scholarly journals Potential Toxicity Of Some Plant Metanol Extracts Against Aedes aegepti (L). Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ernaldi Eka Nanda ◽  
Entun Santosa ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Continuous Use

Resistance is a decrease in the level of sensitivity of a pest populations that causing a previously effective pesticides becoming ineffective. This case is caused by inappropriate insecticides application, continuous use, only one type of pesticide and usage for long periods of time. There are a lot alternative source of insecticides which is more effective and environmentally friendly. One alternative source of insecticides that can be used for pest control is plants. This study aimed to determine the potential toxicity of methanol extract of N. tabacum, B. asiatica, V. zizanoides, A. indica, and T. vogelli on the mortality and development time of A. aegypti mosquito larvae. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The experiment was performed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment and 4 replication. The result showed that methanol extracts of the test material were toxic to the larvae A. aegypti with the highest the lowest toxicity were at the concentration of 0.001% i.e treatment of T. vogelli, N. tabacum, B. asiatica, A. indica, and V. zizanoides with the successive rate of mortality (45%, 65%), (37.5%, 60%), (32.5%, 50%) and (32,5%, 47.5%). Besides being toxic, the methanol extract also influenced development of A. aegypti larvae. The pH levels and the dissolved oxygen content of the tested methanol extract solution at the concentration of 0.005% in each treatment are not much different when compare with controls.

scholarly journals Potensi jamur rizosfer bawang merah dalam menekan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, penyebab penyakit busuk umbi bawang merah

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Satriyo Restu Adhi ◽  
Tarkus Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Sari. Penyakit busuk umbi yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah. Pengendalian penyakit busuk umbi yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan pengendalian biologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur asal rizosfer tanaman bawang merah yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap Foc. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada bulan November 2017 hingga Januari 2018. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri atas: (1) isolasi dari tanah rizosfer pertanaman bawang merah asal Desa Pelayangan Kabupaten Cirebon, (2) uji antagonisme secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dan (3) uji kemampuan jamur rizosfer dalam memicu perkecambahan benih bawang merah. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh 11 isolat jamur rizosfer yang terdiri atas genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, dan Trichoderma yang memiliki karakteristik mikroskopis yang berbeda satu sama lain. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan bahwa 11 isolat jamur rizosfer yang diuji memiliki sifat antagonistik dan dapat menghambat jamur Foc secara in-vitro antara 65,58% hingga 84,71%. Isolat JRC1 (Aspergillus) dan JRC6 (Paecilomyces) memiliki sifat memicu perkecambahan benih bawang merah.Kata kunci: Bawang merah ∙ Jamur antagonis rizosfer ∙ Busuk umbi ∙ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cepaeAbstract. Basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) is one of the important diseases in shallot. Biological control is one of the environmentally friendly control methods. The purpose of this research was to obtain isolates of rhizospheric fungi of shallot which were antagonistic against Foc. Research has been conducted at the Laboratory of Phytopathology Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, from November 2017 up to January 2018. The research consisted of: (1) isolation of fungi from shallot rhizosphere soil of shallot plantation located at Desa Pelayangan Cirebon, West Java, (2) in-vitro antagonistic test using a completely randomized design (CRD), and (3) test the ability of selected fungal isolates to triggering shallot seed germination. The experiment obtained 11 isolates of the antagonistic rhizospheric fungi consisted of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, and Trichoderma which have different microscopic characteristics. The results showed that antagonistic rhizospheric fungi inhibit the growth of Foc. Their inhibitions rate ranged from 65.58% to 84.71%. The isolates of JRC1 (Aspergillus) and JRC6 (Paecilomyces) were able to trigger the germination of shallot seeds.Keywords: Shallot ∙ Antagonistic rhizospheric fungi ∙ Basal rot ∙ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pestisida Biologis Bacillus Cereus dan Bacillus Megaterium. sebagai Pengendali Spodoptera litura Fabr (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indra Agastya ◽  
Aminudin Afandhi ◽  
Luqman Qurata Aini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

This research was conducted in vitro in the laboratory. Studies conducted in the Laboratory of Bacteriology Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, on the effectiveness of the bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium as biological pesticides controlling Spodoptera litura. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the bacteria Bacillus sp as biological control. Effectiveness pesticide was measured by testing the incubation period and mortality in larvae of S. litura instar 3. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), conducted observations every 6 hours until the larvae dead. The results showed that the percentage of mortality of S. litura reached 94.66% compared to the control, while the incubation time of the bacteria B. cereus cause disease until 29.84 hours. B. cereus and B. megaterium have the ability to incubate third instar larvae of S. litura up to 29.84 hours and caused the death of larvae up to 94.66%. Keywords: Biological pesticides, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, entomopatogen, Spodoptera litura

Production and nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium absorption of sword bean leaf (Canavalia gladiata) in application of rock phosphate and VAM inoculation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyimas Popi Indriani ◽  
Heryawan Kemal Mustafa ◽  
Budi Ayuningsih ◽  
Mansyur . ◽  
Ana Rochana
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Canavalia Gladiata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Sword Beans (Canavalia gladiata) have high biomass, resistant to drought, pests and diseases, high fertility and seed productivity. The research purpose was to know rock phosphate dose effect on production and nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium uptake of sword bean leaf with VAM application. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x5 factorial and repeated three times. The first factor was VAM; M0: without VAM and M1: with VAM of 10 g/bag. The second factor was rock phosphate; P0: without rock phosphate, P1: rock phosphate fertilization; 100 kg / ha, P2: 200 kg / ha, P3: 300 kg / ha and P4: 400 kg / ha. The results; dry matter and calcium absorption of sword bean leaves showed similar results for VAM and without VAM application. The nitrogen uptake of VAM inoculated plants differed significantly higher than non VAM application. In phosphorus uptake there was VAM and rock phosphate interaction.

scholarly journals Application of Riau local entomophatogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana toward brown planthopper pest and production of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Hapsoh ◽  
Desita Salbiah ◽  
Isna Rahma Dini ◽  
Widia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Attack Intensity

The decrease in rice production can be caused by pests that can damage the quality and quantity. Pests that always attack rice plants are Brown planthopper. The BPH causes several effects, namely hopperburn, as a virus vector and can cause crop failure. The control of BPHs by farmers to date is by using synthetic pesticides. The use of synthetic pesticides can cause residues, resistance, resurgence, and the destruction of natural enemies. The use of synthetic insecticides can be minimized by using environmentally friendly and sustainable control alternatives, namely by using the local entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of local Riau B. bassiana on BPH and rice production.The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Experimental Gardens, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from April to July 2020. The research was designed a completely randomized design with five treatments local entomopathogenic fungi concentrations B. bassiana 0 g.l-1 water, 10 g.l-1 water, 20 g.l-1 water, 30 g.l-1 water, 40 g.l-1 water and four replications, in order to obtain 20 experimental units. The results showed that application of Riau local B. bassiana with a concentration of 40 g.l-1 for six days was able to cause the highest mortality of 92.5%. The higher the concentration of Riau local B. bassiana, the lower the attack intensity. The attack of brown planthopper nymphs affects the quality of rice production, but did not affect the quantity of rice production.

scholarly journals Bioactivity Formulation Of Leaf Extract Of Kalanchoe pinnata And Seed Of Azadirachta indica Against Spodoptera litura

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hedi Paramita ◽  
Lindung Tri Puspasari ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Rika Meliansyah ◽  
Danar Dono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
And Control

The aim of this research is to know the most effective concentration of liquid formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract 50 EC and Azadirachta indica seed extract 50 EC against S. litura. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Enviromental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The concentration were tested of each formulation were 1%, 2%, 3 %, 4%,and control.  The experiment arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The results showed that the formulation of A. indica seed extract 50 EC at concentration of 2%, 3%, and 4% effective against S. Litura larvae with mortality of 76.7%, 86.7, and 93.3%  This formulation also causing a decrease in feeding activity, weight, and lenghten the development time of S.litura larvae. Unlike the case with liquid formulations of K. pinnata 50 EC extract which was less toxic and did not show significant differences in feed intake, weight of larvae, and development time of larvae compared control treatment.                Keywords: Toxicity, mortality, growth dearragement, botanical insecticide.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Alkaline Pretreatment and Acetic Acid Hydrolysis on the Characteristics of Collagen from Fish Skin of Snakehead

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulandari Wulandari ◽  
Pipih Suptijah
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Collagen Protein ◽  
Sheet Structure ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Β Sheet

<p>Fish skin is one of marine byproducts potential for alternative source of collagen. This study<br />investigated the effectiveness of alkaline and acetic acid pretreatment on the characteristics of<br />collagen from skin snakehead fish. The concentrations of alkaline pretreatment were 0.05; 0.1; 0.15<br />and 0.2 M for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours, acetic acid concentrations were 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.15 M and<br />0.2 M for 1 and 2 hours. The experimental design used for alkaline and acetic acid pretreatment<br />was factorial completely randomized design. The result showed that the concentration of alkaline<br />0.05 M for 6 hours have significant effect on the elimination of non-collagen protein (p&lt;0.05),<br />whereas for the optimum acetic acid at a concentration 0.1 M for 2 hours significantly different<br />on solubility and swelling. Extraction yields of collagen was 16%, with characteristics of whiteness<br />66.67%, protein content 96.21%, viscosity 10 cP, Tmax 159.9oC and glass transition temperature<br />78.55oC. The dominant amino acid composition were glycine (27.11%), proline (13.87%) and<br />alanine (12.58%). Functional groups collagen from skin snakehead fish has β-sheet structure<br />which is a characteristic of collagen.</p>

scholarly journals Uji Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Terhadap Larva Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G Siahaya ◽  
Ria Y Rumthe
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Contact Poison

Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the major pests on chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). It damage the  2-6 week old plants. Larvae damage  crops by biting, chewing and then eating the lower surface of the leaves. The leaves will become transparent white, severe damage leaves behind only leaf bone. Papaya leaf (Carica papaya) could be used as a pesticide for crops because it contains substances that can inhibit eating even to kill insects pests. The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy of  the papaya leaf extract against Plutella xylostella. The study was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Pests Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University. The design used was a completely randomized design with four papaya leaf extract concentration at 3 instar larvae through the  contact and stomach poison test. Observations were made on the early symptoms of poisoning, the percentage of larval mortality, and further Plutella xylostella stadium. The results showed that the highest mortality in the treatment of stomach and contact poison was occured at a concentration of 40 g/100 ml of water by 100%, while the lowest mortality at a concentration of 10 g / 100 ml of water, respectively by 35% and 20%.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR LEMAK BIJI HOTONG (Sertica italica (L.) Beauv) DENGAN LAMA WAKTU PENYIMPANAN DI KABUPATEN BURU SELATAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Christina Namarubessy ◽  
Ali Awan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Storage Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Long Storage

Background: Hotong seeds are a growing and fertile plant on Buru Island and have been exploited by local people as an alternative source of carbohydrates. However, its utilization is still very simple as a result of not knowing the pattern of utilization in other form. Hotong seeds are the smallest cereal seeds weighing 15.2 kg each. Hotong seeds have the highest nutrient content, diameter hot seeds at the base of the larger than the tip and center. The color of seeds are varied hot yellow, brownish and red. Method: This study was an experimental study using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with long storage treatment (0, 6, 8, and 12 months). Each treatment was repeated three times. The parameters observed were fat content in hotong seeds. Analysis of fat content using descriptive analysis method. Results: The results showed that the fat content of Hotong seeds of Waelo Village differed in control and on each treatment of storage duration. In the control of low fat content of 3.3591%, fat content increased in storage of 6 months and 8 months that is 3.5491% and 3.7242% and then decreased at 12 months ie 3.9322%, where from each treatment fat content the highest was obtained at 12 months storage treatment. Conclusion: There are different amounts of fat content in Hotong seeds of Waelo Village on the controls as well as on any storage treatment duration.

scholarly journals PROFIL KUALITATIF KOMPONEN EKSTRAK KUNYIT PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PROFIL HEMATOLOGI MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI Salmonella typhimurium

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Novita Primawati, Dwi Soelistya D Dan Lalu Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Herbal Plant

ABSTRAKCurcuma zedoaria merupakan tanaman herbal yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai sebagaiantikanker, analgesik, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Namun, uji klinis yang memanfaatkanC. zedoaria untuk mencegah dan mengobati penyakit-penyakit infeksi belum banyakdilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kualitatif ekstrak kunyit putih danpengaruhnya terhadap profil hematologi mencit Balb/c (M. musculus) yang diinfeksi S.typhimurium. Mencit diberikan ekstrak kunyit putih selama 7 hari, pada hari ke 7 diinfeksi S.typhimurium pada bagian intraperitonial. Pengamatan profil hematologi dilakukan pada harike 0 (sebelum pemberian perlakuan), hari ke 7, hari ke 10 dan hari ke 13. Penelitian inidirancang dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisisdengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan (p<0,05) dariperlakuan terhadap proliferasi leukosit mencit Balb/c dengan waktu pengamatan, macamperlakuan (saline, ekstrak kunyit putih, ekstrak kunyit putih dan infeksi S. typhimurium,infeksi S. typhimurium saja) dan interaksinya. Tidak ditemukan pengaruh yang signifikan dariperlakuan terhadap proliferasi eritrosit (p>0,05) baik dari segi waktu pengamatan, jenisperlakuan maupun interaksi keduanya. KLT dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil kualitatifkomponen ekstrak metanol kunyit. Diperoleh 5 noda dengan warna hijau berpendar, dengannilai Rf 0,224; 0,346; 0,644; 0,832; dan 0,879, secara berturut turut untuk masing faksi A, B,C, D, dan E.Kata Kunci: Imunomodulator, Ekstrak Kunyit Putih, S. typhimurium, Hematologi,Profil kualitatif.ABSTRACTCurcuma zedoaria is an herbal plant that has been widely used as anticancer, analgesic, antiinflammatory,and antioxidants. However, clinical trials utilizing C. zedoaria to prevent andtreat infectious diseases has not been much done. This study aims to determine the qualitativeprofile of white turmeric extract and its effect on hematological profile of mice Balb/c (M.musculus) infected with S. typhimurium. Mice were treated with a white turmeric extract for 7days, on day 7 infected with S. typhimurium in the intraperitonial. Observation on hematologyprofile performed on day 0 (before administration of treatment), day 7, day 10 and day 13.The study was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD), then the data wereanalyzed with ANOVA. Results of this study showed a significant (p <0.05) effect oftreatment on the leukocyte proliferation of mice Balb / c with the time of observation, rangeof treatment (saline, white turmeric extract, turmeric extract white and S. typhimuriuminfection, infection with S. typhimurium alone) and interactions. There was no signifinateffect of treatment on the proliferation of erythrocytes (p> 0.05) in terms of the time ofobservation, type of treatment and its interaction. TLC was done to determine the qualitative profile component of the methanol extract of turmeric white. Five green fluorescent spotswere observed with Rf values of with Rf values of 0.224, 0.346, 0.644, 0.832, 0.879 forfaction A, B, C, D and E, respectively.Keywords: Immunomodulators, White turmeric extract, S. typhimurium, Hematology,qualitative profile.

scholarly journals “SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poir TERHADAP KADAR β-KAROTEN DAN DAYA TERIMA CAKE LABU KUNING”

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Frederika Pellu Dimu ◽  
Andriani Rafael ◽  
Sonya T.M Nge
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
A Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACTPumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poir ) is one of the vegetables that is rich in β-carotene as a precursor of vitamin A and has a fairly high carbohydrate content. Pumpkin processing can be done to produce various kinds of products, one of which is cake. Cake is a baked dough and liquid dough made from flour, sugar, salt, ingredients, shortening, milk, eggs, and aroma enhancer. This study aims to determine the levels of β-carotene contained in pumpkin cake and to determine the acceptability of β-carotene in pumpkin cake. This research is an experimental research. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 1 control 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The research phase consisted of making flour and making cake. Data collection methods include organoleptic tests and β-carotene tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance / ANOVA to determine differences in quality, and if there is an influence then proceed with the Tukey test. Organoleptic test results show that the best treatment of pumpkin cake in terms of color is A1 with a value of 3.88, in terms of aroma namely A0 with a value of 3.92, in terms of texture is A0 with a value of 4.28 and in terms of taste is A0 with value of 4.16. As for the β-carotene test, the treatment of pumpkin cake with the highest β-carotene content was found in A4 with an average of 0.262 and the lowest level was in A0 with an average of 0.018. Based on research data, pumpkin flour is worthy of being used as an alternative source of flour because the resulting cake meets SNI quality standards both in terms of color, taste, aroma, texture and β-carotene content.Keywords : Cake, Pumpkin, β-Carotene, Organoleptic

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