Philosophies of Human Nature and Policemen: Study of Differences between Recruits and Veterans

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1338
Author(s):  
William Ray Pope ◽  
Glenn E. Littlepage ◽  
Don E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related

20 recruits and 23 veteran police officers were administered the Philosophies of Human Nature Scale. Compared with recruits, veteran officers showed a stronger tendency to believe others were altruistic. A significant negative correlation (—.49) was found between length of police experience and the Strength of Will and Rationality subscale, indicating police officers with many years of experience believed others were less self-determined and rational. Years of experience was also negatively related to the Independence subscale (—.49), implying that with increasing years of experience, veterans see others as less independent. However, age and years of experience correlated .90 and these relationships could be an artifact of age or age-related factors rather than years of experience. Other subscales did not differ for recruits and veterans and were not related to length of police experience. The mixed results are consistent with suggestions that, once established, philosophies of human nature are reasonably resistant to change.

Age-Related Decreases in Finger Sensitivity Can Produce Error in Palpated Heart-Rate Determination

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Nobuo Takeshima ◽  
William F. Brechue ◽  
Setsuko Ueya ◽  
Kiyoji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

This study attempted to determine the accuracy of measuring heart rate by radial artery palpation in elderly individuals. Elderly (ELD; n = 26) and young (Y; n = 21) individuals completed 3 intensity levels of exercise on a treadmill, each carried out on a separate day. Participants determined their heart rate by palpating the radial artery (PR) after exercise. In ELD, there were significant differences between PR and electrocardiogram (ECG; p = .007). Heart-rate errors at each intensity of exercise were 7.2 ± 12.5, 6.6 ± 15.7, and 10.1 ± 16.5 beats/min. There were no differences in PR and ECG in Y. Fingertip sensitivity was significantly lower in ELD than in Y. A significant, negative correlation existed (r = -.56, n = 26) between heart-rate error and fingertip sensitivity in ELD. These data suggest that self-conducted PR by elderly individuals fails to accurately estimate heart rate. This appears to result from lessened vibrotactile sensitivity in the fingers.

scholarly journals Effect of Stress due to COVID-19 Pandemic on Time Management Skills among University Professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunatha BK Goud ◽  
Tarig H Merghani ◽  
Joan Bryant Kumar ◽  
Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Experience

Introduction: Time management skills are necessary for professionals to accomplish their goals and succeed in their career. The recent changes in the educational environment that were caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be stressful and might affect the structure of faculty work. Aim: To evaluate the stress level among university personnel during the COVID-19 outbreak and its relation to their time management skills. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted on a sample of 56 university professionals. Each participant filled a google form questionnaire consisting of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Time Management Scale (TMS). The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 56 responses were received from full-time faculty and staff with 60% response rate. The overall PSS (mean±SD) was 15.29±7.13, indicating a low level of stress among the professionals. The mean TMS of 37.98±7.63 indicates an average time management skills. Significant negative correlation was found between PSS and TMS (r=-0.371, p=0.005). A positive correlation was found between TMS and years of experience (r=0.278, p=0.038). Both PSS and TMS had insignificant association with age, gender and years of experience. Conclusion: The stress level during the COVID-19 outbreak is relatively low among the University professionals. The TMS has a negative correlation with the PSS; however, it improves with the increase in years of job experience.

scholarly journals Nursing students’ perceived stress and influences in clinical performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Akhu-Zaheya ◽  
Insaf Shaban ◽  
Wejdan Khater
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Background:</strong> It is known that stress related to clinical training among nursing students could contribute to many physical and mental problems. However, little empirical evidence about the influence of stress in nurse students’ clinical performance<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The objective of this study was to assess the association between perceived stresses, stress related factors, and students’ clinical performance.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: Using the perceived stress scale, 539 Jordanian nursing students from 2 public universities in Jordan participated in the study.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the mean of stress perceived by students was 45.9. Students’ assignment were perceived as the main source of stress (M= 10.7, SD= 4.5) followed by stress related to patients’ care (M= 10.5, SD= 5.5) and stress from teachers and nursing staff (M= 9.6, SD= 5.3). The lowest source of stress is from students’ lack of professional knowledge and skills (M= 3.96; SD= 2.8). The mean of students’ clinical performance is 73.4%. Students’ perceived stress has a significant negative correlation with students’ clinical performance (<em>r</em>= -.09; <em>p</em> &lt;.05). The results also showed significant negative correlation between stress related to lack of professional knowledge and skills, and stress related to patient care and students’ clinical performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study expanded on students’ stress in clinical settings, and warrants further research in assessing its impact on their performance. Teachers should be aware of and help students to overcome and cope with said stress related factors in the clinical settings effectively.</p>

scholarly journals Iranian stroke patient’s perception of dignity, autonomy and privacy: a questionnaire survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Behnam Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Ghasem Fattahzadeh-Ardalani ◽  
Azad Rahmani ◽  
Vahid Zamanzadeh ◽  
Mojgan Behshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Patient’S Perception

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Patients with stroke have many problems which may have adverse effects on opportunities for dignified care. So, any plans to improve the providing of dignified care in these patients need to identify the level of maintaining their dignity in hospital settings and its related factors in particular privacy and autonomy. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to recognize the level of self-perceived dignity and its relationships with the perception of respected autonomy and privacy among Iranian stroke patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken among 166 patients with stroke admitted to a public educational centre affiliated to Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil/Iran. They were selected using convenience sampling method. Patients’ levels of self-perceived dignity, autonomy and privacy were assessed using valid questionnaires.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study findings showed a significant negative correlation between patients’ self-perceived dignity and autonomy. Also there was no significant relationship between patients’ self-perceived dignity and patients’ perception of protected privacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> According to the findings of this study respect to autonomy of patient increases the amount of patient dignity. But there isn’t this relationship about respect to the privacy of patient.</p>

Thrombin generation in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S61-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cvirn ◽  
A. Rosenkranz ◽  
B. Leschnik ◽  
W. Raith ◽  
W. Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

SummaryThrombin generation was studied in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in terms of the lag time until the onset of thrombin formation, time to thrombin peak maximum (TTP), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and thrombin peak height. The suitability to determine the coagulation status of these patients was investigated. Patients, material, methods: CAT data of 40 patients with CHD (age range from newborn to 18 years) were compared to data using standard coagulation parameters such as prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F 1.2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between ETP and FII (p < 0.01; r = 0.369), as well as between peak height and F II (p < 0.01; r = 0.483). A significant negative correlation was seen between ETP and TFPI values (p < 0.05; r = –0.225) while no significant correlation was seen between peak height and TFPI. A significant negative correlation was seen between F 1.2 generation and ETP (p < 0.05; r = –0.254) and between F 1.2 generation and peak height (p < 0.05; r = –0.236). No correlation was seen between AT and ETP or peak. Conclusions: CAT is a good global test reflecting procoagulatory and inhibitory factors of the haemostatic system in paediatric patients with CHD.

Negative Correlation Between Serum Levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein M

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
J. Wei ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Q. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a constituent of the HDL particles. The goal of this study was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine and apoM and to determine whether homocysteine influences apoM synthesis. Methods: Serum levels of apoM and Hcy in 17 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) patients and 19 controls were measured and their correlations were analyzed. Different concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and LY294002, a specific phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, were used to treat HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and the apoM protein mass was measured by western blot. Results: We found that decreased serum apoM levels corresponded with serum HDL levels in HHcy patients, while the serum apoM levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the serum Hcy levels. Moreover, apoM mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased after the administration of Hcy in HepG2 cells, and this effect could be abolished by addition of LY294002. Conclusions: resent study demonstrates that Hcy downregulates the expression of apoM by mechanisms involving the PI3K signal pathway.

scholarly journals Blinding in electric current stimulation in subacute neglect patients with current densities of 0.8 A/m2: a cross-over pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gorsler ◽  
Ulrike Grittner ◽  
Nadine Külzow ◽  
Torsten Rackoll
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Improve Standard

Abstract Objective Neglect after stroke is a disabling disorder and its rehabilitation is a major challenge. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to be a promising adjuvant technique to improve standard care neglect therapy. Since electric fields are influenced by age-related factors, higher current densities are probably needed for effective treatment in aged stroke patients. Validation of treatment efficacy requires sham-controlled experiments, but increased current densities might comprise blinding. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to test sham adequacy when using current density of 0.8 A/m2. Whether especially neglect patients who mainly suffer from perceptual and attentional deficits are able to differentiate beyond chance active from sham tDCS was investigated in a randomized cross-over design (active/sham stimulation) in 12 early subacute patients with left-sided hemineglect. Stimulation (0.8 A/m2) was performed simultaneous to standard care neglect therapy. Results Odds ratio of correct guessing an atDCS condition compared to wrongly judge an atDCS condition as sham was 10.00 (95%CI 0.65–154.40, p = 0.099). However, given the small sample size and high OR, although likely somewhat overestimated, results require careful interpretation and blinding success in neglect studies with current densities of 0.8 A/m2 should be further confirmed.

scholarly journals Daytime nap and nighttime breastfeeding are associated with toddlers’ nighttime sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Rinshu Shimabukuro ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
Takayo Nakazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to examine the association between toddlers' sleep arrangements and their nighttime sleep duration and other sleep variables. For this investigation, we performed a study in which child activity and sleep levels were recorded using actigraphy. The parents of 1.5-year-old toddlers (n = 106) were asked to attach an actigraphy unit to their child’s waist with an adjustable elastic belt and complete a sleep diary for 7 consecutive days. Questionnaires were used to assess the sleep arrangements of the toddlers. There was a significant negative correlation between nap duration and nighttime sleep duration, suggesting that longer nap sleep induces shorter nighttime sleep duration. Among the sleep arrangements, such as nighttime breastfeeding or co-sleeping, only nighttime breastfeeding predicted shorter nighttime sleep duration. Our findings indicate that shorter naps induce a longer nighttime sleep in 1.5-year-old toddlers while nighttime breastfeeding decreases their nighttime sleep duration.

scholarly journals Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽  
Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽  
Samer Swedan ◽  
Refat Nimer ◽  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110184
Author(s):  
Lavanya Venkatasamy ◽  
Damir Nizamutdinov ◽  
Jaclyn Jenkins ◽  
Lee A Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Gulf War Illness ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hippocampal Astrocytes ◽  
Emotional Deficits

Gulf war illness (GWI), is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has impacted approximately one-third of the veterans who served in the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. GWI symptoms include cognitive impairments (eg, memory and concentration problems), headaches, migraines, fatigue, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, as well as emotional deficits. The exposure to neurological chemicals such as the anti-nerve gas drug, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and the insecticide permethrin (PER), may contribute to the etiologically related factors of GWI. Various studies utilizing mouse models of GWI have reported the interplay of these chemical agents in increasing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Astrocytes are involved in the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pathological conditions and have been implicated in GWI symptomology. We hypothesized that exposure to PB and PER causes lasting changes to hippocampal astrocytes, concurrent with chronic cognitive deficits that can be reversed by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). GWI was induced in CD1 mice by injecting the mixture of PER (200 mg/kg) and PB (2 mg/kg), i.p. for 10 consecutive days. VNS stimulators were implanted at 33 weeks after GWI induction. The results show age-related cognitive alterations at approximately 9 months after exposure to PB and PER. The results also showed an increased number of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus that was ameliorated by VNS.

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