Effect of Failure upon WAIS Arithmetic, Digit Span, and Object Assembly Subtests

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis S. Dickstein ◽  
Virginia A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female College ◽  
Failure Experience

Previous studies of the effects of failure upon WAIS subtest performance have yielded discrepant findings for the Digit Span subtest and have failed to support clinical hypotheses regarding the Object Assembly and Arithmetic subtests. In the present study, 15 female college students were provided with a failure experience and showed significantly poorer performance than a control group of 15 on the Digit Span and Object Assembly subtests but not on Arithmetic. The implications of the present data for future research are discussed and possible explanations for the discrepancies in the literature are presented.

scholarly journals Comparison of Whey Versus Almond Protein Powder on Nitrogen Balance in Female College Students; The California Almond Protein Powder Project (CAlmond-P3)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11939
Author(s):  
Adeline Maykish ◽  
Morgan M. Nishisaka ◽  
Courtney K. Talbott ◽  
Scott K. Reaves ◽  
Aleksandra S. Kristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Female College

Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular in the past decade, with approximately 11% of Americans self-identifying as vegan or vegetarian and many others trying to reduce meat consumption. Due to increasing interest, the plant-based food market has significantly expanded, with several innovative products serving as alternatives to animal-based products. One such example is almond protein powder, a new protein supplement created as an alternative to whey protein. Due to the novelty of almond protein products, little is known regarding how well the protein supplement supports nitrogen metabolism. The effects of both an almond-based protein beverage and a whey-based protein beverage on nitrogen balance are investigated in the work presented herein. Twenty female college students aged 20–25 years were randomly assigned to consume either an almond- or whey-based protein drink twice daily for one week; 24-h urine collection was performed at the baseline and endpoint of the 7-day treatment period and nitrogen balance was assessed. Body composition and hydration status were also assessed. Both protein sources (almond and whey) were able to notably improve nitrogen balance, thus indicating that almond protein powder may be a functional plant-based alternative to whey protein powder and may be of interest in future research regarding muscle mass and body composition improvement.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault and Alcohol Use among College Students: A Critical Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Calasso ◽  
Carly Thompson-Memmer ◽  
Aaron J Kruse-Diehr ◽  
Tavis Glassman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Information ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female College ◽  
Polysubstance Use

The purpose of this study was to assess the extant literature on the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault among college students. A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, JSTOR, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Key search terms included sexual assault, alcohol, and college students. A total of 23 articles met inclusion criteria, the plurality (47.8%) of which were cross-sectional and featured convenience samples (43.5%). All studies were conducted at public higher education institutions in the United States. The most salient crosscutting themes included perceived low risk for sexual assault among female college students, higher likelihood of severe sexual assault among women who consumed more alcohol, and general information about polysubstance use and sexual assault risk. Methodological shortcomings included an overreliance on convenience sampling, lack of reporting of where samples were obtained, and single-site data collection. Given the large number of studies that found women who consume alcohol are more likely than their nondrinking counterparts to experience sexual assault, public health educators must continue to prioritize female college students who drink. However, interventions should target potential perpetrators rather than focusing solely on how victims can avoid risky situations. Future research should include diverse, random samples across multiple institutions topromote greater generalizability of findings.

scholarly journals A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effect of Pilates Exercise on Female College Students with Knee Joint Deformity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Okhee Song ◽  
Kook-Eun Seo ◽  
David Michael O’Sullivan ◽  
Jung-Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genu Varum ◽  
Female College

BACKGROUND Current research on genu varum shows the favorable influence of exercise on the biomechanics of the knee joint by reducing the static malalignment and mechanical imbalances, however the transference to a more optimum gait has not been investigated.OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on the changes of gait and lower limb malalignment in female students with genu varum.METHODS A total of 23 female college students with verified genu varum participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups a Pilates exercise group (n=15) and a control group (n=8). The Pilates exercise group participated in 1 hour Pilates exercise 3 times per week for a total of 10 weeks. Each of the participants had an X-ray and performed gait 5 times before and after the exercise treatment. The participants kinetic and kinematic data were gathered using an eight Vicon Motion camera system and two force platforms.RESULTS For the Pilates group gait their maximum extension and internal rotation knee moment, and maximum adduction and internal rotation hip moment significantly increased, while the maximum knee moment flexion decreased. For the control group gait their maximum hip extension and hip adduction moment significantly decreased. For the Pilates group there was a significant reduction in the distance from the anatomical axis to the weight bearing line in the left leg, but there was no significant change for the control group.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pilates exercise may be beneficial for females with genu varum by helping to improve both their static alignment and helping their gait to become more balanced.

scholarly journals Effect of Motivation by “Instagram” on Adherence to Physical Activity among Female College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einas Al-Eisa ◽  
Asma Al-Rushud ◽  
Ahmad Alghadir ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Bashayer Al-Harbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Female College ◽  
Activity Program

Objective.To investigate the efficacy of using “Instagram application” with a “home-exercise program” as a motivational stimulus in improving physical activity (PA) adherence levels among female college students.Methods.Fifty-eight female undergraduate students with the mean age20.3±0.96years participated. Participants were divided into two groups: intervention and the control group; both the groups received an exercise program and the intervention group was additionally motivated by “Instagram.” Adherence to PA was measured by using an adherence sheet. The Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) was used to assess the motivational factors.Results.The most frequent motivational factors were extrinsic as assessed using the EMI-2. “Positive health” was the most frequent factor mentioned of the two types with 47% of the sample. The intervention group adhered with 17% more to the activity program compared to the control group. Moreover, 72% of the participants in the intervention and control groups found the activity program flexible enough to be performed at home; they agreed about its effectiveness on adherence (53%).Conclusions.The use of Instagram with the home exercise program as a motivational modality could be attractive and effective to reinforce adherence and maintain an appropriate PA level.

scholarly journals Impact of Web-Based Health Education on HPV Vaccination Uptake Among College Girl Students in Western and Northern China: A Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Female College ◽  
Vaccination Uptake

Abstract Objective: To investigate the knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccines, HPV vaccination uptake, and vaccination willingness among female college students, and to explore the effect of a web-based educational intervention, immediately and at one month later, on HPV knowledge, vaccine acceptability and uptake among female college students in Western and Northern China. Methods: A web-based interventional follow-up study was conducted at two universities in Western and Northern China between February and April 2020. Female freshmen were required to complete an online questionnaire, and then eligible students were randomized into intervention and control group. Students in the intervention group received 7-days of web-based health education regarding HPV and HPV vaccines, while the control group received educational materials unrelated to HPV prevention. All students were asked to complete post-intervention questionnaire to assess their awareness, uptake, and willingness regarding HPV vaccination at a 7 days and 30 days interval, respectively. Differences between intervention and control groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccination intentions. Results: A total of 967 participants were included in this study. Prior to the intervention, 63.8%, 66.3%, and 60.8% of students had heard of HPV, HPV-related diseases, and HPV vaccines, respectively. However, only 2.2% of students had reported to have been vaccinated, and 33.0% were willing to be vaccinated against HPV. After 7-days education, students in the intervention group had higher awareness and willingness of HPV vaccines than those in the control group. Major reasons that college female students do not accept HPV vaccines were the high cost (57.7%) and concerns about the adverse events (56.0%). School location, education background of parents, history of counseling about HPV vaccines, history of sexual behavior, and having heard of HPV vaccines are influencing factors on willingness to be vaccinated. Conclusion: The female college students’ HPV vaccination uptake is insufficient, and they have minimal detailed knowledge about HPV and its vaccines. Web-based health education on HPV vaccines is an easy, feasible, and effective way to improve the awareness and acceptance of HPV vaccination among female college students, but it has limited effect on improving HPV vaccination uptake.

scholarly journals Study on the Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Fitness of Female College Students with Invisible Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02038
Author(s):  
Zhang Wei-wei ◽  
Yu Ling
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female College ◽  
Education Group

To observe the effect of exercise intervention and nutrition health education on body composition and fitness of female college students with invisible obesity. 60 female college students with invisible obesity were randomly divided into three groups: control group, exercise intervention group and exercise + nutrition health education group. The control group had normal study and life; the exercise intervention group used aerobic exercise and resistance exercise to carry out collective exercise prescription exercise and individual contract exercise; the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group carried out nutrition health education on the basis of exercise intervention. Before the experiment, the three groups of female college students were homogenous (P > 0.05); after 16 weeks of the experiment, the body composition and fitness of the exercise intervention group and the exercise intervention + nutrition and health education group were significantly higher than that before the experiment, among which there were significant differences in BMI, BF%, VFI, vital capacity, 800m, sit forward flexion and sit up indexes (P < 0.05); after 8 weeks of training, the exercise intervention group was significantly higher than that before the experiment (P < 0.05) The BMI, BF% and VFI of the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group continued to decrease (P < 0.05). The combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of female college students with recessive obesity. The effect of combined intervention of nutrition and health education on the basis of exercise intervention is better than that of single exercise intervention, and it can promote students to form the concept of reasonable nutrition and exercise actively. It is suggested that the correct nutrition concept and active exercise of the recessive obese college students can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of the recessive obese female college students.

The Holistic Grief Effects of Bereaved Black Female College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282097629
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Varga ◽  
Tashel C. Bordere ◽  
Matthew D. Varga
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female College ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Linear Regressions

This study examined the holistic grief effects of Black female college students. A total of 105 participants from two universities, who identified as Black or African American females, completed a questionnaire regarding death losses and grief effects they experienced. Descriptive statistics and ANOVAs examined between-group differences based on loss experiences. Linear regressions predicted the grief effects Black female college students experience based on time since loss and cause of death. Participants displayed holistic grief effects in all six dimensions of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physical, interpersonal, and spiritual/world assumptions, with emotional and cognitive effects as the most experienced grief effects. The cause of death had a statistically significant effect on grief effects with suicide and murder, displaying higher mean effects. Although statistically significant relationships were not found between grief effects and time of loss, most mean effects peaked at 7–12 months post-loss. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.

Consumer Perceptions of Online Apparel Customization

2011 ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Hira Cho
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Female College ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Consumer Surveys ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The U.S

This study was conducted to identify a variety of consumer perceptions of apparel customization in the context of e-retailing. Consumer surveys were performed by email invitations through a marketing firm. The survey participants visited apparel customization websites, which were developed for this study, to customize a pair of jeans before answering open-ended questions. The respondents were 213 female college students in the U.S. Their statements were analyzed and categorized into eight dimensions representing the benefits (usefulness, convenience, and fun/enjoyment) and costs (risk, limitation, self-assurance, time consumption, and unappealing) of online apparel customization. Two discussion topics were drawn from the findings: why people are willing or unwilling to customize apparel online. Insights are generated and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Results of a Randomized Trial Testing Messages Tailored to Participant-Selected Topics Among Female College Students: Physical Activity Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Quintiliani ◽  
Marci K. Campbell ◽  
J. Michael Bowling ◽  
Susan Steck ◽  
Pamela S. Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Female College ◽  
Trial Testing

Background:A better understanding of identifying tailoring variables would improve message design. Tailoring to a behavior that a participant selects as one they would like to work on may increase message relevance, and thus effectiveness. This trial compared 3 groups: message tailored to physical activity as a participant-selected topic (choice), message tailored to physical activity as an expert-determined topic (expert), or nontailored message (comparison).Methods:408 female college students received web-delivered computer-tailored messages on physical activity. Outcomes were immediate and 1-month follow-up changes in psychosocial, goal-related, and behavioral variables related to physical activity.Results:Participants were predominately non-Hispanic White (73.8%). Change in self-efficacy and goal commitment at immediate follow-up and vigorous physical activity at 1-month follow-up was greater in the expert versus comparison group. Change in goal commitment at immediate follow-up was lower in the choice versus expert group. In the expert group, those choosing physical activity as their selected topic perceived the goal to be easier at immediate follow-up compared with those receiving unmatched messages.Conclusions:Findings supported tailoring to an expert-determined topic. However, based on the beneficial change in perceived goal difficulty when topics matched, future research should encourage synchrony between participant-selected topics and expert recommendations.

scholarly journals On Mindfulness Training for Promoting Mental Toughness of Female College Students in Endurance Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Qingxuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female College ◽  
Paired T Test

Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the promoting effects of mindfulness training on female college students’ mental toughness in endurance exercise. Methods. A cluster sampling method was used to select 60 female college students as subjects. Based on the body mass index (BMI), stratified randomization was used to divide them into the mindfulness-training group and the control group. Participants in mindfulness-training group had an 8-week mindfulness training, while participants in control group waited. Before and after training, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used for pretest and posttest, and paired t-test and covariance analysis were performed on pretest and posttest between-group data. Results. (1) Paired t-test results showed the posttest scores (26.67 ± 3.56; 20.97 ± 3.66; 126.53 ± 8.59) of the three dimensions of description, nonresponse and FFMQ total score of the mindfulness-training group were higher than the pretest scores (25.53 ± 3.74; 19.23 ± 3.59; 121.43 ± 6.78). Statistical significance was shown in their differences (t = −2.25; −2.70; −3.25, p < 0.05 ). However, there was no statistical significance in the pretest and posttest of control group. The covariance analyses showed the posttest scores of the mindfulness-training group in three dimensions of description, nonresponse, and FFMQ were higher than the posttest scores of the control group. Statistical significance was shown in their differences (F = 6.55; 6.08; 5.91; p < 0.05 ). (2) Paired t-test showed posttest scores (46.50 ± 5.93; 30.40 ± 3.75; 15.00 ± 2.34) were significantly higher than pretest scores (42.60 ± 7.68; 26.50 ± 4.32; 12.87 ± 2.51) in all dimensions of the mental toughness of the mindfulness-training group. Statistical significance was shown in their differences (t = −3.135, −4.765, −4.922, p < 0.01 ). However, there was no significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores in all dimensions of the mental toughness of the control group. The covariance analysis showed that the posttest scores of all dimensions of the mental toughness of the mindfulness-training group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (F = 11.133, 12.101, 16.053, all p < 0.001 ). (3) Paired t-test showed that the posttest score of the mindfulness-training group on exercise intensity perception immediately after 800-meter endurance run (5.67 ± 2.61) was lower than the pretest score (7.03 ± 1.24) and the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.18, p < 0.001 ), while the difference was not statistically significant in the control group. The covariance analysis showed that the posttest score of the mindfulness-training group on exercise intensity perception was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 15.81, p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Mindfulness training improved the level of female college students’ mindfulness and mental toughness in their endurance sports, while reducing the fatigue feeling of female college students in endurance sports.

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