scholarly journals Comparative Multimodal Palliative efficacy of gabapentin and tramadol By Using Two Pain Scoring Systems in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-434
Author(s):  
Ameer Hamza Rabbani ◽  
Qudrat Ullah ◽  
Omer Naseer ◽  
Faizan Haider Gardezi ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract The analgesic efficacy of the gabapentin-tramadol combination was compared with meloxicam-tramadol and tramadol perioperative analgesic regimens in cats brought to the clinic for ovariohysterectomy. Thirty adult cats belonging to comparable demographics (age, body weight), were enrolled into a randomized, blinded study after due consent from their owners into four treatment groups. A Gabapentin-Tramadol group (GT-group, n = 10), Meloxicam-Tramadol group (MT-group, n = 10), and a Tramadol group (T-group, n = 10) were formed. Gabapentin capsules at 50 mg were administered orally 2 hours before surgery while the rest received a placebo dose. Tramadol (2 mg/kg, IM) and meloxicam at (0.2 mg/kg, SC) were injected immediately prior to anesthetic premedication. Anesthetic protocol involved premedication with ketamine and xylazine, while anesthesia was induced using propofol. Inhalant isoflurane anesthesia was used to maintain a surgical plane. GT group scored lower on IVAS as well as CPS than MT group, and T group for up to 8 hours after surgery. The mechanical nociceptive threshold remained higher (98±0) for up to 12 hours postoperatively a nd serum cortisol concentrations remained significantly lower during the 24hr period. The addition of gabapentin to the tramadol regimen significantly improved analgesia and mechanical nociceptive threshold than when used on its own.

Comparison of the Effects of Buprenorphine, Oxymorphone Hydrochloride, and Ketoprofen for Postoperative Analgesia After Onychectomy or Onychectomy and Sterilization in Cats

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dobbins ◽  
Nancy O. Brown ◽  
Frances S. Shofer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
Serum Cortisol Concentration

In this prospective, randomized, blinded study, 68 clinically healthy cats that had onychectomy (n=20), onychectomy and castration (n=20), or onychectomy and ovariohysterectomy (n=28) were randomly assigned to one of four postoperative analgesic treatment groups: buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly [IM]), oxymorphone hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg body weight, IM), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg body weight, IM), and placebo (physiological saline). Sedation scores, visual analog pain scores, cumulative pain scores, serum cortisol concentration, and appetite were used to assess postoperative analgesic effect. Buprenorphine demonstrated the highest efficacy with the lowest cumulative pain scores and serum cortisol levels.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of Intra operative stress response under general anesthesia: A randomized double blinded study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
R Krishna Prabu ◽  
P Rani ◽  
NP Madhu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: This randomized double blinded study was done to compare the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of stress response during surgeries under general anesthesia in adults. The attenuation of stress response was analyzed with changes in serum cortisol and glucose levels one hour after induction of anesthesia. Methods: Fifty consented healthy volunteers in age group 20-50, under ASA I and ASA II posted for elective surgery were included in the study. Two groups of 25 each, group M who received 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine and group F who received 2 microgram/kg body weight of fentanyl before anaesthetic induction were compared. The members of two groups were randomly allocated and double blinded using sealed envelope technique. Blood samples were collected for baseline glucose and cortisol in all the subjects. One hour after the administration of study drugs, which was given at the time of induction blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose and cortisol. The changes in blood glucose and serum cortisol levels were compared at the end of the study using independent samples ‘t’ test. Results: There was no significant difference in blood sugar levels in both groups at the end of 1 hour. But there was significant increase in serum cortisol levels in group F compared to group M. Conclusion: This study concludes that morphine is better than fentanyl in attenuation of Intraoperative stress by effectively controlling serum cortisol levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 65-68

scholarly journals Comparison between methadone and buprenorphine within the QUAD protocol for perioperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Shah ◽  
David Yates ◽  
James Hunt ◽  
Jo Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Methadone Group ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of methadone vs buprenorphine within the QUAD protocol for anaesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods One hundred and twenty cats were recruited to an assessor-blinded, randomised clinical trial. Cats received either methadone (5  mg/m2) or buprenorphine (180 µg/m2) combined with ketamine, midazolam and medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Atipamezole was administered at extubation. Pain was assessed using the feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-F), a dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). Sedation, pain, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured prior to QUAD administration, before intubation, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-QUAD administration. If indicated by the CMPS-F, rescue analgesia was provided with 0.5 mg/kg of methadone administered intramuscularly. Meloxicam was administered after the last assessment. Differences in pain scores between groups were compared using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and requirement for rescue analgesia was compared using a χ2 test. Results Cats administered methadone had lower CMPS-F scores over time ( P = 0.04). Eighteen of 60 cats required rescue analgesia in the methadone group vs 29/60 in the buprenorphine group ( P = 0.028). All cats that received rescue analgesia required it within 6 h post-QUAD administration. There were no differences between groups in MNT or pain measured using the DIVAS. Conclusions and relevance Methadone produced clinically superior postoperative analgesia for the first 8 h after neutering than buprenorphine when used within the QUAD protocol.

scholarly journals Antiarthritic Activity of Qi-Wu Rheumatism Granule (a Chinese Herbal Compound) on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Xu ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhan Sun ◽  
Lu-feng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Herbal Compound ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Chinese Herbal Compound

Objective. The aim was to study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QWRG on adjuvant-induced RA in rats. Methods. The RA rat models were manipulated and subsequently divided into five experimental groups: AIA, DEX, and QWRG groups. The paw volume, body weight, arthritic score, and mechanical nociceptive threshold were assessed. The serum levels of the RF, MDA, ALP, AST, ALT, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-16, and TNF-α were measured. The proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was evaluated, and the synovial tissue was histopathologically examined. Results. The paw swelling and arthritic scores were relieved, and the variation of relative body weight and mechanical nociceptive threshold had improved in the AIA rats. The serum levels of RF, MDA, ALP, AST, and ALT were alleviated, and the inflammation and cartilage damage were effectively attenuated in the AIA rats. Simultaneously, the inflammation of the synovial cavity was alleviated, and the grading of synovitis reduced by inhibiting the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-16 in the serum and synovium tissue. Conclusion. Our results suggested that the antiarthritic properties of QWRG may be due to immunodepression and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, which may be a potential candidate for the treatment of RA.

scholarly journals Evaluating Intrahepatic and Intraperitoneal Sodium Pentobarbital or Ethanol for Mouse Euthanasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Colin A Laferriere ◽  
Vivian SY Leung ◽  
Daniel SJ Pang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Cd1 Mice

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital (PB) is an accepted method of euthanasia for mice. However, this method has important drawbacks, including the potential for pain or misinjection. The objective of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine whether intrahepatic (IH) injection of PB is more effective than IP delivery for mouse euthanasia. Secondary objectives were to: 1) determine whether IP ethanol (ET) is a suitable alternative to PB and 2) study the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on euthanasia with either PB or ET. Eighty adult CD1 mice were randomly assigned to 6 different treatment groups, were euthanized by using IP or IH injections of either PB or ET, and were either anesthetized or conscious before injection. Variables of interest were: 1) misinjection rates (based on necropsy evaluation), 2) time from injection to apnea and 3) time to cessation of heartbeat (CHB). The misinjection rate for IH injections was 93% (28/30). Two successful IH injections resulted in death within 4 s, but this method cannot be recommended due to the possibility for intrathoracic injection ( n = 4). In nonanesthetized mice, time to apnea and CHB was significantly shorter with IP ET (apnea: 72.5 s [median], CHB: 115 s) than with IP PB (apnea: 136 s, CHB: 176 s). Anesthesia at time of injection was associated with a shorter CHB time for IP PB. These data show the difficulty in achieving successful IH injections in mice, but confirm that IP ET is a viable and potentially superior alternative to IP PB. Lastly, anesthesia can shorten time to death after IP injection of PB.

scholarly journals Comparing paracetamol/codeine and meloxicam for postoperative analgesia in dogs: a non-inferiority trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. e61-e61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pacheco ◽  
Toby G Knowles ◽  
James Hunt ◽  
Louisa S Slingsby ◽  
Polly M Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Perioperative Analgesia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Surgery Outcome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

BackgroundThere are limited published data on the analgesic efficacy of paracetamol/codeine in dogs.MethodsProspective, randomised, blinded, positive-controlled clinical trial with 70 dogs (paracetamol/codeine, n=46; meloxicam, n=24) undergoing surgery. Drugs were administered orally 2 hours before and for 48 hours after surgery at the licensed dose. Anaesthesia was standardised. Dogs received buprenorphine 6 hourly for the first 24 hours after surgery. Outcome assessments were made pretrial and at regular intervals up to 48 hours after extubation and comprised the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Score-Short Form, visual analogue scale for sedation and inflammation and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). Non-inferiority of paracetamol/codeine compared with meloxicam was defined using a non-inferiority margin (Δ) against the 95 per cent confidence interval of the difference between the treatment means.ResultsPain scores were low in both treatment groups. With the exception of MNT all upper 95 per cent confidence intervals for the differences between outcome variable treatment means were within +Δ for each variable, establishing non-inferiority for each outcome variable.ConclusionsParacetamol/codeine is a useful perioperative analgesic that within the context of the perioperative analgesia regimen studied (methadone premedication, buprenorphine for the first 24 hours after surgery) shows non-inferiority to the NSAID meloxicam.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2199615
Author(s):  
Emily P Wheeler ◽  
Amanda L Abelson ◽  
Jane C Lindsey ◽  
Lois A Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
To Receive

Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and alfaxalone. Methods This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study. Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IM injection of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg), alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; HAM group), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg; HA group). Sedation scoring (0–9, where 9 indicated maximum sedation) was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins from the time of injection. At 20 mins, an IV catheter placement score (0–10, where 10 indicated least resistance) was performed. Results Twenty-one client-owned adult cats were included in this study. Sedation and IV catheter placement scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Peak sedation was significantly higher ( P = 0.002) in the HAM group (median 9; range 7–9) than in the HA group (median 7; range 3–9), and IV catheter placement scores were significantly higher ( P = 0.001) in the HAM group (median 9.5; range 7–10) compared with the HA group (median 7; range 4–9). Spearman correlations were calculated between IV catheter placement score and sedation scores. There was a significant positive correlation of average sedation over time (correlation 0.83; P <0.001) and sedation at 20 mins (correlation 0.76; P <0.001) with a higher, more favorable IV catheter placement score. Conclusions and relevance These preliminary results suggest that the addition of midazolam to IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone produced more profound sedation and greater ease of IV catheter placement than IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone alone.

scholarly journals Dietary sophorolipid accelerates growth by modulation of gut microbiota population and intestinal environments in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jin Kwak ◽  
Min-Young Park ◽  
Yong-Soon Choi ◽  
Junghwan Cho ◽  
Duleepa Pathiraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract Background Gut is a crucial organ for the host’s defense system due to its filtering action of the intestinal membrane from hazardous foreign substances. One strategy to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier function is to upregulate beneficial microflora populations and their metabolites. Sophorolipid (SPL), which is a glycolipid bio-surfactant, could increase beneficial microflora and decrease pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, herein, we conducted an experiment with broiler chickens to investigate the fortifying effects of SPL on the host’s gut defense system by modulating the microbiota population. Methods A total of 540 1-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were used, and they were immediately allotted into three treatment groups (6 replications with 30 chicks/pen) according to their initial body weight. The dietary treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), BAM (10 mg/kg bambermycin), and SPL (10 mg/kg SPL). During the experiment, birds freely accessed feed and water, and body weight and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. On d 35, birds (one bird/pen) were sacrificed to collect jejunum and cecum samples. Results Dietary SPL and BAM supplementation significantly accelerated birds’ growth and also significantly improved feed efficiency compared to CON. Intestinal microbial community was significantly separated by dietary SPL supplementation from that of CON, and dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila. Moreover, birds fed with dietary SPL also showed the highest concentration of cecal butyrate among all treatment groups. Gut morphological analysis showed that dietary SPL significantly increased villus height, ratio of villus height to crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and the gene expression levels of claudin-1 and mucin 2. Additionally, dietary SPL significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, compared to other treatments. Conclusions Dietary SPL increases the beneficial bacterial population and butyrate concentration, which leads to a strengthened gut barrier function. In addition, the intestinal inflammation was also downregulated by dietary SPL supplementation.

scholarly journals Effect of raw and encapsulated policosanol on lipid profiles, blood biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism of adult cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110137
Author(s):  
James R Templeman ◽  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Alexandra Blanchard ◽  
Christopher PF Marinangeli ◽  
Alexandra Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Activity Energy

Objectives The objective of this study was to verify the safety of policosanol supplementation for domestic cats. The effects of raw and encapsulated policosanol were compared with positive (L-carnitine) and negative (no supplementation) controls on outcomes of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and physical activity in healthy young adult cats. Methods The study was a replicated 4 × 4 complete Latin square design. Eight cats (four castrated males, four spayed females; mean age 3.0 ± 1.0 years; mean weight 4.36 ± 1.08 kg; mean body condition score 5.4 ± 1.4) were blocked by sex and body weight then randomized to treatment groups: raw policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight), encapsulated policosanol (50 mg/kg body weight), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight) or no supplementation. Treatments were supplemented to a basal diet for 28 days with a 1-week washout between periods. Food was distributed equally between two offerings to ensure complete supplement consumption (first offering) and measure consumption time (second offering). Blood collection (lipid profile, complete blood count, serum biochemistry) and indirect calorimetry (energy expenditure, respiratory quotient) were conducted at days 0, 14 and 28 of each period. Activity monitors were worn 7 days prior to indirect calorimetry and blood collection. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model (SAS, v.9.4). Results Food intake and body weight were similar among treatments. There was no effect of treatment on lipid profile, serum biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient ( P >0.05); however, time to consume a second meal was greatest in cats fed raw policosanol ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance These data suggest that policosanol is safe for feline consumption. Further studies with cats demonstrating cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted to confirm whether policosanol therapy is an efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and obesity.

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