in neutral arenas and trials held in arenas placed in their home ranges. Aggressiveness was not affected by 3 months of isolation for either males or females, suggesting that recent social cues may not strongly influence aggressive behaviour in this species. Voles reared in the laboratory were significantly more aggressive than those reared in enclosed field populations, which suggests that direct comparisons of field and laboratory studies of aggressive behaviour may be suspect. Individuals showed little change in aggressiveness when tested over several weeks in three trials with different opponents. We conclude that encounters staged in arenas provide standardized estimates of aggressiveness that are robust to differences in testing procedures and are repeatable over time. Therefore, their continued use seems warranted for studying aggressive behaviour of voles and lemmings.

scholarly journals Internet use in Brazil: speeding up or lagging behind?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda Olinto ◽  
Suely Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Evidence

The evolution of internet access and use in Brazil in the direction of social inclusiveness and to guarantee uses that promote individual and community development is the focus of the present paper. Previous evidence on the subject initially presented indicates the prevalence of contrasting aspects: some outstanding positive initiatives and results towards democratization of the internet, as well as the maintenance of great digital inequalities. New evidence on the evolution of internet access and use is also discussed herein, based on analyses of longitudinal data obtained from the Brazilian Census Bureau’s Annual Survey (IBGE/PNAD, 2005, 2008). After describing aspects of increase in access to the internet, we focus on the evolution of different types of everyday life internet uses, particularly those that might contribute to individual and community development. How accesses and uses are gradually incorporating the less privileged sectors of the Brazilian adult population is also considered in the analyses. The results obtained reinforce the previous contrasting evidences: outstanding growth in access and in diversified uses are observed - suggesting intensive appropriation of internet technology and resources by the population - as well as the persistence of great inequalities. These circumstances indicate that the digital divide in Brazil is still a great challenge to be faced through comprehensive and long-term policies and initiatives.

scholarly journals Utilizing doctors' attitudes toward staff training to inform a chiropractic technology curriculum

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Eberhart ◽  
Stacie S. Martel
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Technology Program ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
High Level

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine attitudes of doctors of chiropractic regarding the importance of staff training in specific skill areas to inform the curriculum management process of a chiropractic technology program. Methods A survey was distributed to registrants of a chiropractic homecoming event. On a 5-point Likert scale, respondents were asked to rate the degree of importance that staff members be trained in specific skills. Descriptive statistics were derived, and a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test differences between groups based on years in practice and level of staff training. Results Doctors place a high level of importance on oral communication skills and low importance on nutrition and physical examinations. Comparing groups based on years in practice revealed differences in the areas of passive physiotherapies (F = 3.61, p = .015), legal issues/regulations (F = 3.01, p = .032), occupational safety and health regulation (F = 4.27, p = .006), and marketing (F = 2.67, p = .049). Comparing groups based on level of staff training revealed differences in the areas of occupational safety and health regulations (F = 4.56, p = .005) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (F = 4.91, p = .003). Conclusion With regard to their assistants, doctors of chiropractic tend to place high importance on office skills requiring effective communication and place less importance on clinical skills such as physical examinations and physiotherapy.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Buku Modul Praktik Clinical Skill Terhadap Kemampuan Mahasiswa Keperawatan Dalam Melakukan Pemeriksaan Fisik Dada

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Agung Nugroho ◽  
Dadi Santoso ◽  
Wuri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Physical Assessment ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Nurse Assessment ◽  
And Control

Background: the competencies that must be possessed by a nursing student when they practice on the clinics or hospital, they must be able to carry out about physical examinations, determine nursing diagnoses, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing actions.Purpose: to know the effect of the clinical skills practice module on the nursing student’s ability in a chest physical examinationMethod: this research used True Experimental in the form of Posttest Only Control Design. Using two groups selected randomly into the control and treatment group. Where the control group will be given a conventional method and treatment group will be given a clinical skill module that is made by researchers.Result: t value was -6,625 < t table (1,658), so that it can be concluded that there is different between the treatment group and control group. Recommendation: Nursing process always interest to be discussed, hopefully the next research can explore about nurse’s physical assessment ability in another Keywords:Clinical skill module, nurse assessment, lungs physical assessment

How Errors Cumulate: Two Examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432
Author(s):  
Roger Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Unit Nonresponse ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nonresponse Error ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article examines the relationship among different types of nonobservation errors (all of which affect estimates from nonprobability internet samples) and between nonresponse and measurement errors. Both are examples of how different error sources can interact. Estimates from nonprobability samples seem to have more total error than estimates from probability samples, even ones with very low response rates. This finding suggests that the combination of coverage, selection, and nonresponse errors has greater cumulative effects than nonresponse error alone. The probabilities of having internet access, joining an internet panel, and responding to a particular survey request are probably correlated and, as a result, may lead to greater covariances with survey variables than response propensities alone; the biases accentuate one another. With nonresponse and measurement error, the two sources seem more or less uncorrelated, with one exception—those most prone to social desirability bias (those in the undesirable categories) are also less likely to respond. In addition, the propensity for unit nonresponse seems to be related to item nonresponse.

Text Mining Using Twitter Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Falak Bhardwaj ◽  
Pulkit Arora ◽  
Gaurav Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Pros And Cons

The microblogging social networking service Twitter has been abuzz around the globe in the last decade. A number of allegations as well as exculpation of different types are being held against it. The list of pros and cons of social networks is huge. India on one hand had an abundance of internet access in last half of the decade. The growth of social media and its influence on people have affected the society in both good as well as in bad way. The following research was done in the month of September and October. The research was carried out on 13 lakh tweets approximately, collected over the course of a month from September to October providing insights about the different attributes of general tweets available on Twitter API for analysis. Insights include the hashtags, account mentions, sentiment, polarity, subject, and object of a tweet. The topics like Rhea Chakraborty and Sushant Singh Rajput, PM Narendra Modi's Birthday, IPL 2020 overshadowed the topics like COVID-19 and women's security.

Local web-server of telemetric system with modbus interaction sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
V Puyda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Telemetric System

With the development of microprocessor components and, accordingly, a significant expansion of the use of computer technologies, remote measurement techniques are being developed. These include telemetry and remote control of technical systems or their components in industry, research, home appliances and other fields. In this paper, the author suggests how to build a local web-server based on a microcontroller with an ARM Cortex-M4 core, which can be interacted with via an http-browser with Internet access. The block diagram of the local web-server on the basis of the STM32F407 microcontroller with the ARM Cortex-M4 core is suggested. Hardware modeling of the local web-server with a two-processor architecture including the main controller and the Modbus processor with the RS-485 interface, which provides information exchange via the Modbus RTU protocol, is done. The main controller is equipped with an indicator system based on functionally programmable LED indicators, an LCD indicator of type BC1602A, a local keyboard, USB and SWD ports for debugging and programming of the microcontroller, an external Ethernet module providing a temperature sensor and the Modbus RTU relay module, which interacts with the main controller of the local web-server via the Modbus processor with the RS-485 interface using the Modbus RTU protocol. A software for interaction of the local web-server and a http-browser has been developed. The local web-server was tested with different types of http browsers, proved to be reliable and showed the response time which depends on the number of sensors and is less than 1 second in case of 9 sensors.

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