On the Sigmoidal Law Relating Association Value (A) and Scaled Meaningfulness (M′)

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Noble ◽  
Patricia B. Sutker ◽  
Helen R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Inductive Hypothesis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Sigmoidal Function ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Very High

This study was conducted to test an inductive hypothesis, based on judgments of the relative number of associations ( a′) evoked by 2100 CVC trigrams in 200 Montana college Ss, that association value ( a) is a sigmoidal function of scaled meaningfulness ( m′). Whereas the earlier investigation used a representative sample of only 21 CVCs to compute m′, we selected 500 stimuli from the full range of values and had them rated by 200 Georgia college Ss. Measures of reliability for the a′ scale ( r = .993) and of internal consistency for the m′ scale (average error = 2.8%) are again very high. The cross-cultural regressions for the a and m′ scales are both linear, with r ≥ .97 for mean scores grouped in 25 categories of 20 CVCs each. Confirming and extending Noble's 1957 and 1961 findings, the present function relating a and m′ is clearly S-shaped and may be regarded as an empirical law. The analysis-of-variance ( η2) test of curvilinearity, applied to 12 equidistant groupings using all 500 CVCs, is significant ( P < .001). Among the major implications are: (1) the contemporary m′ scale is superior to the classical a scale and its cognates, (2) the practice of treating these two variables as identical or even linearly related is erroneous, (3) continued equivocation about a and m′ in research on verbal behavior can lead to serious errors of prediction and faulty explanatory inferences.

scholarly journals Disentangling Species Delineation and Guiding Conservation of Endangered Magnolias in Veracruz, Mexico

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Fabián Augusto Aldaba Aldaba Núñez ◽  
Emily Veltjen ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Martínez Salas ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Very High

The Mexican state of Veracruz has suffered very high deforestation rates in the last few decades, and despite the establishment of protected areas and conservation projects, primary forest is now mainly persisting in mostly small, scattered, fragmented remnants. New species of Magnolia section Talauma in this state have been described with little to no reference to the already existing ones, potentially resulting in over-splitting, obscuring their taxonomic delineation and conservation status, and consequently conservation programs. To study the conservation units and their genetic diversity, we here employ 15 microsatellite markers on a highly representative sampling of 254 individuals of what are presumed to be five Magnolia species. The results support at least three species and maximum five main conservation units. We propose downgrading the latter to four, given morphological, ecological, demographical, and geographical considerations. Two out of the three sympatrically occurring species in the rainforest in the Los Tuxtlas volcanic area have weak genetic evidence to be considered separate species. Similarly, the individuals in the Sierra de Zongolica in central Veracruz, who bear a very high morphological and genetic similarity to Magnolia mexicana, have weak genetic evidence to be recognised as a separate species. Nonetheless, the individuals could be identified as Magnolia decastroi based on morphology, and further research including the full range of this species is recommended.

A- and B-site doping effect on physicochemical properties of Sr2−xBaxMMoO6 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe) double perovskites — candidate anode materials for SOFCs

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1641002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zheng ◽  
Konrad Świerczek
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Double Perovskites ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Redox Stability ◽  
Very High

In this work, we evaluate the physicochemical properties of Sr[Formula: see text]BaxMMoO6 (M [Formula: see text] Mg, Mn, Fe) double perovskites as alternative anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, for which the effect of substitution of strontium by barium in a full range of compositions is studied. The crystal structure, microstructure, characterization of transport properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient) and oxygen content as a function of temperature, as well as chemical stability in oxidizing and reducing conditions are discussed. Fe- and Mo-containing Sr[Formula: see text]BaxFeMoO6 oxides show very high total conductivities with values of 100–1000 S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], while Sr[Formula: see text]BaxMgMoO6 present good redox stability.

scholarly journals Optical method for measuring bed topography and flow depth in an experimental flume

Solid Earth ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Limare ◽  
M. Tal ◽  
M. D. Reitz ◽  
E. Lajeunesse ◽  
F. Métivier
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Braided Channel ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Commercial Software Package ◽  
Moire Method ◽  
Very High

Abstract. We describe an optical method known as moiré for acquiring quasi-simultaneous measurements of bed topography and flow depth in laboratory experiments. The moiré method is based on projecting a fringe pattern (grating) on the bed and analyzing the deformation of the pattern caused by the topography with respect to a reference plane. The height of the object is encoded in the phase of the pattern and can be retrieved either through Fourier transform or phase shifting algorithms. The methodology enables image-based non-contact measurements over a continuous surface at very high spatial and temporal resolutions. We use a commercial software package of a moiré method called Light3D to map bed topography and flow depth in an experimental braided channel and demonstrate how the method can be used to characterize a full range of statistics not previously possible.

RE-OS ISOTOPIC AGE OF THE CU-AG SULPHIDE ORE AND ITS MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC IN THE LUBIN–POLKOWICE MINING AREA (SW POLAND)

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Z. Mikulski ◽  
Holly J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Mining Area ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Geochemical Characteristic ◽  
Sulphide Ore ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Very High

In the paper we present the results of Re-Os isotopic studies as well as the mineralogical and geochemical characteristic of bornite veinlets with chalcopyrite ± chalcocite margins and chalcopyrite veinlets that are parallel to sub-parallel to bedding in Kupferschiefer from the underground workings of the Lubin and Polkowice mines in SW Poland. Kupferschiefer samples are of grade from 2.5 to 14.2% Cu and with silver admixtures from 40 to 900 ppm and organic matter contents ca. 6%. The ratios of Co/Ni = 0.1–0.7, V/Cr = 4–17 and Fe2O3/C org = 0.6–1.9 are in the range of values typical for the Kupferschiefer. Besides, copper sulphides, which commonly contain silver admixtures (e.g. chalcocite – 0.44–5.03 wt.%., bornite – 0.33–0.77 wt.%., chalcopyrite 0.09–0.20 wt.%) are associated with minor galena, sphalerite, Ag-minerals and common pyrite framboids. In the isotopically analysed bornite and chalcopyrite samples Re concentrations ranging from 5.7 to 12 ppb, and total Os concentrations ranging from 27 to 52 ppt. Significant common Os is present in all of the analysed sulphides. The isotopic ratios of 187Re/188Os are very high (range: 2269–2942), and of 187Os/188Os from 9.8 to ca. 12.4. Re-Os model ages calculated for these isotopic ratios are in the range from 256 to 268 Ma and for one of the chalcopyrite veinlet was 217 ±2 Ma. Taking into the account the values of the isotopic ratios of 187Re/188Os, it was possible to construct the Re-Os isochrone age for A Model 1 regression based on four different samples. They yields age of 212 ±7 Ma, with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 2.13 ±0.31 (MSWD = 1.3). Re-Os isochrone age indicates for bornite and chalcopyrite crystallization event of the Ag-bearing Cu sulphide mineralization within the Kupferschiefer in the Late Triassic (Norian), ca. 212 ±7 Ma.

The relationship between the digestibility of a sward and the herbage consumption of grazing calves

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYNitro-chalk was applied to S.23 ryegrass swards, at approximately monthly intervals, at two contrasting levels in 1961 and three levels in 1962. Steer calves, 3–6 months old, grazed in rotation round a series of four paddocks on each treatment. Paddocks were trimmed and fertilizer applied after each grazing. The herbage intakes of the calves were determined on three occasions in 1961 and four occasions in 1962. Faecal output was estimated by chromic oxide dilution. In vitro digestibility determinations were carried out on samples of herbage clipped from the swards.There was a close linear relationship between the digestibility of the herbage and the amount eaten, over the full range of digestibility encountered (68–82%). Regression equations calculated within seasons and fertilizer levels, and within years, did not differ significantly. The regressions of faecal output on herbage digestibility were not significantly different from zero.The observed relationship between herbage digestibility and herbage intake may reflect (a) the greater sensitivity of young ruminants than adult stock to changes in the digestibility of the diet, and (b) the reduced importance of the chemostatic control of food intake, except at very high levels of digestibility, in young rapidly growing animals.

scholarly journals Características, dificultades y necesidades formativas de los profesores tutores de educación infantil y primaria en los centros escolares de la provincia de Castellón

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco-Juan García Bracete ◽  
Rosa García Castellas ◽  
Fernando Doménech Betoret
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

RESUMENHemos utilizado una muestra representativa de 100 profesores de 38 centros escolares públicos de infantil y primaria de la provincia de Castellón. Para categorizar las respuestas hemos adaptado el procedimiento basado en la teoría de la “fundamentación”. Aunque la gran mayoría de profesores se consideran suficientemente preparados (88%), más de la mitad afirman que no han recibido ninguna formación (58%). La tutoría exige del maestro un conjunto de buenas características, especialmente tiene que ser un experto en relaciones interpersonales y tener una dedicación absoluta. Las relaciones con los padres y la falta de tiempo son las principales dificultades. Los tutores dicen que necesitarían mas formación práctica y conocimientos de psicología y pedagogía. La casi totalidad de categorías se han visto afectadas por algún factor del centro o del profesor, en particular la categoría que recoge el componente comunicador y negociador del tutor y las que hacen referencia a no tener dificultades.ABSTRACTA representative sample of 100 teachers from 38-statefunded infant and primary schools in the province of Castellón was used in the study. We adapted the procedure based on grounded theory in order to classify replies. Although a very high percentage (88%) of teachers consider themselves to be sufficiently well trained, more than half (58%) stated that they had not received specific training. The role of tutor demands a wide range of good characteristics in the teacher, and in particular they have to be experts in interpersonal relationships and be absolutely dedicated to their jobs. The main difficulties are considered to be relationships with parents and lack of time. Tutors report a need for more practical training and psychopedagogical knowledge. Practically all categories have been affected by some school or teacher factor, in particular, the category covering the communicating and negotiating element of the role of tutor, and this referring to not having anydifficulties.

Long Term Variations in Jupiter’s 11 cm Radio Emission

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-342
Author(s):  
P.M. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Orbital Period ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Long Term Variations

During the past twelve years five series of observations have been made of the polarization of Jupiter’s radio emission at a wavelength of 11 cm. This data shows characteristics which have been stable over a period of years as well as some unexplained variations. The observations were made during one complete orbital period of Jupiter and hence were obtained over the full range of values of DE, the angle between Jupiter’s rotational axis and the plane of the sky. These are summarized in Table 1. The 1967 observations have been reported previously (Komesaroff and McCulloch 1967) and the 1963 data is from Roberts and Komesaroff (1965).

scholarly journals Greybody factor and power spectra of the Hawking radiation in the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet de-Sitter gravity

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yong Zhang ◽  
Peng-Cheng Li ◽  
Minyong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Symmetric Black Hole ◽  
Very High

AbstractA novel 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity was recently formulated by Glavan and Lin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)]. Although this theory may run into trouble at the level of action or equations of motion, the spherically symmetric black hole solution, which can be successfully reproduced in those consistent theories of 4D EGB gravity, is still meaningful and worthy of study. In this paper, we investigate Hawking radiation in the spacetime containing such a de Sitter black hole. Both the greybody factor and the power spectra of the Hawking radiation of the massless scalar are studied numerically for the full range of various parameters, including the GB coupling constant $$\alpha $$ α , the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$ Λ and the coupling constant related to the scalar filed $$\xi $$ ξ . In particular, we find a negative $$\alpha $$ α leads to a larger greybody factor than that of a $$\alpha \ge 0$$ α ≥ 0 . While, for the power spectra of the Hawking radiation the situation is quite the opposite. The reason is that the temperature of the black hole would be very high when $$\alpha <0$$ α < 0 . Actually, we observe that the temperature would be arbitrarily high when $$\alpha $$ α approaches to the lower bound.

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