scholarly journals Kunst des Wartens – Zeitempfinden in Martin Mosebachs Roman Mogador (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
German Bank ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Bank Employee

Sztuka czekania – percepcja czasu w powieści Mogador (2016) Martina Mosebacha Powieść Martina Mosebacha Mogador konfrontuje dwie kultury. Bohater – młody, odnoszący sukcesy pracownik banku z Niemiec – musi spędzić kilka tygodni w Maroku wśród jego mieszkańców. Musi zmierzyć się z obcymi zwyczajami i innym rytmem życia ludzi, którzy wydają się mieć znacznie więcej czasu i nie muszą poddawać się jego presji. W artykule skupiono się na przedstawieniach percepcji czasu (np. w czasie wolnym, w trakcie posiłków czy oczekiwania), która wydaje się jedną z najważniejszych różnic pomiędzy kulturą europejską a marokańską. Artykuł ma na celu opisanie ludzkiej tęsknoty za godnym przeżywaniem czasu, za tzw. slow life, która wydaje się pragnieniem ukrytym pod niepokojem i szybkością współczesnego świata. Art of Waiting – Perception of Time in Martin Mosebach’s Novel Mogador (2016) Martin Mosebach’s novel Mogador confronts two cultures; the protagonist, a young, successful, German bank employee must spend some weeks in Morocco among the locals. He has to deal with foreign customs and another rhythm of life among people who seem to have much more time and don’t have to subject themselves to the pressure of the clock. The article focuses on the depictions of time perception (e.g. during leisure time, meals, waiting, etc.), which seems to be one of the most important differences between them. The article aims to describe the human longing for dignified handling of time, for slow life, which seems to be a yearning hidden under the anxiety and speed of the modern world.

Bayesian Inference in Human Time Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Psychophysical Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the perception and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. First, we present a brief history of research and the methods used in time perception and then discuss the psychophysical approach to time, extant models of time perception, and advancing inconsistencies between each account that this review aims to bridge the gap between. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. Evidence for this framework has been found using human psychophysical testing (experimental methods to quantify behaviour in the perceptual system). Finally, an outlook for how these models can advance future research in temporal perception is discussed.

Age Effects in Perception of Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wittmann ◽  
Sandra Lehnhoff
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Despite the widespread belief that the subjective speed of the passage of time increases with age, empirical results are controversial. In this study, a combination of questionnaires was employed to assess subjective time perception by 499 subjects, ages 14 to 94 years. Pearson correlations and nonlinear regression analyses on a variety of questionnaires and the age of the participants show that the momentary perception of the passage of time and the retrospective judgment of past periods of time are a function of chronological age; however, small-to-moderate effects accounted for at most 10% of the variance. Results generally support the widespread perception that the passage of time speeds up with age. These results are discussed in the context of models of prospective and retrospective time judgment, but interpretations have to be treated with caution given methodological limitations.

On the Relation between Time Perception and the Timing of Motor Action: Evidence for a Temporal Oscillator Controlling the Timing of Movement

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Treisman ◽  
Andrew Faulkner ◽  
Peter L. N. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Characteristic Frequency ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Perception Of Time

Studies of time estimation have provided evidence that human time perception is determined by an internal clock containing a temporal oscillator and have also provided estimates of the frequency of this oscillator (Treisman, Faulkner, Naish, & Brogan, 1992; Treisman & Brogan, 1992). These estimates were based on the observation that when the intervals to be estimated are accompanied by auditory clicks that recur at certain critical rates, perturbations in time estimation occur. To test the hypothesis that the mechanisms that underlie the perception of time and those that control the timing of motor performance are similar, analogous experiments were performed on motor timing, with the object of seeing whether evidence for a clock would be obtained and if so whether its properties resemble those of the time perception clock. The prediction was made that perturbations in motor timing would be seen at the same or similar critical auditory click rates. The experiments examined choice reaction time and typing. The results support the hypothesis that a temporal oscillator paces motor performance and that this oscillator is similar to the oscillator underlying time perception. They also provide an estimate of the characteristic frequency of the oscillator.

scholarly journals PHASE INTERACTION BETWEEN EEG RHYTHMS IN THE STUDY OF PROCESSES OF TIME PERCEPTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Bushov ◽  
M. V. Svetlik
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Bispectral Analysis ◽  
Eeg Rhythms ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Gamma Rhythm ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Occipital Lobes

The present study pursued to investigate the role of phase interactions between EEG rhythms in the process of the perception of time. The purpose of the study was to analyse the dependence of these interactions on the type and stage of the activity being performed, as well as on the individual characteristics of a human. For this purpose, 27 boys and 29 girls, all university students, were asked to reproduce and measure short intervals of time (200 and 800 ms), during which their EEG was recorded in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, according to the system 10–20%. While studying phase interactions between EEG rhythms, we used wavelet bispectral analysis and calculated the bicoherence function. As it follows from the conducted research, most often close phase interactions are observed between the gamma-rhythm and other rhythms of EEG or between different frequencies of the gamma-rhythm. It was established that the phase interactions under study were influenced by the factors of “sex”, “activity type”, and “activity stage”. The study showed correlations of phase interactions with the levels of intellect, extraversion, neuroticism, with the particularities of the lateral organisation of brain, and the accuracy of time perception.

scholarly journals Perception and cognition of time in elderly patients (review of foreign studies)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
A.I. Melehin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Productive Aging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Perception Of Time

The process of cognition and perception of time in the elderly (55-75 years) and old (75-90 years) people was always a matter of interest for gerontologists and psychologists looking for the answer to the question why in old age time flows very quickly on one hand and very slowly on the other hand. Studies show that the ability to adequately perceive and prioritize its activities in time in elderly patients depends on the physical, intellectual and social activity, and other factors that determine the quality of life and promote productive aging. The purpose of this article is to familiarize professionals with notions of perception and cognition of time, as well as paradigms of time perception studies in psychology. The article also familiarizes the readers with foreign research aspects of time cognition, i.e, orientation in time, perception of time intervals, time perspective, and mental journey of elderly patients through time

scholarly journals Timescales and the Factors Influencing Time Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
Aki Pasoulas
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Many

This article explores timescales within absolute and psychological times, and identifies the many factors that affect our perception of time passing and estimation of durations, which inevitably influence our perception of musical structures; in particular, it discusses listening experiences, and theoretical approaches to psychological states and emotional responses. It proposes a process according to which the time-influencing factors operate between listener and music. The discussion is approached through the lens of the electroacoustic composer and makes references to short excerpts from the author’s work and related repertoire. However, as the article discusses time in relation to sound structures, it is also relevant to other time-based sound art and music.

Engagement and time perception in virtual reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 913-918
Author(s):  
Tyler Read ◽  
Christopher A. Sanchez ◽  
Raffaele De Amicis
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Perception Of Time

Virtual reality (VR) is a simulation tool that is being used extensively to study the effects of training and perception. However, several studies have shown that some aspects of perception within VR are not always accurate. The present study investigates the perception of time within a VR environment by asking for retrospective time judgments of the length of VR experiences. These environments varied in both the level of interaction with the VR environment, and also the spatial properties of the environment itself. The judged length of time did not significantly differ between conditions based on the level of activity in the environment. However, the spatial properties of the VR environment did produce significantly different time estimations. This finding suggests that careful attention should be paid to what and how users are trained or evaluated in VR.

FREQUENCY AND CORRELATION OF TEMPORAL MARKERS IN THE ARCHITECTONICS OF PUBLICISTIC DISCOURSE OF ELLEN BARRY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF “THE NEW YORK TIMES”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
NATALIIA A. TROFIMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The article is devoted to the study of the frequency and correlation of chronemes in the publicistic discourse of Ellen Barry. The importance of including data from linguo- cognitive science, cultural linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and other related disciplines is substantiated in order to study the relationship between the category of gender and discourse in modern linguistic science. The algorithm of linguistic modeling of representation in the publicistic discourse of the realities of the modern world is described in detail. A review of gender differences in the perception of time is carried out. The study of the use of chronemes in artistic discourse in the works of E. A. Ogneva, Yu. A. Kuzminykh, E. I. Guzhva, E. I. Buzina, D. A. Koptseva, I. A. Danilenko, as well as in publicistic discourse in the works of the author of the article (N. A. Trofimova) is performed. The necessity of correlation of the cognitive-hermeneutic method of studying markers of temporality and cognitive modeling is substantiated. As a result of the application of the cognitive hermeneutic method, in the articles of Ellen Barry various markers of temporality were identified. The specificity of their representation in the publicistic discourse of Ellen Barry has been established by means of the quantitative method of researching chronemes. The correlation of the vocabulary volume of the publicistic articles and the number of cronemes used on “The New York Times” was revealed. It is concluded that there is a partial correlation between the vocabulary volume of the analyzed articles and the concentration of markers of temporality of non- verbal communication.

Time Perception: Effects of Task Speed and Delay

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Pedri ◽  
Beryl Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Delay Analysis ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Slow Condition ◽  
Perception Of Time

The study examined the effect of task speed and delay on the perception of time. 60 subjects were randomly allocated to four groups in a 2 × 2 design. The first factor related to the speed of the task (fast or slow) undertaken during the time to be estimated, while the second factor related to when time estimates were obtained (immediately after the task versus following a delay). Analysis supported the hypothesised interaction, with time estimates being shorter in the fast than in the slow condition when obtained immediately after the task but longer in the fast than the slow condition when obtained after a delay. Results are discussed in relation to cognitive theories of time perception.

Two Cultures, One University: The Institutional Origins of the “Two Cultures” Controversy

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-624
Author(s):  
Guy Ortolano
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Literary Intellectuals ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Educational Ideals ◽  
Institutional Origins

[T]he life of a country is determined by its educational ideals—Scrutiny, 1932[I]t is obligatory for us…to look at our education with fresh eyes.—C. P. Snow, 1959In 1959 C. P. Snow turned a phrase that continues to shape our perceptions of intellectual life in the twentieth century. Intellectuals, he observed, were divided into “two cultures,” the arts and the sciences, and between them stood “a gulf of mutual incomprehension.” That gulf constituted a crisis, because while literary intellectuals were said to control the heights of power, only the scientists possessed the knowledge and vision necessary to confront the problems of the modern world. Snow’s argument attracted widespread comment on both sides of the Atlantic, and its continuing purchase is attested to by the Cambridge University Press’s reprint of the lecture in 1993 with an introduction by Stefan Collini.

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