Age Effects in Perception of Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wittmann ◽  
Sandra Lehnhoff
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Despite the widespread belief that the subjective speed of the passage of time increases with age, empirical results are controversial. In this study, a combination of questionnaires was employed to assess subjective time perception by 499 subjects, ages 14 to 94 years. Pearson correlations and nonlinear regression analyses on a variety of questionnaires and the age of the participants show that the momentary perception of the passage of time and the retrospective judgment of past periods of time are a function of chronological age; however, small-to-moderate effects accounted for at most 10% of the variance. Results generally support the widespread perception that the passage of time speeds up with age. These results are discussed in the context of models of prospective and retrospective time judgment, but interpretations have to be treated with caution given methodological limitations.

scholarly journals Percepção do tempo: da psicologia para a psicolinguística

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Thiago Oliveira da Motta Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Aspectual Coercion ◽  
Perception Of Time

As pesquisas sobre a percepção do tempo surgiram na psicologia com o objetivo de compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na cronobiologia, na estimação do tempo subjetivo e na coordenação temporal de algumas respostas motoras. Os avanços alcançados nesta disciplina resultaram em um modelo de processamento de informação que visa explicar nossa estimação do tempo subjetivo. Os estudos da linguagem lidam frequentemente com fenômenos de ordem temporal, como a coerção aspectual. A coerção ocorre quando um verbo pontual é inserido em contextos durativos, forçando uma leitura iterativa do evento [a criança espirrou o tempo todo]. Apenas recentemente, porém, o conhecimento sobre a percepção do tempo alcançaria a linguística, expandindo as previsões do fenômeno da coerção aspectual. Este trabalho consiste em uma breve revisão dos principais conceitos em percepção do tempo, buscando relaciona-los com as atuais hipóteses sobre coerção.********************************************************************The perception of time: from Psychology to PsycholinguisticsAbstract: Research on time perception born aiming at understanding the mechanisms underlying chronobiology, the estimation of subjective time and the temporal coordination of some motor responses. The progress made by the discipline raised an information processing model that explains the cognitive mechanisms involved in the psychological time. Linguistic research also deals with some time-related phenomena, such as aspectual coercion. Coercion occurs when a punctual verb is inserted into durative contexts, forcing an iterative reading of the event [the child sneezed all the day long]. Only recently the concepts of subjective time reached the research on language and expanded the predictions of some linguistic phenomena. The present paper consists of a brief review of the main concepts on time perception, aiming at stablishing a relation between the psychology of time and the psycholinguistics of aspectual coercion.Keywords: Time perception; Cognitive psychology; Psycholinguistics; Aspectual coercion

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME PERCEPTION AND IMPULSIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Relationship

Identifying the relationship between characteristics of the individual perception of time and the personality trait of impulsivity is the problem this study is devoted to. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationships between the various components of impulsiveness as a personality trait and the characteristics of an individual minute (IM) taking into account age and gender in a sample of Ukrainian university students (62 participants aged 17-22; 11 of them are men). To assess the features of time perception, the IM method was used according to F. Halberg. As the characteristics of MI, we used the mean and standard deviation for three consecutive measurements of IM and the average error of subjective time relative to objective one in percent. Impulsivity was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale test in the Ukrainian adaptation, which reveals 5 indicators of impulsivity: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. For Ukrainian students, impulsivity indicators correspond to the average norms of the French sample. The mean IM is 61.3 seconds and it is in the range of 36-88 seconds, the standard deviation of 3 IM measurements is 8 seconds, the average error of the subjective time relatively to the objective one was 9%. An inverse relationship between the mean duration of IM and the impulsivity index “positive urgency” was revealed. A direct relationship between the variability of the IM, the average error of the IM in percent and the impulsivity index “lack of perseverance” was also revealed. There are no signifiant differences in the mean duration of IM between men and women. At the same time, women have a signifiantly higher variability in time estimation – the standard deviation of IM is signifiantly greater in them than in men. By the characteristics of the impulsiveness, women have a signifiantly higher indicator of positive urgency than men. Age-related differences in the features of perception of time and impulsivity were not found. It will be worth to study relations of IM with other personality peculiarities such as Big Five traits and temperament types. This would give us more insights about diagnostical usefulness of IM measurements as proxy between physiological and psychological conditions of people.

scholarly journals “Time Slows Down Whenever You Are Around” for Women but Not for Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Arantes ◽  
Margarida Pinho ◽  
John Wearden ◽  
Pedro Barbas Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Speed Dating ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perception Of Time

What happens when we unexpectedly see an attractive potential partner? Previous studies in laboratory settings suggest that the visualization of attractive and unattractive photographs influences the perception of time. The major aim of this research is to study time perception and attraction in a realistic social scenario, by investigating if changes in subjective time measured during a speed dating are associated with attraction. The duration of the dates was variable and participants had to estimate the time that passed. Among other measures, participants also rated the potential partners in terms of their physical attractiveness before and after the dates and reported if they would like to exchange contact with them. Results showed that, in a real speed dating situation, when there is a perception of the partner as being physically more attractive, women tend to overestimate the duration of that meeting, whereas men tend to underestimate its duration. Such changes may reflect evolutionary adaptations which make the human cognitive system more responsive in situations related to reproductive fitness.

Bayesian Inference in Human Time Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Psychophysical Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the perception and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. First, we present a brief history of research and the methods used in time perception and then discuss the psychophysical approach to time, extant models of time perception, and advancing inconsistencies between each account that this review aims to bridge the gap between. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. Evidence for this framework has been found using human psychophysical testing (experimental methods to quantify behaviour in the perceptual system). Finally, an outlook for how these models can advance future research in temporal perception is discussed.

Discounting Time and Time Discounting: Subjective Time Perception and Intertemporal Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Zauberman ◽  
B. Kyu Kim ◽  
Selin A. Malkoc ◽  
James R. Bettman
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intertemporal Preferences ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Within Subjects

Consumers often make decisions about outcomes and events that occur over time. This research examines consumers' sensitivity to the prospective duration relevant to their decisions and the implications of such sensitivity for intertemporal trade-offs, especially the degree of present bias (i.e., hyperbolic discounting). The authors show that participants' subjective perceptions of prospective duration are not sufficiently sensitive to changes in objective duration and are nonlinear and concave in objective time, consistent with psychophysical principles. More important, this lack of sensitivity can explain hyperbolic discounting. The results replicate standard hyperbolic discounting effects with respect to objective time but show a relatively constant rate of discounting with respect to subjective time perceptions. The results are replicated between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiments 2), with multiple time horizons and multiple descriptors, and with different measurement orders. Furthermore, the authors show that when duration is primed, subjective time perception is altered (Experiment 4) and hyperbolic discounting is reduced (Experiment 3).

scholarly journals Kunst des Wartens – Zeitempfinden in Martin Mosebachs Roman Mogador (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
German Bank ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Bank Employee

Sztuka czekania – percepcja czasu w powieści Mogador (2016) Martina Mosebacha Powieść Martina Mosebacha Mogador konfrontuje dwie kultury. Bohater – młody, odnoszący sukcesy pracownik banku z Niemiec – musi spędzić kilka tygodni w Maroku wśród jego mieszkańców. Musi zmierzyć się z obcymi zwyczajami i innym rytmem życia ludzi, którzy wydają się mieć znacznie więcej czasu i nie muszą poddawać się jego presji. W artykule skupiono się na przedstawieniach percepcji czasu (np. w czasie wolnym, w trakcie posiłków czy oczekiwania), która wydaje się jedną z najważniejszych różnic pomiędzy kulturą europejską a marokańską. Artykuł ma na celu opisanie ludzkiej tęsknoty za godnym przeżywaniem czasu, za tzw. slow life, która wydaje się pragnieniem ukrytym pod niepokojem i szybkością współczesnego świata. Art of Waiting – Perception of Time in Martin Mosebach’s Novel Mogador (2016) Martin Mosebach’s novel Mogador confronts two cultures; the protagonist, a young, successful, German bank employee must spend some weeks in Morocco among the locals. He has to deal with foreign customs and another rhythm of life among people who seem to have much more time and don’t have to subject themselves to the pressure of the clock. The article focuses on the depictions of time perception (e.g. during leisure time, meals, waiting, etc.), which seems to be one of the most important differences between them. The article aims to describe the human longing for dignified handling of time, for slow life, which seems to be a yearning hidden under the anxiety and speed of the modern world.

scholarly journals Biological age in UK Biobank: biomarker composition and prediction of mortality, coronary heart disease and hospital admissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Sum Chan ◽  
Matthew Arnold ◽  
Alison Offer ◽  
Imen Hammami ◽  
Marion Mafham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Uk Biobank

AbstractBackgroundAge is the strongest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and yet individuals may age at different rates biologically. A biological age formed from biomarkers may be a stronger risk factor than chronological age and understanding what factors contribute to it could provide insight into new opportunities for disease prevention.Methods and findingsAmong 480,019 UK Biobank participants aged 40-70 recruited in 2006-2010 and followed up for 6-12 years via linked death registry and secondary care records, a subpopulation of 141,254 (29.4%) non-smoking adults in good health and with no medication use or disease history at baseline were identified. Independent components of 72 biomarkers measured at baseline were characterised by principal component analysis. The Klemera Doubal method (KDM), which derived a weighted sum of biomarker principal components based on the strengths of their linear associations with chronological age, was used to derive sex-specific biological ages in this healthy subpopulation. The proportions of the overall biological and chronological age effects on mortality, coronary heart disease and age-related non-fatal hospital admissions (based on a hospital frailty index) that were explained by biological age were assessed using log-likelihoods of proportional hazards models.Reduced lung function, reduced kidney function, slower reaction time, lower insulin-like-growth factor 1, lower hand grip strength and higher blood pressure were key contributors to biological age (explaining the highest percentages of its variance) in both men and women, while lower albumin, higher sex hormone-binding globulin and lower muscle mass in men, and higher liver enzymes, blood lipids and HbA1c in women were also important. Across both sexes, a 51-principal component biological age explained 66%, 80% and 63% of the age effects on mortality, coronary heart disease and hospital admissions, respectively. Restricting the biological age to the 12-13 key biomarkers corresponding to the 10 most importantly contributing principal components resulted in little change in these proportions for women, but a reduction to 53%, 63% and 50%, respectively, for men.ConclusionsThis study identified that markers of impaired function in a range of organs account for a substantial proportion of the apparent effect of age on disease and hospital admissions. It supports a broader, multi-system approach to research and prevention of diseases of ageing.

Method for Measuring the Rate of Subjective Time

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. McGrath ◽  
James F. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Standard Interval

A method was developed for measuring rate of subjective time ( RST). Subjective time ( T) was recorded in subjects making a series of contiguous estimations of a standard interval of time. The results showed that T generally increased as a linear function of real time ( t). RST was measured by describing T as a linear function of t and by differentiating that function in respect to t. Individual differences in RST were large and stable within a test session. The differences were reliable from one session to the next. Within the range studied (1 to 10 min.) the duration of the standard interval had no systematic effect upon RSTs. And, RSTs were related in the appropriate direction to traditional measures of time perception. It was concluded that the RST is a useful measure for research on time perception.

How Self-Motion in Virtual Reality Affects the Subjective Perception of Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Stefan Weber ◽  
David Weibel ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Self Motion

The velocity of moving stimuli has been linked to their experienced duration. This effect was extended to instances of self-motion, where one’s own movement affects the subjective length of time. However, the experimental evidence for this extension is scarce and the effect of self-motion has not been investigated using a reproduction paradigm. Therefore, we designed a virtual reality scenario that controls for attention and eliminates the confounding effect of velocity and acceleration. The scenario consisted of a virtual road on which participants (n = 26) moved along in a car for six different durations and with six different velocities. We measured the subjective duration of the movement with reproduction and direct numerical estimation. We also assessed levels of presence in the virtual world. Our results show that higher velocity was connected to longer subjective time for both forms of measurement. However, the effect showed deviations from linearity. Presence was not associated with subjective time and did not improve performance on the task. We interpreted the effect of velocity as corroborating previous work using stimulus motion, which showed the same positive association between velocity of movement and subjective time. The absence of an effect of presence was explained in terms of a lacking dependency of time on characteristics of the virtual environment. We suggest applying our findings to the design of virtual experiences intended for inducing time loss.

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