scholarly journals Cyclist head and facial injury risk in relation to helmet fit: a case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Romanow ◽  
BE Hagel ◽  
J Williamson ◽  
BH Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Facial Injury ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Control Study

Introduction We examined the effect of bicycle helmet fit and position on head and facial injuries. Methods Cases were helmeted cyclists with a head (n = 297) or facial (n = 289) injury. Controls were helmeted cyclists with other injuries, excluding the neck. Participants were interviewed in seven Alberta emergency departments or by telephone; injury data were collected from charts. Missing values were imputed using chained equations and custom prediction imputation models. Results Compared with excellent helmet fit, those with poor fit had increased odds of head injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–10.74). Compared with a helmet that stayed centred, those whose helmet tilted back (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.54–5.47), shifted (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01–3.63) or came off (OR = 6.72, 95% CI: 2.86–15.82) had higher odds of head injury. A helmet that tilted back (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 2.74–8.46), shifted (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04–3.19) or came off (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.24–8.85) also increased the odds of facial injury. Conclusion Our findings have implications for consumer and retail education programs.

scholarly journals A case–control study in France showing that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Hajji-Louati ◽  
Emilie Cordina-Duverger ◽  
Nasser Laouali ◽  
Francesca-Romana Mancini ◽  
Pascal Guénel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tumor Subtype ◽  
Control Study

AbstractDietary regimens promoting inflammatory conditions have been implicated in breast cancer development, but studies on the association between pro-inflammatory diet and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and breast cancer risk in a case–control study in France including 872 breast cancer cases and 966 population controls. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire that was used to compute a Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) based on the inflammatory weight of 33 dietary components. The DII ranged from a median of − 3.22 in the lowest quartile (anti-inflammatory) to + 2.96 in the highest quartile (pro-inflammatory). The odds ratio contrasting quartile 4 to quartile 1 was 1.31 (95% CI 1.00, 1.73; p-trend = 0.02). Slightly higher odds ratios were observed in post-menopausal women, particularly those with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio 1.62; 95% CI 0.92, 2.83; p-trend = 0.02), and among ever smokers (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 1.11, 2.65; p-trend 0.01). The analyses by breast cancer subtype showed that the DII was associated with breast tumors that expressed either the estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) hormone receptors or the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2), but no association was seen for the triple negative breast tumor subtype. Our results add further evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with breast cancer risk with possible effect variation according to tumor subtype.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals Nonuse of bicycle helmets and risk of fatal head injury: a proportional mortality, case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. E921-E923 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Persaud ◽  
E. Coleman ◽  
D. Zwolakowski ◽  
B. Lauwers ◽  
D. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Control Study

Risk Factors for Measles Vaccine Failure Among Immunized Students

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Harry F. Hull ◽  
Jean M. Montes ◽  
Patricia C. Hays ◽  
Robert L. Lucero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School System ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of measles occurred in a municipal school system which had reported 98% of students immunized against measles. A case-control study was conducted to determine reasons for vaccine failure Vaccine failure was associated with immunizations that could not be documented in the provider's records. Among children with provider-documented immunization, vaccine failure was associated with vaccination at 12 to 14 months of age with an odds ratio of 4.73. Among children vaccinated at 15 months or older, vaccine failure was not associated with time elapsed since vaccination. Studies should be conducted to determine whether unreliable immunization records are a more widespread problem. Further consideration should be given to routine revaccination of children previously vaccinated at 12 to 14 months of age.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Jiahui Ma ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the susceptibility to the infection of herpes zoster (HZ). Less is known about the risk factors of HZ in CKD patients.Methods and Participants: This is a case-control study. CKD patients diagnosed with HZ infection between January 2015 and October 2020 in a tertiary hospital were identified. One age- and gender- matched control was paired for each case, matched to the date of initial HZ diagnose. The uni- and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for development of HZ in CKD patients.Results: Forty-six HZ patients and controls were identified. In general, about 80% (72 out of 92) patients were classified at end-stage renal disease (ESRD, CKD Ⅳ to Ⅴ). Multivariate analyses revealed that immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio: 12.50, 95% CI: 1.53-102.26, P=0.021) and dialysis (odds ratio: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.13-9.78, P=0.029) were independent risk factors of HZ in patient with CKD. Conclusion: Immunosuppressive medication and dialysis were associated with HZ infection in CKD. Further guideline may highlight the necessity of zoster vaccine for patients with CKD, who undertake immunosuppressive or dialysis treatment.

scholarly journals Hubungan Riwayat Cidera Lutut Terhadap Pasien Yang Berpotensi Osteoarthritis Lutut Di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Safun Rahmanto ◽  
Khaiyatul Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ligament Sprain ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Osteoartritis merupakan salah satu penyakit degenerative yang ditandai dengan hilangnya tulang rawan articular dan terjadi peradangan sinovial yang menyebabkan kekakuan sendi, nyeri dan kehilangan mobilitas sendi. Ada banyak faktor risiko osteoarthritis lutut, salah satunya  adalah riwayat cidera lutut. Cidera lutut menurunkan kestabilan sendi lutut pada bantalan beban tubuh. Cidera lutut meningkatkan risiko osteoarthritis pada area kontak tibiofemoral dan tekanan pada  cidera meniscal, sehingga menyebabkan unstabil sendi berupa ligament sprain dan lesi pada chondral atau dengan mengganggu sistem neuromuskular. Individu dengan riwayat trauma sendi 3-6 kali lebih berpotensi terjadinya osteoarthritis lutut. Dalam 5 tahun cedera, lutut mengalami perubahan struktural seperti, perubahan komposisi tulang rawan, dan perubahan pada struktur  ulang. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang.  etode Penelitian : Desain penelitian menggunakan Case Control Study dengan jumlah sampel 120 responden di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang yang  diambil dengan metode Simple Random Sampling. Pengambilan data untuk mengetahui riwayat cidera lutut dinilai dengan kuesioner OA Risk C dan wawancara mendalam. Potensi adanya osteoarthritis lutut dinilai menggunakan pemeriksaan fisik, skala jette dan data sekunder dari Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan uji Chi-Square terhadap Riwayat cidera lutut dikaitkan dengan osteoarthritis lutut dalam penelitian ini didapatkan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari alpha 5% (0,00 < 0,05) dengan Odds Ratio [OR= 5,82 (95% CI 2,54-13,35)]. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat cidera lutut terhadap pasien yang berpotensi osteoarthritis lutut di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang dan orang yang  memiliki riwayat cidera lutut berpeluang 5  kali lebih besar menderita osteoarthritis lutut daripada orang yang tidak memiliki riwayat cidera lutut.  

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