Hippocampal electrophysiological responses and changes in oxidative stress marker and serum lipid profile to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of high-fat-fructose diet induced metabolic syndrome

Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the possibility of influencing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic cognitive syndrome. As a model of MetS, we used high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) fed hypertriacylglycerolemic (HTG) rats. Control group included HTG rats fed with HFFD during 8 weeks (HFFD8). Furthermore, we tested the effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Non-pharmacological therapy, which we chose, was a change in diet from HFFD (5 weeks) to standard one (3 weeks) and thus caloric restriction (HFFD5+3). The drug we used was rosmarinic acid (RA; 100mg/kg), which we administered to rats after 5 weeks of HFFD once a day for consecutive 3 weeks with current change in diet to standard one (HFFD5+3+RA) or during lasting last 3 weeks of HFFD (HFFD8+RA). After 8 weeks of experiment, lipid peroxidation markers, lipid profile of blood serum, and neuronal transmission and synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation [LTP]) in hippocampal sections were evaluated in vitro. We observed a significant effect of dietary change in lipid profile (decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-cholesterol] and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-cholesterol]). The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments caused a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation in blood serum. Change in HFFD to standard diet without treatment resulted in slight improvement in neuronal transmission in the hippocampus and caloric restriction alone also had positive effect on LTP maintenance. Our results suggest that combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches had better impact on the biochemical parameters of MetS in blood serum, but weak impact on neuronal functions in the hippocampus, where the expected positive effect was achieved only by caloric restriction.

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Diet-Induced Rabbit Models for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070463 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 463 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wilson M. Lozano ◽

Oscar J. Arias-Mutis ◽

Conrado J. Calvo ◽

Francisco J. Chorro ◽

Manuel Zarzoso

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Processed Food ◽

High Fat ◽

Hypertension Diagnosis ◽

Transgenic Strains

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become a growing problem for public health and clinical practice, given their increased prevalence due to the rise of sedentary lifestyles and excessive caloric intake from processed food rich in fat and sugar. There are several definitions of MetS, but most of them describe it as a cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations such as abdominal obesity, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. Diagnosis requires three out of these five criteria to be present. Despite the increasing prevalence of MetS, the understanding of its pathophysiology and relationship with disease is still limited. Indeed, the pathological consequences of MetS components have been reported individually, but investigations that have studied the effect of the combination of MeS components on organ pathological remodeling are almost nonexistent. On the other hand, animal models are a powerful tool in understanding the mechanisms that underlie pathological processes such as MetS. In the first part of the review, we will briefly overview the advantages, disadvantages and pathological manifestations of MetS in porcine, canine, rodent, and rabbit diet-induced experimental models. Then, we will focus on the different dietary regimes that have been used in rabbits to induce MetS by means of high-fat, cholesterol, sucrose or fructose-enriched diets and their effects on physiological systems and organ remodeling. Finally, we will discuss the use of dietary regimes in different transgenic strains and special rabbit breeds.

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Low-Carb/High-Fat/Fried-Food Diet: The Surprising Effects in Triglycerides, Lipid Profile, and Glycemia in a Patient with a Metabolic Syndrome

Series of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ◽

10.54178/jsedmv3i2005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Cristian Baldini ◽

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Cooking Methods ◽

High Fat ◽

Fried Food ◽

Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽

Positive Effect

We continuously underestimate the eating process: food and cooking methods play a pivotal role in our health. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), more than 117 million American adults have one or more preventable chronic diseases, many of which are related to poor quality eating patterns and physical inactivity. Despite the usual belief about fat in the diet, it has shown that fat has a uniquely positive effect on blood lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk factors. A low-carb/high-fat/fried-food (LCHFFF) diet has shown to be one of the best natural treatments in lipid profile and glycemia in a patient with metabolic syndrome.

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Effect of high-fat-fructose diet on synaptic plasticity in hippocampus and lipid profile of blood serum of rat: pharmacological possibilities of affecting risk factors

European Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.2478/afpuc-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Micháliková ◽

B. Tyukos Kaprinay ◽

B. Lipták ◽

K. Švík ◽

L. Slovák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine pharmacological possibilities of influencing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hypertriacylglycerolemic (HTG) rats fed with high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) were used as a model of the MetS. Wistar rats fed with standard diet were used as negative control group. HTG rats fed with HFFD for 8 weeks were used as positive control group. The effects of atorvastatin and SMe1EC2 were tested. The compounds were administered to the HTG rats after 5 weeks of HFFD, once a day for 3 weeks. After 8 weeks, the blood serum lipid profile and electrophysiology of neurotransmission in hippocampal sections were evaluated in vitro. SMe1EC2 and atorvastatin had a significant effect on total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) and atorvastatin had a significant effect on triacylglycerols (TGs). SMe1EC2 improved the long-term potentiation (LTP) course in the hippocampus.

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Efficacy of Bilberry and Grape Seed Extract Supplement Interventions to Improve Glucose and Cholesterol Metabolism and Blood Pressure in Different Populations—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1692

Author(s):

Teresa Grohmann ◽

Caroline Litts ◽

Graham Horgan ◽

Xuguang Zhang ◽

Nigel Hoggard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Grape Seed Extract ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Good Evidence ◽

Seed Extract

Intervention with fruit extracts may lower glucose and lipid levels, as well as blood pressure. We reviewed the efficacy of bilberry and grape seed extracts to affect these outcomes across populations with varying health status, age and ethnicity, across intervention doses and durations, in 24 intervention studies with bilberry and blackcurrant (n = 4) and grape seed extract (n = 20). Bilberry and blackcurrant extract lowered average levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), at least in Chinese subjects, especially in those who were older, who were diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and who were participating in longer-term studies. We also found good evidence that across studies and in subjects with hypercholesterolemia, T2DM or metabolic syndrome, intervention with bilberry and blackcurrant extract, and to some extent grape seed extract, significantly lowered total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels after four weeks. Intervention with grape seed extract may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subjects with hypertension or metabolic syndrome. Differential responsiveness in cholesterol and blood pressure outcomes between stratified populations could not be explained by age, dose or study duration. In conclusion, bilberry and blackcurrant extract appears effective in lowering HbA1c and total and LDL cholesterol, whereas grape seed extract may lower total and LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure, in specific population groups.

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Metabolic Effects of the Sweet Protein MNEI as a Sweetener in Drinking Water. A Pilot Study of a High Fat Dietary Regimen in a Rodent Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2643

Author(s):

Rosa Cancelliere ◽

Serena Leone ◽

Cristina Gatto ◽

Arianna Mazzoli ◽

Carmine Ercole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Western Diet ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Derangement ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Sweet Proteins ◽

Sweet Protein ◽

Typical Western Diet

Sweeteners have become integrating components of the typical western diet, in response to the spreading of sugar-related pathologies (diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome) that have stemmed from the adoption of unbalanced dietary habits. Sweet proteins are a relatively unstudied class of sweet compounds that could serve as innovative sweeteners, but their introduction on the food market has been delayed by some factors, among which is the lack of thorough metabolic and toxicological studies. We have tried to shed light on the potential of a sweet protein, MNEI, as a fructose substitute in beverages in a typical western diet, by studying the metabolic consequences of its consumption on a Wistar rat model of high fat diet-induced obesity. In particular, we investigated the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and other indicators of metabolic syndrome. We also evaluated systemic inflammation and potential colon damage. MNEI consumption rescued the metabolic derangement elicited by the intake of fructose, namely insulin resistance, altered plasma lipid profile, colon inflammation and translocation of lipopolysaccharides from the gut lumen into the circulatory system. We concluded that MNEI could represent a valid alternative to fructose, particularly when concomitant metabolic disorders such as diabetes and/or glucose intolerance are present.

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Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pablo A. Scacchi Bernasconi ◽

Nancy P. Cardoso ◽

Roxana Reynoso ◽

Pablo Scacchi ◽

Daniel P. Cardinali

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

High Fat ◽

Testosterone Secretion ◽

Diet Manipulation ◽

The Impact

AbstractCombinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.

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PEMANFAATA N EKSTRAK DAUN WUNGU {Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.} UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL SERUM DARAH MENCIT BETINA YANG DIOVARIEKTOMI

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.13.2.20081 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Listijani Suhargo

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Blood Serum ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Ovariectomized Mice

The purpose of this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of daun wungu extracts to decrease total cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol of ovariectomized mice. This research used 24 ovariectomized mice and 8 normal mice. The ovariectomized mice were grouped in 3 groups for K1 (the treatment with aquadest, 0.05 ml), K2 (the treatment with fish oil, 0.05 ml) and P (the treatment with daun wungu extracts, 0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil). All treatments were done for 20 days. At the end of the treatments, the blood (0.5 ml) was taken from cardiac by tuberculin disposable syringe. And then with fotometry, serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol were measured. The result of this research showed that daun wungu extracts (0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil) could not decrease HDL cholesterol, but it could decrease total and LDL cholesterol of blood serum in ovariectomized mice.

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A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup

Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 73-75

Author(s):

S Vinod Babu ◽

Anusha R Jagadeesan ◽

Jothimalar Ramalingam

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Health Checkup ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychosocial abnormalities. Aim This study aims at comparing the lipid profile levels of obese and nonobese men. Materials and methods This was a case—control study conducted at a tertiary care center. Totally, 80 men in the age group of 20 to 47 years attending the master health checkup were included in the study, out of which 40 men with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 25 belonged to group I and 40 men with increased BMI of 30 and above belonged to group II. Lipid profile parameters, such as triglycerides (TGLs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were estimated in them. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15.0. Results Statistically significant difference was found in the total cholesterol levels with a p-value of 0.040 while the difference in LDL cholesterol was statistically highly significant with a p-value of 0.040. Conclusion Among lipid profile parameters, only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol showed significant difference between the obese and nonobese individuals. However, the other parameters like HDL cholesterol and TGLs did not show any significant difference. How to cite this article Babu SV, Jagadeesan AR, Ramalingam J. A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):73-75.

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Effect of Spirulina platensis on Lipid Profile of Long Evans Rats

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6533 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Omar Faruq Mridha ◽

Parvin Noor ◽

Rahima Khaton ◽

Dipa Islam ◽

Motaher Hossain

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Other ◽

High Fat ◽

High Sugar ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Effective Result

To study the Effect of Spirulina platensis on lipid profile of Long Evan rats, an experiment was conducted by feeding the rats with diets supplemented with Spirulina platensis dry powder. Five different types of diets were included in the feeding. Group A containing high fat and high sugar considered as control-01. Group B with high fat, high sugar and 0.5% Spirulina. Group C with high fat, high sugar and 2.5% Spirulina. These three groups were included in Diet-1. Group D with laboratory diets considered as control-02 and Group E i.e., laboratory diet with Spirulina 150mg/kg/body weight. These two groups were included in Diet-2. This study describes the useful effect of Spirulina powder after administration in high fat and high sugar diet and in normal laboratory diet. Spirulina platensis powder showed an effective result in the lipid profile of Long Evan rats. Total cholesterol (TC) serum lipid significantly reduced in Group B than that of 2.5% of Spirulina powder in Group C rats. 0.5% and 2.5% Spirulina powder had the same effect in dropping low density lipoprotein (LDL) in both B and C Groups of rats. Conversely 2.5% Spirulina powder was found more effective in increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group C (50.54%) rats than the group B (24.18%) rats. On the other hand, the dose 150mg/kg b.w Spirulina powder mixed in laboratory diet showed an effective result in decreasing total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) 19.21% and 46.06%, respectively. The findings clearly indicated that 150mg/kg b.w Spirulina powder had positive effect to increase the value of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group E (24.98%) rats compare to control group D rats. There were no significant differences in diet-1 groups' TC, TG and LDL-C of the groups of A (control- 01), B and C (p<0.05), although they varies statistically for HDL among these groups (p>0.05). On the other hand in diet-2 groups' TG, LDL and HDL of E groups of rats were significantly varies than control-2 groups of rats D ( p>0.05), although TC was not significant statistically (p<0.05). Keywords: High fat diet; Body weight (b.w); Hypercholesterolemia; Hypolipidaemic; Spirulina platensis. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6533Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 249-254, 2010

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Amaranth Oil Increases Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels without Influencing Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in an Overweight and Obese Population: A Randomized Double-Blind Cross-Over Study in Comparison with Rapeseed Oil Supplementation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3069

Author(s):

Monika Dus-Zuchowska ◽

Jaroslaw Walkowiak ◽

Anna Morawska ◽

Patrycja Krzyzanowska-Jankowska ◽

Anna Miskiewicz-Chotnicka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Double Blind ◽

Early Markers ◽

Amaranth Oil ◽

Overweight Subjects

Background: Atherosclerosis (AT) is a chronic inflammatory process in which oxidative stress is the key event. Amaranth oil (AmO) has potential hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of AmO and rapeseed oil (RaO) supplementation on expression of early markers of AT and lipid profile in obese or overweight subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded cross-over study was conducted, in which participants took 20 mL of AmO in the first arm and 20 mL RaO in the second arm, switching after the washout period. Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sVCAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and lipid profile were assessed before and after nutritional interventions. In addition, anthropometric parameters were measured. Results: The total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the AmO group in comparison with RaO (ΔTC 5.52 ± 35 vs. −8.43 ± 17.65 mg/dL; p = 0.002 and 4.43 ± 34.96 vs. −7.55 ± 16.41 mg/dL; p = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant differences in other parameters analyzed between the groups. Conclusion: The use of AmO instead of RaO may increase cardiovascular risk in obese and overweight subjects.

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