scholarly journals The study of biographies and the prosopographical method as a promising direction of historical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Konstantin Nikolaevich Kurkov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Dupliy ◽  
Elena Evgenevna Kabanova ◽  
Tatiana Anatolyevna Evstratova ◽  
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Vetrova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The article addresses the study of historical processes through the biographical data of heads of the Russian prison service between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The prosopographical method allows demonstrating the sociocultural phenomenon of paradoxical perception of reality by the Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century. The slogans of representatives of the revolutionary movement calling for justice turned into brutal terrorist acts. The study comprises archival documents and materials from pre-revolutionary periodicals.

scholarly journals LOCAL REFLECTION OF GLOBAL STREAMS: SYRIA AND LEBANON ON THE IDEOLOGICAL FRONTIER (THE BEGINNING OF THE 60TH OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
A. V. SARABIEV
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
Powerful Factor ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The 1960S

Social and political processes in Syria and Lebanon analyzes on the  material of archival documents through the prism of global and  regional ideological confrontation. On the background of the world  bipolar system in the first half of the 1960s the most powerful  ideological currents, combining Arab nationalism and socialist ideas,  were most clearly manifested in the Middle East. On a broader scale,  these ideological currents have found their short-term  expression within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement. By the end of the 1960s, the ideas of Arab socialism had ceased to be perceived as competitive in a system of bipolar global  confrontation. Nevertheless, the important historical processes of the  early 1960s cannot be analyzed without taking into account that  powerful factor in the Middle East development.

John of Kronshtadt and Leo Tolstoy

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Peter A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components

The article provides a comparative analysis of the influence of L.N. Tolstoy and I.I. Sergiev (John of Kronstadt) on the formation of personal worldview in Russian society. The analysis is based on the testimonies of the contemporaries and the previously not reissued publication of “Novy Put” (“New Way”) journal on the subject. In the context of the declared problematics, special attention is paid to the question of transformation of religious consciousness in the course of the personality formation in relation to the period under consideration (the beginning of the 20th century). The author reveals and analyzes the main components of the life stand of Tolstoy and Father John of Kronstadt in the context of their influence on contemporaries. The results of the study allow to reveal the following antitheses that characterize Tolstoy and John of Kronstadt, respectively: doubt - faith, search for oneself – following the once chosen path, preaching of non-resistance as part of the philosophy of not-doing (not doing evil) – preaching of active upholding of faith (doing good), “simple living” – real life with and for common people.

Workers of the Western Siberian Forest Office: Career Biographies of Experts (End of the 19th – First Third of the 20th Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Milishchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
The Press ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Level Of Training

The article discusses career biographies of officials of the forestry department and forestry faculty of the Siberian Institute of Agriculture. Based on materials from directories, archival documents, the press, specialized publications and scientific literature, the author provides data on the level of training of forestry figures and their contribution to the development of the industry, including organizational and teaching activities at the Forestry Department of the Siberian Institute.

Private letters of Siberian exiles about the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: 1908–1912

2018 ◽  
pp. 508-521
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Baksht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Police Department ◽  
General System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
State Management ◽  
Management Institutions

The article studies the Turukhansk region as a territory with distinct climatic conditions and, consequently, with distinctive state management institutions and does so in the context of modernization processes of late 19th – early 20th century. This part of the Yenisei gubernia having become a region of mass exile after the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, its integration into a general system of management slowed down. Private letters of exiles are an important historical source, they reveal many aspects of the daily life of the persons under supervising in the inter-revolutionary period. The ‘Turukhansk revolt’ in the winter of 1908/09 revealed not only the ineffectiveness of exile as a penal measure, but also severel major problems of the region: archaic and scanty management institutions, lack of transport communication with southern uezds of the gubernia, underpopulation, and also gubernia and metropolitan officials’ ignorance of local affairs. The agencies of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expanded the practice of perlustration as involvement in the revolutionary movement grew. Siberian exiles had their correspondence routinely inspected, and yet in most cases they were inexperienced enough not to encrypt their messages. Surviving perlustration materials offer an ambivalent picture of the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: there were both approval and condemnation of the participants’ actions. The documents tell a tale of extreme cruelty of the punitive detachments even towards those who were not involved in the resistance. The subject of the Siberian exile of the early 20th century has research potential. There is virtually no scholarship on the exiles’ self-reflection concerning the ‘common violence’ of both anti-governmental groups and state punitive agencies. Diversification in political/party or social/class affiliation is not enough. The new materials have revealed a significant gap between several ‘streams’ of exiles: those banished to Siberia in midst of the First Russian Revolution differed from those exiled in 1910s. The article concludes that, having departed from the previous approach to studying the exile, ego-sources cease to be of lesser importance than other types of historical sources. Their subjectivity becomes an advantage for a high-quality text analysis.

Documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region as a Source for Studying Peasant Legal Sense in Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Legal Sense

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.

Resilienz und Konstruktion von Sicherheit

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-445
Author(s):  
Amerigo Caruso ◽  
Linda Hammann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Political Turmoil

AbstractProspero Balbo, the head of a leading Piedmontese noble family, followed a career path similar to that of the versatile French statesman Talleyrand. In the aftermath of 1789, Balbo served under four different regimes: the Old Regime monarchy, the Russian provisional administration of Piedmont in 1799, the Napoleonic empire, and the restored Savoy monarchy. After the short-lived revolutionary movement of 1821 in Sardinia-Piedmont, Prospero lost his job as interior minister and his son, Cesare, was forced into exile. The revolutionary waves of 1820–1821 were the most recent of numerous disruptive events and regime changes that jeopardized Europe and the Atlantic world between the late 1770 s and the early 1820 s. These five decades of revolutionary upheavals, wars, and persistent insecurity forced the traditional elites to mobilize their material, cultural, and social resources to preserve their prestige and power. Based on extensive archival research, this article examines the resilience-strengthening resources and strategies implemented by members of the Balbo family during periods of political turmoil. In doing so, the article aims to develop an analytical and conceptual framework to describe historical processes in terms of resilience and vulnerability. This new approach enables us to look afresh at elite transformations and at the dynamics of political change and continuity in early nineteenth-century Europe.

scholarly journals Eduards Volters and the Institutionalization of Book Science in the Early 20th Century

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 230-263
Author(s):  
Aušra Navickienė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
European Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Eduardas Volteris (1856‒1941) is one of the first book theorists in the Eastern European region and developer of the most important memory and higher education institutions of independent Lithuania. This article analyzes the early 20th c. phenomenon of the institutionalization of book science. It attempts to answer the question of how Eduardas Volteris contributed to establishing the very first Eastern European societies of book researchers, to consolidating the sciences of bibliography, bibliology and book science within the realm of academia, and to professionalising of book scholarship. The sources for examination of the social aspects of book science are: documents belonging to the Russian Society of Bibliology, which was active in St. Petersburg in 1899–1931, materials in scholarly serial publications on book science of the early 20th c., theoretical papers published by E. Volteris, and the results of the historical studies on the history of European book science.

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

scholarly journals Forced Migrants from Central Asia in Terms of Archival Documents (1991-2002): A Case Study of the Chelyabinsk Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Avdashkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
High Level

The article draws on the documents from the United State Archive of Chelyabinsk Region and the State Archive of the Russian Federation to examine forced migration from the former Soviet republics to the South Urals in 1991-2002. The choice of chronological framework is due to the fact that this period saw the peak of forced migration caused by the outflow from the military conflicts zones and due to the difficulties of post-socialist transit in the states of Central Asia. The 2002 Population Census allows the author to draw the balance of these processes and to identify the number of the region’s residents who arrived from the former Soviet Union republics between 1989 and 2002. The Chelyabinsk region is a part of the Russian-Kazakh frontier. After the collapse of the USSR and the reformatting of state borders, this borderland was an extended settlement area of the Russian-speaking population, mostly leaning towards moving from Kazakhstan. Due to a sufficiently high level of development, transport accessibility and low start-up opportunities for migrants, these border regions became one of the main places for receiving forced displacements from the Central Asian states, mostly Kazakhstan. In the current historiographical situation, a holistic reconstruction and detailing of these large-scale migrations requires a reliance on new historical sources. Archival documents of regional migration services contain valuable data on the number of forced migrants, their main areas of origin, socio-demographic characteristics, and other important parameters. The documents revealed in the fonds of the OGACHO and the GARF have showed that, at the initial stage, the backbone of migration flows was the Russian-speaking population from neighboring Kazakhstan, able-bodied, with a sufficiently high level of skills. This compensated for demographic losses due catastrophic growth of mortality and decline in birth rate. Thus, according to the migration service of the region, migration compensated for more than half of the total population loss, without any significant impact on its ethnic composition. At the same time, migrants encountered numerous difficulties in integrating into Russian society, which were rarely reflected in the specific documentation of state institutions. Many of the arrived, for various reasons, were not included in the forced migrants and refugees statistics due to numerous bureaucratic difficulties and an objective lack of resources for helping such a large number of people.

scholarly journals Cartographic depiction of religious buildings and cemeteries on cadastral maps created during the first cadastral survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Geoadria ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedim Tuno ◽  
Jusuf Topoljak ◽  
Admir Mulahusić ◽  
Mithad Kozličić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Cadastral Maps ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Over Time

This paper deals with cartographic depictions of religious facilities and cemeteries in Bosnia and Herzegovina on cadastral maps created during the Austro-Hungarian administration. It shows how cartographic depictions of these plans changed over time, based on collections of topographic symbols published in the late 19th and the early 20th century. Relevant cartographic sources depicting religious buildings were identified and collected through analysis of genuine archival documents, i.e. relevant cartographical sources of different scales and types. The research of the materials resulted in a scientific description of the most important aspects of religious facilities belonging to different religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document