NEOPTERIN DAN PEROKSIDA SERUM SEBAGAI PETANDA MAKROFAG TERAKTIVASI PADA TUBERKULOSIS PARU AKTIF DAN INDIVIDU BERKEBAHAYAAN TINGGI (Serum Neopterin and Peroxide As Marker of Activated Macrophages on Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Individuals At High Risk)

Failure of macrophages to phagocytize Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the release of hydrogen peroxide/peroxide (H2O2) bythe activated macrophages. Neopterin is one of the most important markers in the activated macrophages. Neopterin is a pteridinederivative produced by the activated macrophages through the stimulation of interferon gamma. Increased levels of Neopterin has beenreported in lung tuberculosis. Activation of macrophages is essential to the development of tuberculosis infection that can lead to activepulmonary tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis, in this case is a high-risk for healthy individuals. To determine the differences in serumlevels of Neopterin and H2O2 between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals at high risk of pulmonarytuberculosis. A total of 15 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 healthy individuals at high risk examination serumNeopterin levels and peroxide (H2O2). Active pulmonary tuberculosis patients when the results of sputum smear examination chest x-raysis obtained positive results. Healthy individuals at high risk when the results of smear examination and chest x-rays is negative. Thelevel of Neopterin was examined using a double antibody sandwich immunoassay with Human neopterin (NEOP) ELISA Kit ® BioassayTechnology Laboratory. The level of peroxide was examined using quantitative colorimetric peroxidedetermination with QuantiChromTMPeroxide Assay Kit (DIOX-250)®. Neopterin serum levels between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individualsat high-risk were analysed by independent samples t-test. H2O2 serum levels between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis andhealthy individuals at high-risk were analysed with Mann Whitney Test. The confidence level is p <0.05. The mean Neopterin levelsin patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was 5.17±4.64 nmol/L, the mean Neopterin levels in group of healthy individuals athigh risk was 3.97±1.79 nmol/L. Statistical analysis by the independent samples t-test found no significant differences between groupsin Neopterin serum levels of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals at high risk (p=0.357). The meanserum levels of H2O2 of group of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was 26.38±3.00 μM, the mean levels of H2O2of group ofhealthy individuals at high risk of 20.69±4.46 μM. Statistical analysis with non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test was found significantdifference in the peroxide (H2O2) levels between groups of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and group of healthy individualat high-risk (p=0.000). The levels of Neopterin in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was not significantly higher comparedto the healthy individuals of high risk. Levels of peroxide (H2O2) serum in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was significantlyhigher compared to the group of healthy individuals at high risk. This shows that there is increased activity of macrophages in patientswith active pulmonary tuberculosis, but not effective in eliminating of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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SERUM LEVELS OF ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASE

Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) ◽

10.5272/jimab.2020264.3449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 3449-3451

Author(s):

Irena I. Gencheva ◽

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Inflammatory Lung Disease ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels are used to diagnose tuberculosis and to monitor the condition of the patients during hospital treatment. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to establish the diagnostic value of serum ADA in patients with inflammatory lung disease, including pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and methods: We measured ADA levels in 66 patients with lung disease, of whom 33 were men and 33 were women, all aged 18 to 86 years. Among the patients studied, 12 were diagnosed with tuberculosis, 34 with bacterial pneumonia and 20 with pleural effusion. Results: We found that the serum ADA levels in our patients were higher than 18 U / l, which are the recommended upper limit in healthy people, according to the test performed by our laboratory. ADA levels were also higher than 21 U / l, the value we defined as the mean in healthy individuals in our previous study. Conclusion: Based on our study, we can say that serum ADA levels in the patients we have studied with lung diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis, have a high diagnostic value.

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Serum Levels and α1-Antitrypsin Phenotypes in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s000156600001028x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 97-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Fertakis ◽

A. Archimandritis ◽

A. Tsourapas ◽

D. Douratsos ◽

B. Angelopoulos

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mean Value ◽

Radial Immunodiffusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Starch Gel ◽

The Mean

α1-at phenotypes and serum levels were studied in 100 Greek patients of pulmonary TBC by starch-gel electrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion. The mean value of α1-at (315 ± 77) was significantly lower (p < 0.005) than in the control group. An attempt is made to explain this finding based on the α1-at phenotypes distribution in the TBC patients.

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Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽

Akram Hadi Hamza

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Control Group ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

The Mean ◽

Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

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Clinical and radiographic features of HIV-related pulmonary tuberculosis according to the level of immunosuppression

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822007000600004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 622-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Guilherme Freire Garcia ◽

Alexandre Sampaio Moura ◽

Cid Sérgio Ferreira ◽

Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Radiographic Features ◽

Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽

The Mean ◽

Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽

Primary Pattern

Medical charts and radiographs from 38 HIV-infected patients with positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage were reviewed in order to compare the clinical, radiographic, and sputum bacilloscopy characteristics of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4). The mean age of the patients was 32 years and 76% were male. The median CD4 was 106 cells/mm³ and 71% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm³. Sputum bacilloscopy was positive in 45% of the patients. Patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mm³ showed significantly less post-primary pattern (7% vs. 63%; p = 0.02) and more frequently reported weight loss (p = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, patients with lower CD4 showed lower positivity of sputum bacilloscopy (37% vs. 64%; p = 0.18). HIV-infected patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis had a high proportion of non-post-primary pattern in thoracic radiographs. Patients with CD4 lower than 200 cells/mm³ showed post-primary patterns less frequently and reported weight loss more frequently.

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: When to Consider Coinfection with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2019/4618413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ruslan Garcia

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

The United States ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of hospitalizations in adults. In the United States, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently identified bacterial pathogen responsible for CAP. Other etiologic pathogens of CAP vary based on the geographic region. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of CAP in the United States, while it is a principal cause in many African and Asian countries. Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare and has only been reported in the setting of underlying HIV infection in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence. Here, we report a case of CAP in the absence of HIV, where Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified on admission and delay in diagnosis of concomitant active pulmonary tuberculosis led to inappropriate isolation. In addition to a high index of suspicion, epidemiologic and radiographic findings can be helpful to recognize tuberculosis as a cause of CAP even when other pathogens have already been identified.

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The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species on apoptosis and necroptosis state of macrophages derived from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-05256-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Budi Yanti ◽

Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Harapan Harapan ◽

Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Tuberculosis Complex ◽

Complex Species ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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Relative value of serum cytokines and clinical factors in predicting weight loss in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.208 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 208-208

Author(s):

D. R. Fogelman ◽

X. S. Wang ◽

M. Hassan ◽

D. Li ◽

M. M. Javle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

High Risk ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Mean Values ◽

Cytokine Analysis ◽

Predict Weight Loss ◽

The Mean

208 Background: The identification of PC patients at high risk for cachexia may allow for early intervention to prevent this outcome. Symptoms such as pain, nausea, and anorexia might predict weight loss. Likewise, inflammatory cytokines are also associated with cachexia. We evaluated the ability of each to predict weight loss in patients beginning treatment for PC. Methods: We evaluated 44 newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic PC patients for baseline symptomatology via the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). This survey assesses symptom severity, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pain, diarrhea, and constipation, on a 1-10 scale. Baseline serum levels of IL-1a, IL-1b, IGF-1, CXCL-12, CXCL-16, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, CEA, and CA 19-9 were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for the association of different parameters with 10% weight loss at 60 days from treatment initiation. Student t-test was used to compare the mean values across different strata. Results: A weight loss of >10% was observed in 15 patients (34%). Only the use of mild (but not strong) opioids was associated with weight loss; estimated OR = 6.2 (C.I. 1.2-31.9, p=.03). No association was observed for the MDASI parameters. Baseline levels of cytokines were available for 23 patients. We observed significant differences in the mean values of CXCL-16 (p=.05) and IL-6 (p=.045) in patients with weight loss as compared to those without weight loss. Moreover, serum level of erythropoietin may be negatively associated with weight loss (p=0.06). Conclusions: Alterations in serum cytokine levels may correlate more strongly with cachexia than clinical symptoms and underscore the importance of cytokine analysis in identifying PC patients at high risk for cachexia. [Table: see text]

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