scholarly journals Explication of Concept THOUGHT in Epic Formulas Olonkho “Ala Bulkun” T. V. Zakharova-Chebiy

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Borisov

A study of epic formulas that explicate variations of the concept THOUGHT in the olonkho text of the narrator T. V. Zakharova-Chebiy “Ala Bulkun”, which refers to the early (pre-revolutionary) records of the Yakut epic, is carried out. The results of a conceptual analysis of variations of the concept THOUGHT, which, according to the author's observations, are formed during the functioning of the lexemes sanaa ‘thought’ (39 formulas) and tolkuy ‘thought, idea, consideration, reflection’ (7 formulas), taking into account the general context of epic formulas are presented in the article. It has been established that the concept THOUGHT, as a prototype that reveals the greatest number of characteristics, underlies the formation of the following concept-variations derived from it: ANGRY THOUGHTS, BOLD THOUGHTS, REFLECTION, INTENTION, LIGHTNESS, BAD THOUGHTS, HEAVY THOUGHTS, HURRY THOUGHTS and THOUGHTS ABOUT LOVE. It has been established that conceptual information can also come from the general context of an epic formula without a representative lexeme. It was revealed that the studied concepts carry an axiological load and serve to reveal the images of epic characters. According to the author, the estimated value of the concepts under consideration, in addition to the cognitive function itself, is also one of the factors contributing to the stability of the epic formula.

Author(s):  
Lyndsie M. Koon ◽  
Robert J. Brustad ◽  
Megan Babkes Stellino

Physical activity participation is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that can be utilized to maintain and improve cognitive function in aging adults. Although simple physical activities yield positive results in regards to cognitive function, cognitively and motorically complex physical activities may have an even greater benefit on neuroplasticity for older adults. Commercially available products such as physical activity apps or exergames offer this population a means to engage in regular physical activity on their own. However, a taxonomy is necessary to help distinguish simpler physical activities from more complex physical activities. The taxonomy proposed in this paper carefully considers the following characteristics: the stability or transport of the body, object manipulation, intertrial variability, the environmental context and the reaction or to others. The dimensions of the taxonomy are operationally defined and practical applications are provided.


2020 ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Y. P. Borisov

The article provides a comparative analysis of epic formulas from the Shor epic with similar constructions from the Yakut olonkho formed on the basis of rhythmic and syntactic parallelism. The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify the degree of interconnection between the Yakut olonkho and the Shor epic at the level of epic formulas, which still remains outside the field of view of researchers. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that when sampling material from the Yakut epic, the author is not limited to examples from the same olonkho text, but uses a more varied approach and involves formulas from several texts. In the analysis of epic formulas, the main focus is on keywords, as well as on the general context of the peripheral components of stable constructions. As a result of the study, it is established that the analyzed examples are universals in which the uniformity of the structure and the commonality of the content are viewed. According to the author of the article, these universals are the result of a common origin and culture of peoples. It is concluded that the patterns of rhythmic-syntactic parallelism are preserved due to the stability of epic formulas and indicate a genetic relationship between the Yakut olonkho and the Shor epic.


2018 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
О. А. Ільчук ◽  

If many scientific researches are devoted to the study of lexical and grammatical concepts, then the question of the word-building concept has not been adequately researched in linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to provide a definition and outline the specifics of the word-building concept, to present the possible typology of word-building concepts on the example of a group of suffixal nouns of modern German with metonymic component. The material of the study is about 3.600 lexical-semantic variants of suffixal nouns of modern German, with the aim of studying word-building concepts, the method of conceptual analysis is used. Under the word-building concept we understand the information structure that contains the conceptual information of the word-building level about the sets of conceptual elements, conceptual structures and schemes used by the subject when creating or using derivative words. The subject has conceptual information of the word-building level about word-building suffixes with a certain meaning, possible derivative units, models of their combination (word-building and cognitive models) and can use during the conceptualization information structures of different types. The bearers of wordbuilding concepts are derived units, and the word-building concept is a morphological concept that consists of concepts of derivative morpheme and of suffix and is subjected to a lexical concept. Word-building concepts of derived nouns are, for example, OBJECT OR OBJECT AS RESULT OF ACTION, PERSON FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, RESULT OF ACTION, PLACE FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION, where the first part of the name of the word-building concept corresponds to morphological concept of suffixal morpheme (SUBJECT, PERSON, RESULT, PLACE), and the second part is the morphological concept of a derivative morpheme (AS THE RESULT OF ACTION, FOR RESIDENCE OR STAY, OF ACTION, FOR EXECUTABLE ACTION). In general, derived nouns with suffixal formant represent word-building concepts that belong to the group of concepts BEING AND HUMAN ACTIVITY (46 % ), OBJECT (27 % ), PERSON (22 % ), PLACE (4 % ), PLANTS AND ANIMALS (1 % ). Further study of the word-building concept should be continued, in our opinion, by involving other groups of word-building units, including complex ones, which will clarify the proposed definition of word-building concept and establish clear criteria for the separation of word-building concepts.


2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2b) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emylucy Martins Paiva Paradela ◽  
Claudia de Souza Lopes ◽  
Roberto Alves Lourenço

The study' goal was to evaluate the reliability of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination Revised-Brazilian version (Br-CAMCOG-R), a neuropsychological battery measuring the global cognitive function. It was applied on 123 elders and retested at a mean interval of 30.7 days; 60 were evaluated by two raters at the same time. The intraclass coefficient for the set of items and for the subscales varied from 0.93 to 0.98. In the retests the agreement was nearly perfect for the set of items. There was no expressive range in the stability of the instrument for sex, age, schooling, or for the presence of dementia. The Cronbach' alpha of the set of items of the test was high (0.89). The Br-CAMCOG-R has obtained a high level of stability with time, agreement among raters, and optimum internal consistency; it can be useful for epidemiological studies and in specialized clinics to evaluate cognitive functions in elders.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Eddy ◽  
Hugh E. Rickards ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna

Effective treatment of epilepsy depends on medication compliance across a lifetime, and studies indicate that drug tolerability is a significant limiting factor in medication maintenance. Available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have the potential to exert detrimental effects on cognitive function and therefore compromise patient wellbeing. On the other hand, some agents may serve to enhance cognitive function. In this review paper, we highlight the range of effects on cognition linked to a variety of newer and older AEDs, encompassing key alterations in both specific executive abilities and broader neuropsychological functions. Importantly, the data reviewed suggest that the effects exerted by an AED could vary depending on both patient characteristics and drug-related variables. However, there are considerable difficulties in evaluating the available evidence. Many studies have failed to investigate the influence of patient and treatment variables on cognitive functioning. Other difficulties include variation across studies in relation to design, treatment group and assessment tools, poor reporting of methodology and poor specification of the cognitive abilities assessed. Focused and rigorous experimental designs including a range of cognitive measures assessing more precisely defined abilities are needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge and follow up reported patterns in the literature. Longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of the influence of factors such as age, tolerance and the stability of cognitive effects. Future trials comparing the effects of commonly prescribed agents across patient subgroups will offer critical insight into the role of patient characteristics in determining the cognitive impact of particular AEDs.


Author(s):  
Bagatska O.V. ◽  
Kozlova V.V.

The purpose of the article is to study the role of negation in the representation of the concept BALANCE in the modern American stories. The methods of component, contextual-interpretative and conceptual analysis are employed.Results. It was found out that the linguistic reflection of the concept BALANCE is determined by one’s sensorimotor experience, which includes pre-conceptual ideas about the balance of the body, and can be represented by lexical and grammatical means, one of which is negation. It was revealed that the negation reflects a certain value conflict in the mind of the characters in the stories studied, the inconsistency of the obtained information to the system of knowledge about the world they acquired. Regarding the fact that the loss of balance is the result of force, which disrupts the stability of the human condition, we correlated the negations with force gestalts, which were used to model the personages’ balance loss. The result of balance loss is a deviation from the VERTICAL, which is correlated with the deviation from the norm, because, firstly, any violation is considered as non-compliance with a certain norm, and secondly, having a general context of opposition as a basis, negation signals about non-compliance with the expected real. Thus, the role of negation as a means of expression of the studied concept is to reveal the physical, psychological and social perspectives of the image of the character in the modern American stories.Conclusions. Negations are correlated with the description of the physiological, emotional states of the characters and their social status, which determines the type of the lost balance. Negative adjectives in parallel with nouns are the skeleton elements of the text, which we interpret as the main carriers of information about balance loss of the characters in the stories analyzed. The convergence of negations as a means of balance loss representation in small passages of the stories creates the effect of a gradual, however, total loss of balance and characterizes the described situation as desperate. Thus, the concept BALANCE in the studied prose is actualized in dynamics, due to the development of the personages’ images, which are characterized by the initial balance and its loss. Метою статті є дослідження ролі заперечення в репрезентації концепту РІВНОВАГА в сучасних американських оповіда-ннях, здійснене за допомогою методів компонентного, контекстуально-інтерпретативного та концептуального аналізу.Результати. Виявлено, що мовне відображення концепту РІВНОВАГА детермінується сенсомоторним досвідом людини, який включає передконцептуальні уявлення про рівновагу тіла, і полягає в його позначенні лексичними та граматичними засобами, одним із яких є заперечення. З’ясовано, що заперечення відображає певний ціннісний конфлікт у свідомості персо-нажа, невідповідність отриманої інформації системі знання про світ, що пов’язано з ментальними уявленнями про істину, які є частиною ядерних понять про власне місце й роль у природі та суспільстві. З огляду на те, що втрата рівноваги є результатом силового впливу, який порушує стабільність стану людини, ми співвіднесли заперечення із силовими гештальтами, за допо-могою яких змоделювали порушення рівноваги персонажів. Результатом утрати рівноваги є відхилення від ВЕРТИКАЛІ, яке співвідноситься з відхиленням від норми, оскільки, по-перше, будь-яке порушення розглядаємо як невідповідність певній нормі, а по-друге, маючи загальний контекст протиставлення як підґрунтя, заперечення сигналізує про невідповідність очі-куваного реальному. Отже, роль заперечення як засобу вираження досліджуваного концепту полягає в розкритті фізичного, психічного та соціального ракурсів образу персонажа в сучасних американських оповіданнях.Висновки. Заперечення співвідносяться з описом фізіологічних, емоційних станів персонажів та їхнього соціального ста-тусу, що зумовлює різновид втраченої рівноваги. Заперечні прикметники паралельно з іменниками є опорними елементами тексту, які ми тлумачимо як головні носії інформації про порушення рівноваги. Конвергенція заперечень як засобу позна-чення дисбалансу в невеликих за обсягом уривках оповідань створює ефект поступової, проте тотальної утрати рівноваги, а також характеризує описану ситуацію як безнадійну. Таким чином, концепт РІВНОВАГА представлений у досліджуваній прозі в динаміці внаслідок розвитку образів персонажів, яким властиві початкова рівновага та її порушення.


Author(s):  
Іrina Boyko

The article highlights the actual aspects of the interpretation of the notion of computation, competence, their use and priority directions of diagnostics of the components of professional competence of the teacher. The analysis of modern works on the competencies and competence as a multidirectional and variety of their characteristics is proved, which testifies to the very large complexity of their measurement and evaluation; an attempt was made to find ways to solve this urgent problem, which is connected with the improvement of the quality of education in the general context of its humanization. The aim is to highlight the individual professional qualities of the teacher: the general orientation of the motivational sphere, the degree of manifestation of a personal sense of professional freedom and abilities. these problems are coverage from the position of J. Raven and his emphasis on motivation and values of the individual. The role of the acmeological orientation of the individual is emphasized as an important factor in achieving pedagogical success. The acmeological orientation acts as a personal potential, which is a component of the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. The concept of personal potential has been developed in his works by D.O. Leontev and is interpreted as the ability of the individual to maintain the stability of activity under the influence of external conditions. An attempt has been made to gauge their specificity more deeply with the help of the Rorschach method. The general tendency is highlighted concerning the peculiarities of the study of the general orientation of the motivational sphere, the degree of manifestation of the personal feeling of professional freedom and abilities, which, in our opinion, is that it is relatively autonomous and its meaning lies in the field of determining the state and trends of the functioning of professional freedom, in general. Further searches are seen in solving the problem of developing effective methods for the professional diagnosis of the competence of educators in education and the creation of a continuous experimental system, which learns on the basis of own samples and errors, corrects its actions and initiates the forms of activity.


1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.


1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fukushima

AbstractBy using the stability condition and general formulas developed by Fukushima (1998 = Paper I) we discovered that, just as in the case of the explicit symmetric multistep methods (Quinlan and Tremaine, 1990), when integrating orbital motions of celestial bodies, the implicit symmetric multistep methods used in the predictor-corrector manner lead to integration errors in position which grow linearly with the integration time if the stepsizes adopted are sufficiently small and if the number of corrections is sufficiently large, say two or three. We confirmed also that the symmetric methods (explicit or implicit) would produce the stepsize-dependent instabilities/resonances, which was discovered by A. Toomre in 1991 and confirmed by G.D. Quinlan for some high order explicit methods. Although the implicit methods require twice or more computational time for the same stepsize than the explicit symmetric ones do, they seem to be preferable since they reduce these undesirable features significantly.


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