scholarly journals Sociocultural interpretation of thought and language in infants from zero to two years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3C) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Flor de María Sánchez Aguirre ◽  
Elva Luz Castañeda Alvarado ◽  
David Saúl Cuéllar Juárez ◽  
Patrik Manuel Toledo Quispe ◽  
Sonia María Loayza Chácara
Keyword(s):  
Basic Type ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Two Populations

The purpose of the study was to describe the perception of thought and language in children from 0 to 2 years in two populations of students initial education of a Public Institution; the research paradigm was positivist, of a basic type, comparative descriptive design, the instrument used was the checklist subjected to validity and reliability, the results were that the students of the VIII semester (22 participants) of initial education were found in an Inadequate level with 14%, while 86% were found in the Regular level, none of the students of the VIII semester reached the Good level. In comparison with the students of the IX semester (34 participants) of initial education who were at an Inadequate level of 3%. Likewise, 44% were found in the Regular level and finally, 53% were located in the Good level in relation to the perception of thought and language in children from 0 to 2 years old that integrates the meaning of the word, the structure of thought - language and the function of thought and language.

scholarly journals Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Golafshani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Naturalistic Approach

The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth.

scholarly journals Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Tehran Metro Service Workers towards COVID Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Al-Sadat MOUSAVIFARD ◽  
Farahnaz KHAJEHNASIRI
Keyword(s):  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Prevention Guidelines ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a global threat. Workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about this new infectious disease are crucial to its prevention and control. This study was conducted to the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice was determined according to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines and the factors affecting it in the service workers of Tehran Metro Line 1 in the fall of 2020 Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was performed on 113 service-cleaning workers of Tehran Metro Line 1 with a mean and standard deviation of the age of 35.38+_5.43 in the fall of 2020. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a 32-item questionnaire to assess the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines (with optimal validity and reliability). Answers were measured with pros, cons, no comments. Findings were presented by descriptive and analytical statistics and data analysis was performed by analytical tests of SPSS software version 25 with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that in the field of knowledge, attitude, and practice with 74.9%, 83.2%, and 99.2% of the participants were at a good level, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age and attitude of participants in the study (p <0.05) so that the The attitudes of 30-34 years old were significantly different from the attitudes of other age groups There was also a significant positive relationship between education and performance of participants (p <0.05), people with a bachelor's degree had better performance. The relative frequency of non-COVID-19 infection in the study participants from the beginning of the disease until now (autumn 1399) was 68.1%. Conclusion: In order to correct misconceptions and promote awareness and attitudes of the population of the study about COVID-19 , it is recommended that education and information be provided through the media. The good level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the service workers - cleaning the subway towards the Covid-19 virus, had caused the incidence of coronary heart disease among them to be almost 30%. In this regard, the distribution of appropriate personal protective equipment, daily disinfection of subway stations can be effective factors in reducing the incidence of workers.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cancer patients in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L Vilela-Estrada ◽  
Juan Ambrosio-Melgarejo ◽  
Loida Esenarro-Valencia ◽  
José C Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
Fernando Lamas-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) despite being widely studied in various populations, there is still no consensus on its factor structure. Our study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in people with cancer. It involved 467 patients-diagnosed with cancer, who could read and write and were treated in a public institution specialized in cancer. It was found that HADS is best suited to a bifactorial structure where there is one general factor (emotional distress) and two specific factors (anxiety and depression). HADS proves to be invariant according to sex and years of education. It is moderately related to Beck's anxiety and depression inventory. Also, it presents acceptable levels of reliability and relationship with instruments used in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Its brevity, versatility, hospital-focused design, and extensive study make HADS a very important instrument in the detection of anxiety and depression in cancer patients.

Validity and Reliability of a Hand-Held Dynamometer with Two Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Surburg ◽  
Rory Suomi ◽  
Wendy K. Poppy
Keyword(s):  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Two Populations

scholarly journals Does the Perception of Organizational Cronyism Leads to Career Satisfaction or Frustration with Work? The Mitigating Role of Organizational Commitment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aygul Turan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The concept of organizational cronyism has been investigated to explain different concepts in<br />the literature. In this study, we aim at researching the influence of organizational cronyism on<br />organizational commitment of individuals and explain how the influence differentiates their<br />career satisfaction or frustration with work perception of individuals. Therefore, we focused<br />on government officials working in a public institution and examine their perception of<br />cronyism in the organization. Having gathered the data from 193 government officials,<br />confirmatory as well as explanatory factor analyses initially was initially conducted on the<br />scales of organizational cronyism, organizational commitment, career satisfaction and<br />frustration with work. After controlling the validity and reliability of the scales, measurement<br />model and structural model testing were carried out. Results indicated that organizational<br />commitment partially mediated the relationship between organizational cronyism and career<br />satisfaction. In addition, organizational commitment partially mediated the relationship<br />between organizational cronyism and frustration with work.</p>

Assessing Functional Language in School-Aged Children Using Language Sample Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
John Heilmann ◽  
Alexander Tucci ◽  
Elena Plante ◽  
Jon F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Computer Hardware ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
School Age ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Language Sample

Purpose The goal of this clinical focus article is to illustrate how speech-language pathologists can document the functional language of school-age children using language sample analysis (LSA). Advances in computer hardware and software are detailed making LSA more accessible for clinical use. Method This clinical focus article illustrates how documenting school-age student's communicative functioning is central to comprehensive assessment and how using LSA can meet multiple needs within this assessment. LSA can document students' meaningful participation in their daily life through assessment of their language used during everyday tasks. The many advances in computerized LSA are detailed with a primary focus on the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (Miller & Iglesias, 2019). The LSA process is reviewed detailing the steps necessary for computers to calculate word, morpheme, utterance, and discourse features of functional language. Conclusion These advances in computer technology and software development have made LSA clinically feasible through standardized elicitation and transcription methods that improve accuracy and repeatability. In addition to improved accuracy, validity, and reliability of LSA, databases of typical speakers to document status and automated report writing more than justify the time required. Software now provides many innovations that make LSA simpler and more accessible for clinical use. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12456719

What Have We Learned From Physiological Approaches to Characterizing Dysarthria and Other Speech Production Disorders?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Resolution

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists (SLP) have been trained to develop interventions based on a select number of perceptual characteristics of speech without or through minimal use of objective instrumental and physiologic assessment measures of the underlying articulatory subsystems. While indirect physiological assumptions can be made from perceptual assessment measures, the validity and reliability of those assumptions are tenuous at best. Considering that neurological damage will result in various degrees of aberrant speech physiology, the need for physiologic assessments appears highly warranted. In this context, do existing physiological measures found in the research literature have sufficient diagnostic resolution to provide distinct and differential data within and between etiological classifications of speech disorders and versus healthy controls? The goals of this paper are (a) to describe various physiological and movement-related techniques available to objectively study various dysarthrias and speech production disorders and (b) to develop an appreciation for the need for increased systematic research to better define physiologic features of dysarthria and speech production disorders and their relation to know perceptual characteristics.

Validity and Reliability of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Ida Ghaemmagham Farahani ◽  
Vahid Rashedi
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Farsi Version

Abstract. This study examines the psychometric properties of the IQCODE and its applicability in the Iranian elderly population. A group of 95 elderly patients with at least 4 years of formal education who fulfilled the criteria of DSM-IV-TR for dementia were examined by the MMSE and the AMTs. The Farsi version of the IQCODE was subsequently administered to their primary caregivers. Results showed a significant correlation ( p = .01) between the score of the questionnaire and the results of the MMSE ( r = −0.647) and AMTs ( r = −0.641). A high internal reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = 0.927) and test-retest reliability by correlation coefficient ( r = 0.81). This study found that the IQCODE has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for evaluating the cognitive state in the elderly population of Iran.

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