Shyness, Egocentricity, and Psychopathology: Their Relationships among Nonhospitalized Individuals and Mental Hospital Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between shyness and egocentricity in both psychiatric (hospitalized) and nonhospitalized groups, 162 adult men and women diagnosed as paranoid or undifferentiated schizophrenic, and a control group of 162 nonhospitalized individuals matched for age and gender were studied. Shyness was assessed on the Social Reticence Scale and egocentricity by the Self-focus Sentence Completion. Analysis indicated that the patients were more shy than nonhospitalized individuals. Paranoid schizophrenics were not different from undifferentiated schizophrenics on egocentricity and the Self-focus Sentence Completion subscales. Nonhospitalized individuals and the mental hospital patients were egocentric on the Self-focus Sentence Completion. For this reason, relationships among shyness, egocentricity, and psychopathology could not be demonstrated.

STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF AGGRESSION

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Graña Gómez ◽  
Jose Manuel Andreu ◽  
Heather Lynn Rogers ◽  
Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla
Keyword(s):  
Social Representation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Attribution Styles ◽  
Effect Of Age

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the structural dimensions of social representation of aggression through the Expressive Representations of Aggression Scale – EXPAGG (Campbell, Muncer, & Coyle, 1992). This scale is used in many studies of aggressive behavior among youth and in adolescent populations. Moreover, the EXPAGG is one of the self-report techniques most commonly used in the field of aggression research to measure expressive and instrumental attributions. This study uses various statistical procedures to analyze the data from a representative sample of adolescents in the community of Madrid to conclude that the EXPAGG is a reliable and valid test to measure different attribution styles of aggression in youth and adolescents. In addition, a tridimensional structure of social representation of aggression and a significant effect of age and gender were found.

scholarly journals The role of TNF-? in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma “a study in Iraqi patients”

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

During recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the investigation of the cytokines roles in pathogenesis of cancer, thus the study aimed at evaluating the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in sera of Iraqi multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Beta 2-microglobulion (?2-m) was assessed to determine if there was any association between this cytokine and the level of ?2- m, as the latter is related to the stage of the disease. In addition, the age and gender were also taken into consideration. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between IgG and TNF-? in sera of patients. 49 Iraqi patients (27 males and 22 females).The patients were also divided into two groups: the first group included (17) patients who were recently diagnosed and not received any treatment at the time of collecting samples while the second group included (32) patients who received treatment. A further group was also investigated which included (12) apparently healthy individuals (9 males and 3 females), who were regarded as a control group. Serum TNF-? and ?2- m were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).while the concentration of IgG was measured by radial immune diffusion plates The study reached to the following results: TNF-? levels were not significantly elevated in the patients with MM compared to control group (5.98 ± 8.47 SD vs. 4.85 ± 12.1 SD) and no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean (6.02 ±8.1SD vs 5.9 ±9.4SD) concentration of TNF-? in patients with MM who received treatment, when compared with those who did not take the treatment .In addition, there are positive significant correlations between TNF-? and ? 2 Microglobulin (r = 0.316, P = 0 .027), and no relationship between IgG and TNF-? (r = - 0.032, P = 0.829).Furthermore, the study observed that, there was no correlation between TNF-? on the one hand and factors of age and gender on the other hand.

scholarly journals Median Rhomboid Glossitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Goregen ◽  
Ozkan Miloglu ◽  
Mustafa Cemil Buyukkurt ◽  
Fatma Caglayan ◽  
Ayse Esin Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between median rhomboid glossitis (MRG) and Candida and bacteria species, prevalence and possible association with age, gender, smoking, denture wearing, and diabetes mellitus. Methods: Tongue examinations were performed on 4244 consecutive patients. Of all the examined patients, 30 diagnosed with MRG were selected as the study group and another 30 patients were selected as the control group, and these 2 groups were compared in terms of age and gender. Tongue cultures from these 60 patients were subjected to bacterial and mycological examinations. Results: MRG frequency was detected to be 0.7%. In mycological examination, Candida species were determined in 90.0% of the MRG patients and in 46.6% of the control group. This difference was statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that diabetes mellitus and 20–39 years of age were significantly related to MRG. However, the association between MRG, gender, smoking, and 40–69 years of age was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It was determined that although there was a significant association between MRG, Candida and diabetes mellitus, the possible risk factors such as gender, smoking, and denture wearing for oral candidiasis were invalid for MRG. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:367-372)

scholarly journals Relationship between violence and social integration in classrooms of elementary education

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez Escobar ◽  
Eva Hernández Granda ◽  
Juan Herrero Olaizola ◽  
Cristina Estrada Pineda ◽  
Claudia Chan Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
School Based ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The aggressiveness in the school classrooms is a growing up phenomenon that is now in the center of the social concern. This study was conducted in a Elementary School Center at The Principality of Asturias, and aims to establish the relationship between the interactions the children make with their peers and the violent behaviors inside of the school based on the age and gender. Participants were 132 students. The results support the idea that boys show more violent behavior than girls, the age issue was significant (the upper grade of the student means more use of the violence). Besides the kids seen by their teacher as violent are rejected and less popular in the class; this does not happen in the case of both girls and the children of the lower grades, because there is not a significant correlation between aggressiveness and integration into the group

Perceived Family Climate and Self-Esteem in Adolescents With ADHD: A Study With a Control Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Necmi Uçar ◽  
Şafak Eray ◽  
Ayşe Pınar Vural ◽  
Ömer Kocael
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Objective: In this study, our objective is to assess the perception of family environments by adolescents with ADHD based on perceived expressed emotion (EE) and the self-esteem of the adolescents. Method: Uludag University Medical Faculty Hospital completed this study with 41 adolescents with ADHD and 35 control group participants who were matched based on age and gender. Results: The total scores of perceived EE, described as a lack of emotional support, irritability, and intrusiveness, were significantly higher in ADHD group than in the control group. The group with ADHD also showed significantly lower self-esteem. There was a negative correlation between self-esteem scores and total perceived EE scores in the ADHD group and the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that the adolescents with ADHD perceive less emotional support and higher levels of intrusiveness, with patients also describing their families as more irritating. Other results in this study show that adolescents with less emotional support possess lower self-esteem, as do adolescents with more irritable parents.

scholarly journals Dental and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher X. W. Tan ◽  
Henk S. Brand ◽  
Bilgin Kalender ◽  
Nanne K. H. De Boer ◽  
Tymour Forouzanfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Preventive Dental Care ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives Although bowel symptoms are often predominant, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can have several oral manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to an age and gender-matched control group of patients without IBD. Material and methods The DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) scores and the DPSI (Dutch Periodontal Screening Index) of 229 IBD patients were retrieved from the electronic health record patient database axiUm at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) and were compared to the DMFT scores and DPSI from age and gender-matched non-IBD patients from the same database. Results The total DMFT index was significantly higher in the IBD group compared to the control group. When CD and UC were analyzed separately, a statistically significant increased DMFT index was observed in CD patients but not in UC patients. The DPSI did not differ significantly between the IBD and non-IBD groups for each of the sextants. However, in every sextant, IBD patients were more frequently edentulous compared to the control patients. Conclusion CD patients have significantly more dental health problems compared to a control group. Periodontal disease did not differ significantly between IBD and non-IBD groups as determined by the DPSI. Clinical relevance It is important that IBD patients and physicians are instructed about the correlation between their disease and oral health problems. Strict oral hygiene and preventive dental care such as more frequent checkups should be emphasized by dental clinicians.

scholarly journals No Self Without Salience: Affective and Self-relevance Ratings of 552 Emotionally Valenced and Neutral Dutch Words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora I. Dimitrova ◽  
Eline M. Vissia ◽  
Hanneke Geugies ◽  
Hedwig Hofstetter ◽  
Sima Chalavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is unknown how self-relevance is dependent on emotional salience. Emotional salience encompasses an individual's degree of attraction or aversion to emotionally-valenced information. The current study investigated the interconnection between self and salience through the evaluation of emotional valence and self-relevance. 56 native Dutch participants completed a questionnaire assessing valence, intensity, and self-relevance of 552 Dutch nouns and verbs. One-way repeated-measures ANCOVA investigated the relationship between valence and self, age and gender. Repeated-measures ANCOVA also tested the relationship between valence and self with intensity ratings and effects of gender and age. Results showed a significant main effect of valence for self-relevant words. Intensity analyses showed a main effect of valence but not of self-relevance. There were no significant effects of gender and age. The most important finding presents that self-relevance is dependent on valence. These findings concerning the relationship between self and salience opens avenues to study an individual's self-definition.

scholarly journals “When we talk about intimate partner violence we talk in an adult way” – Social workers’ descriptions of intimate partner violence between teenagers

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502110028
Author(s):  
Emmy Högström Tagesson ◽  
Carina Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

This article examines how seven social workers within the Swedish social services describe intimate partner violence between teenagers (IPV-BT). The article adds to the literature by examining IPV-BT outside a U.S. context, where most studies have been conducted. Based on semistructured qualitative interviews, the authors analyze descriptions of IPV-BT in relation to Charles Tilly’s notion of category making through transfer, encounter, negotiation, and imposition. They also analyze how the social workers’ descriptions of IPV-BT relate to the intersection between age and gender. The results show that the social workers mostly described IPV-BT by referring to encounters with teenagers and by transferring knowledge and theoretical definitions from their specialized working areas, primarily intimate partner violence between adults (IPV-BA) and troubled youth. More rarely, the social workers based their definitions of IPV-BT upon negotiating dialogues with teenagers. Also, those who worked in teams specialized on IPV had the mandate to impose their definitions of IPV-BT to other professionals and teenagers. When taking age and gender hierarchies in consideration, the results show IPV-BT risks being subordinate IPV-BA on a theoretical level, a practical level and in terms of treatment quality. The study suggests that social work with IPV-BT needs to be sensitive to the double subordinations of the teenage girl and of the teenagers who do not follow gender expectations.

scholarly journals A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suju Wang ◽  
Wenyang Hao ◽  
Chunxiao Xu ◽  
Daofeng Ni ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

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