High-Precision Atmospheric 14CO2 Measurement at the Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn C Turnbull ◽  
Albert Zondervan ◽  
Johannes Kaiser ◽  
Margaret Norris ◽  
Jenny Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Uncertainty Factor ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Intercomparison Exercises ◽  
The University

This article describes a new capability for high-precision 14C measurement of CO2 from air at the Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, GNS Science, New Zealand. We evaluate the short-term within-wheel repeatability and long-term between-wheel repeatability from measurements of multiple aliquots of control materials sourced from whole air. Samples are typically measured to 650,000 14C counts, providing a nominal accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) statistical uncertainty of 1.3‰. No additional uncertainty is required to explain the within-wheel variability. An additional uncertainty factor is needed to explain the long-term repeatability spanning multiple measurement wheels, bringing the overall repeatability to 1.8‰, comparable to other laboratories measuring air materials to high precision. This additional uncertainty factor appears to be due to variability in the measured 14C content of OxI primary standard targets, likely from the combustion process. We observe an offset of 1.4‰ in our samples relative to those measured by the University of Colorado INSTAAR, comparable to interlaboratory offsets observed in recent intercomparison exercises.

Athletes Play Through Pain—What Does That Mean for Rehabilitation Specialists?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Barrette ◽  
Katherine Harman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Sport Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
And Training ◽  
Insight Into

Context: Pain in sport has been normalized to the point where athletes are expected to ignore pain and remain in the game despite the possible detrimental consequences associated with playing through pain. While rehabilitation specialists may not have an influence on an athlete’s competitive nature or the culture of risk they operate in, understanding the consequences of those factors on an athlete’s physical well-being is definitely in their area of responsibility. Objective: To explore the factors associated with the experiences of subelite athletes who play through pain in gymnastics, rowing, and speed skating. Design: The authors conducted semistructured interviews with subelite athletes, coaches, and rehabilitation specialists. They recruited coach participants through their provincial sport organization. Athletes of the recruited coaches who were recovering from a musculoskeletal injury and training for a major competition were then recruited. They also recruited rehabilitation specialists who were known to treat subelite athletes independently by e-mail. Setting: An observation session was conducted at the athlete’s training facility. Interviews were then conducted either in a room at the university or at a preferred sound-attenuated location suggested by the participant. Participants: The authors studied 5 coaches, 4 subelite athletes, and 3 rehabilitation specialists. Interventions: The authors photographed athletes during a practice shortly before an important competition, and we interviewed all the participants after that competition. Our photographs were used during the interview to stimulate discussion. Results: The participant interviews revealed 3 main themes related to playing through pain. They are: Listening to your body, Decision making, and Who decides. Conclusion: When subelite athletes, striving to be the best in their sport continue to train with the pain of an injury, performance is affected in the short-term and long-term consequences are also possible. Our study provides some insight into the contrasting forces that athletes balance as they decide to continue or to stop.

Long-Term Orientation and Earnings Management Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Haga ◽  
Fredrik Huhtamäki ◽  
Dennis Sundvik
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Earnings Benchmarks ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate how country-level long-term orientation affects managers' willingness to engage in earnings management and choice of earnings management strategy. Using a comprehensive dataset of 47 countries for the period from 2003 to 2015, we find that firms in long-term-oriented cultures rely relatively more on earnings management through accruals, while firms in short-term-oriented cultures engage in relatively more real earnings management. Furthermore, we find a larger discontinuity around earnings benchmarks in long-term-oriented cultures suggesting that manipulation of accruals enables benchmark beating with high precision. JEL Classifications: M14; M16; M21; M41.

scholarly journals More science with less: evaluation of a 3D-printed weather station

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4699-4713
Author(s):  
Adam Theisen ◽  
Max Ungar ◽  
Bryan Sheridan ◽  
Bradley G. Illston
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oklahoma Mesonet ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
The University

Abstract. A weather station built using 3D-printed parts and low-cost sensors, based on plans and guidance provided by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 3D-Printed Automatic Weather Station Initiative, was deployed alongside an Oklahoma Mesonet station to compare its performance against standard commercial sensors and determine the longevity and durability of the system. Temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and precipitation measurements were collected over an 8-month field deployment in Norman, Oklahoma. Measurements were comparable to the commercial sensors except for wind direction, which proved to be problematic. Longevity and durability of the system varied, as some sensors and 3D-printed components failed during the deployment. Overall, results show that these low-cost sensors are comparable to the more expensive commercial counterparts and could serve as viable alternatives for researchers and educators with limited resources for short-term deployments. Long-term deployments are feasible with proper maintenance and regular replacement of sensors and 3D-printed components.

THE ORIGIN OF SOME VARVES IN TORONTO, CANADA

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emery Zoltan Lajtai
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

A section of varved clays exposed by excavations for the University–Bloor–Danforth Subway in Toronto is described. The individual varves are noted, in general, for such irregular features as erosional structures, poor sorting and grading, sublaminations, and angular fragments of unconsolidated material scattered in the coarse-grained layer. The most characteristic property of an individual varve is the sorting and grading of the coarse-grained layer. On this basis three groups can be distinguished: graded, complex, and diamictic varved clays. Deposition from a special type of turbidity current, the meltwater bottomflow, offers the best explanation for the origin of these varves. The deposition of complex varves, which are the typical varves of the section, probably takes place from continuous meltwater bottomflows that vary in sediment load. Because of the continuity of meltwater currents, sedimentation occurs under the influence of three independent but overlapping processes: settling from a graded suspension, addition of coarse sediments rolled along the bottom, and deposition from a uniform clay suspension. Complex varve structures and textures reflect variations in the coarse sediment load that is ultimately controlled by short-term (commonly diurnal) and long-term temperature variations (chiefly seasonal) affecting the rate of melting at the glacier and consequently the discharge and competence of meltwater currents. The deposition of graded and diamictic varved clays, on the other hand, probably takes place from either single overflows or single bottomflows.

scholarly journals Comparison of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) analyzers for high-precision measurements of atmospheric mole fractions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lebegue ◽  
Martina Schmidt ◽  
Michel Ramonet ◽  
Benoit Wastine ◽  
Camille Yver Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

Abstract. Over the last few decades, in situ measurements of atmospheric N2O mole fractions have been performed using gas chromatographs (GCs) equipped with electron capture detectors. This technique, however, becomes very challenging when trying to detect the small variations of N2O as the detectors are highly nonlinear and the GCs at remote stations require a considerable amount of maintenance by qualified technicians to maintain good short-term and long-term repeatability. With new robust optical spectrometers now available for N2O measurements, we aim to identify a robust and stable analyzer that can be integrated into atmospheric monitoring networks, such as the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). In this study, we present the most complete comparison of N2O analyzers, with seven analyzers that were developed and commercialized by five different companies. Each instrument was characterized during a time period of approximately 8 weeks. The test protocols included the characterization of the short-term and long-term repeatability, drift, temperature dependence, linearity and sensitivity to water vapor. During the test period, ambient air measurements were compared under field conditions at the Gif-sur-Yvette station. All of the analyzers showed a standard deviation better than 0.1 ppb for the 10 min averages. Some analyzers would benefit from improvements in temperature stability to reduce the instrument drift, which could then help in reducing the frequency of calibrations. For most instruments, the water vapor correction algorithms applied by companies are not sufficient for high-precision atmospheric measurements, which results in the need to dry the ambient air prior to analysis.

scholarly journals Specifics of Sex Life and Methods of Birth Control Among Students at the University of Osijek

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Bosnić ◽  
Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić ◽  
Mile Volarić ◽  
Antonio Lozić ◽  
Domagoj Vučić
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to define specifics of sex life and methods of birth control among students at the University of Osijek. Participants were students who study at Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. A newly formed questionnaire containing 31 questions was used for this purpose. The study included 549 voluntarily students, 54.3% of students had first sexual experience between 16 and 18 years of age. Most of them were long-term couples, who are managing better with sexual activities then students in short-term relationships, who are more stressed because of their studies. When it comes to the type of contraceptives, 71, 9 % of students used some of birth control methods, and most common is condom (75.9 %). However, 27. 9 % of students believe that natural methods of birth are safe enough. There are no significant differences in age at the time of first sexual activity considering gender, year at university and residency. The biggest reason for not using contraception is long-term relationship in which students do not feel fear of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Marketing Strategi Tenaga Pemasaran Guna Pencapaian Target Penjualan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Arjang Arjang ◽  
Harwin Harwin ◽  
Wahyuddin Hamid ◽  
Andi Risma Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Marketing Agency

ABSTRACT Failure to achieve sales targets has implications for not achieving the company's profit targets. The most basic problem, is preparing a plan and a team that will provide a solution to the problem. Marketing strategy training has a fundamental goal of increasing sales and achieving competitive advantage with a sustainable perspective. Marketing strategies include short-term plans and long-term market-oriented marketing activities in order to contribute to the company's goals and marketing objectives. For this reason, PT. Tata Finapedia, a marketing agency services company, built a partnership with the University of Eastern Indonesia (UIT), to help train marketing staff. The success of a marketing strategy is measured by sales performance and company profit growth. This training is expected to help explain the latest aspects of marketing strategy so as to increase the ability in the formulation and analysis of marketing strategies in the business environment of PT. Tata Finapedia.Keywords: Training, Marketing, Marketing, SalesABSTRAKKegagalan dalam pencapaian target penjualan, berimplikasi pada tidak tercapainya target profit perusahaan. Problem paling mendasar, adalah menyiapkan perencanaan dan tim yang akan memberikan solusi bagi problem itu.(Jørgensen 2018) Pelatihan marketing strategy memiliki tujuan mendasar yaitu meningkatkan penjualan dan mencapai keunggulan kompetitif dengan perspektif yang berkelanjutan.(Rowe and Clark 1927) Marketing strategi mencakup rencana jangka pendek dan jangka panjang kegiatan pemasaran dengan berorientasi pasar dalam rangka memberikan kontribusi terhadap tujuan perusahaan dan tujuan pemasaran. Untuk itu, PT. Tata Finapedia, perusahaan jasa keagenan marketing, membangun kemitraan dengan Universitas Indonesia Timur (UIT), guna membantu pelatihan bagi jajaran marketing. Keberhasilan strategi pemasaran diukur dari kinerja penjualan dan pertumbuhan laba perusahaan. Pelatihan ini diharapkan membantu memaparkan aspek marketing strategy terkini sehingga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan dalam formulasi dan analisis strategi pemasaran di lingkungan bisnis PT. Tata Finapedia.Kata Kunci: Pelatihan, Marketing, Pemasaran, Penjualan

scholarly journals Capitalizing on short-term collaborative projects: A special collections case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Erin Passehl-Stoddart ◽  
Ashlyn Velte
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Cross Training ◽  
Student Employees ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
The University ◽  
Short Time

After the University of Idaho (UI) Library Special Collections and Archives (SPEC) received an unexpected bequest of approximately 340 boxes of science fiction books and manuscript materials, faculty and staff had to think creatively about how to appraise, clean, preserve, and provide basic access to the collection within a short time frame.Embracing the idea that short-term collaborative projects require less formality, which makes them “low-hanging fruit” and more likely to succeed than long-term collaborative projects, SPEC implemented successful strategies such as cross-training library student employees from other units, applying for use of temporary space on campus, and creative use of available technology. Short-term projects require different approaches and resources than a long-term project. Lessons about flexibility, student learning, and using available technology can be used by other academic libraries facing short-term projects that can at first seem overwhelming.

scholarly journals Impact of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery on Rate of Complications, Time to Adjuvant Treatment, and Risk of Recurrence

Breast Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ida Oberhauser ◽  
Jasmin Zeindler ◽  
Mathilde Ritter ◽  
Jeremy Levy ◽  
Giacomo Montagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oncoplastic Breast Surgery ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
The University

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to compare the risk of complications and recurrence between oncoplastic and conventional breast surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 436 patients with stage I–III breast cancer who underwent surgery at the University Hospital of Basel between 2011 and 2018. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The nipple/skin-sparing mastectomy (NSM/SSM) group showed significantly more delayed wound healing (32.7 vs. 5.8%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and skin necrosis (13.9 vs. 1.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.020) compared to conventional mastectomy (CM), which corresponded to significantly higher odds of short-term complications (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.02–5.35, <i>p</i> = 0.044). The incidence rate of long-term morbidity in oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) was significantly higher compared to conventional breast-conserving surgery (CBCS; 25.5 vs. 11.3 per 100 patient years [PY], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), in particular concerning chronic pain (13.3 vs. 6.6, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and lymphedema (4.1 vs. 0.4, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Seroma as a long-term morbidity occurred more often in the CM group compared to the NSM/SSM group (5.8 vs. 0.5 per 100 PY, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Patients received adjuvant treatment earlier after CM compared to NSM/SSM (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.05–3.19, <i>p</i> = 0.034). There were no significant differences in the incidence of positive margins nor in the odds of recurrence after OBCS versus CBCS and after NSM/SSM versus CM. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Even though the present study confirmed expected differences in complications and morbidity, it suggested that oncoplastic surgery is oncologically safe. Patients undergoing NSM/SSM should be followed closely to allow early detection and treatment of frequently associated complications and ensure timely start of adjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Liver Replacement for Pediatric Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-829
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Starzl ◽  
Lawrence J. Koep ◽  
Gerhard P.J. Schröter ◽  
Charles G. Halgrimson ◽  
Kendrick A. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Native Liver ◽  
One Year ◽  
Liver Replacement ◽  
The University ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Between March 1963 and January 1978, 74 patients 18 years of age or younger have had liver replacements at the University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver. The most common cause of native liver failure was biliary atresia (48/74, 65%); the second most common cause was chronic aggressive hepatitis (12/74, 16%). Twenty-nine patients (39%) lived for at least one year, and 16 are still alive one to nine years after transplantation. Technical surgical problems, rejection, and infection were the main causes of death. Improved immunosuppression is needed; nevertheless, the quality of life in the long-term survivors has encouraged continuation of this difficult work.

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