Reexamination of Effect of a Subliminal Verbal Food Stimulus on Subjective Hunger Ratings

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. George ◽  
Luther B. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Food Stimulus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Choice Method

The word “cheese” was flashed 30 times for two sets of experimental and control groups. One set received the stimulus below, the other slightly above, a forced-choice detection threshold. As no significant increase in hunger ratings was found, nor even a trend, the results conflict with Spence (1964) who did not use a valid forced-choice method or control group.

3D Animated Movies, Touch Screen Applications and Visual Motor Development of Five-Year-Old Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seçil Yücelyiğit ◽  
Neriman Aral
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Show

This study is implemented to investigate the effects of 3D animated movies and interactive applications on visual motor development of five year old children. The research has been performed in pretest-posttest-permanence test, experimental pattern with control group. For four months, every fifteen day experimental groups (24 children) watched eight episodes of 3D animated movies; 12 of them performed the interactive applications with computer while the other 12 performed the same applications with worksheets. 14 children in control group engaged merely their preschool education. Test of Visual Motor Skills-3 was used to collect and evaluate the visual motor skills of children. Since the data of the research was not distributed normally, non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the visual motor skills of children who engaged the study in both test and control groups, had improved significantly.

Factors Associated With Dysmorphic Concern and Psychiatric Morbidity in Plastic Surgery Outpatients

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kisely ◽  
Daniel Morkell ◽  
Bruce Allbrook ◽  
Patrick Briggs ◽  
Jasmina Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To compare new referrals to a plastic surgery clinic for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons with a control group of equal size with medically explained symptoms. Method: Patients attending for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons were compared with the controls using the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and dysmorphic concern questionnaire (DCQ). Patients were divided into high and low DCQ scores on the basis of their median scores. Results: Ninety subjects were approached of whom 84 (93%) participated giving 42 patients each in the cosmetic (non-medically explained) and control groups. Forty-four per cent were referred for mammoplasty (n = 37) and 8% for rhinoplasty (n = 7). The other 40 cases (48%) were for other procedures including excision, abdominoplasty and blepharoplasty. Thirty-two per cent of the sample were GHQ cases (n = 27). Patients presenting for cosmetic (non-medically explained) reasons were 13 times more likely to be female (95% CI = 4.3–41), nine times more likely to have high DCQ scores (95% CI = 3.3–24), six times more likely to be GHQ cases (95% CI = 2.1–17), and seven times more likely to present for mammoplasty. The same factors were associated with high DCQ scores. Patients with high DCQ scores were 32 times as likely to be GHQ cases (95% CI = 6.8–151). On multivariate analysis, dysmorphic concern emerged as the only independent predictor of GHQ caseness rather than sex, surgical diagnosis or procedure (adjusted OR = 32.0, 95 % CI = 6.5–156). Similarly, only GHQ caseness and presentation for cosmetic (non-medically explained) surgery independently predicted DCQ score. Conclusions: Patients presenting for cosmetic (non-medically explained) surgery have high rates of dysmorphic concern and psychiatric morbidity

Adverse events when treating XDR tuberculosis

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Main Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
And Control

The article presents the results of a clinical study on the frequency and spectrum of adverse events (AEs) that occur during treatment with an anti-tuberculosis drug (thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate, Tpp). The purpose of the study was to determine the frequen-cy and nature of adverse events when TPP is included in the treatment regimen and to develop an algorithm for the prevention of adverse reactions. Materials and methods: 125 (N=125) patients with MDR and XDR tu-berculosis were examined. 70.4% (88) patients developed adverse events. Results and discussion: At the same time, adverse reactions occurred in 58.3% (35) of the main group, and in 69.2% (45) of the control group. There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse events between the main and control groups (2=1.608, 95% CI 0.298-1.298, p>0.05). In the control group, diges-tive and hepatobiliary AEs were more frequent (up by 8.6% and 3.5%, respectively). On the other hand, derma-tological reactions prevailed in the main group (up by 3.8%). Tpp was not shown to be the main cause of drug induced hypothyroidism, it can jointly reinforce thyrotox-ic effect when used in combination with protionamide and/or PASA (para-aminosalicylic acid). Statistic analy-sis showed no significant differences in any class of AEs between the groups (p>0.05 for all AE categories). Up to 68% of adverse reactions were mild (1 and 2 grade). Con-clusion. Thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate is not the main cause of drug induced hypothyroidism, it can jointly reinforce thyrotoxic effect when used in combina-tion with protionamide and/or PASA.

Visual Reinforcement of Head-Turn Responses in Infants Under 12 Months of Age

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Moore ◽  
Wesley R. Wilson ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Turn ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of complex visual reinforcement (animated toy animal) on auditory localization responses of infants below 12 months of age was studied. Sixty infants served as subjects and each subject received 30 presentations of complex noise at suprathreshold level. After each response to an auditory signal, one-half of the infants (experimental group) received complex visual reinforcement and the other half (control group) received no reinforcement. The experimental and control groups were further subdivided into three age groups: four months, five and six months, and seven to 11 months. Visual reinforcement produced significantly more responses (head turn) than no reinforcement for the two older age groups. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control conditions at four months of age.

scholarly journals Differences in social cognition between male prisoners with antisocial personality or psychotic disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Salvador Bertone ◽  
Edith Aristizabal Díaz Granados ◽  
Miguel Vallejos ◽  
Jessica Muniello
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Reasoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male Prisoners

The objective of this work is to discriminate between different neurocognitive circuits involved in empathy, one ofthem linked to emotional processing and the other associated with cognitive function. This is evaluated throughthe use of neuropsychological tools (Hinting Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Cambridge MindReading Test) empathic cognition and empathic emotion. In this study, 57 male prisoners were divided intothree groups: psychotic patients (20), antisocial patients (17), and a control group (20). Patients with psychosiswere found to have significantly lower scores than the antisocial and control groups in a social reasoning test,but using tests of emotional recognition, we found that both psychotic patients and antisocial subjects scoredsignificantly lower than the control group.

scholarly journals Metacognitive Learning Strategies: Their Effects on the Reading Comprehension Performance of Grade Five Pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Farraniva Acmed-Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Metacognitive Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed at examining the effects of metacognitive learning strategies on the reading comprehension performance of 80 Grade Five pupils in the MSU-Integrated Laboratory School for SY 2011-2012. The researcher used quasi-experimental design, which entailed using two intact, randomly selected groups: one served as the control group and the other as the experimental group. The descriptive-quantitative research was used to describe and analyse the respondents' performance in their reading comprehension test. The data were treated using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) with a significance level set at .05. This research work involved four phases: In the first phase, a self-constructed Personal Background Questionnaire and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) by Oxford (1990) were administered both to the experimental and control groups before the strategy instruction. In the second phase, the experimental group received six sessions of instruction on metacognitive strategies. On the other hand, the control group received six sessions of instruction using the traditional method of teaching reading based on the Basal Readers Approach. Both experimental and control groups worked on authentic and inauthentic texts (some articles from the Newspaper and the World of Reading textbook). In the third phase, after completion of instruction, the teacher-made reading comprehension test was administered to both groups to determine the reading comprehension performance of the respondents. In the fourth phase, the SILL was administered to both groups again to determine if the metacognitive strategies instruction has an effect on the reading comprehension performance of the respondents. The data analysis yielded the following findings: First, a slightly greater outcome was manifested in the reading comprehension test of the experimental group compared to the control group. Second, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the reading comprehension test of the control and experimental groups. Both the experimental and control groups performed well in the authentic section of the reading comprehension test. Lastly, the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) by Oxford, 1990 shows a positive effect on the reading comprehension performance of the experimental group. Therefore, the respondents performed better in the part of the reading comprehension test using authentic texts and the experimental group’s metacognitive awareness increased notably after the instruction.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

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