scholarly journals The underground city: the tourism potential of water and sewage infrastructure: the example of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Dębczyńska ◽  
Adam Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Potential ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Visitor Numbers ◽  
Very High ◽  
Great Growth ◽  
Industrial Tourism

Abstract Industrial tourism and technical facilities are a fast-growing branch of tourism that contains areas of great growth potential. The article deals with one of them. The tourist potential of water and sewage infrastructure in selected Polish cities was analysed and assessed. The study covered 11 cities of diverse socioeconomic potentials around the country. For each city, data were collected that had various levels of detail with regard to visitor numbers, tourist types, facilities made available, events and other special celebrations. For supplementary data, unstructured interviews were also conducted with relevant employees identified in businesses. The analysis showed the studied form of tourism to have very high tourism potential. The work focuses on factors and features accounting for its currently low level of development. It is also emphasised that, based on current tourism trends, it should be expected to continue to grow rapidly in the coming years, and thus warrants further research.

scholarly journals Building Extraction in Very High Resolution Imagery by Dense-Attention Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Penghai Wu ◽  
Xuedong Yao ◽  
Yanlan Wu ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Building Extraction ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High Resolution Imagery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Building extraction from very high resolution (VHR) imagery plays an important role in urban planning, disaster management, navigation, updating geographic databases, and several other geospatial applications. Compared with the traditional building extraction approaches, deep learning networks have recently shown outstanding performance in this task by using both high-level and low-level feature maps. However, it is difficult to utilize different level features rationally with the present deep learning networks. To tackle this problem, a novel network based on DenseNets and the attention mechanism was proposed, called the dense-attention network (DAN). The DAN contains an encoder part and a decoder part which are separately composed of lightweight DenseNets and a spatial attention fusion module. The proposed encoder–decoder architecture can strengthen feature propagation and effectively bring higher-level feature information to suppress the low-level feature and noises. Experimental results based on public international society for photogrammetry and remote sensing (ISPRS) datasets with only red–green–blue (RGB) images demonstrated that the proposed DAN achieved a higher score (96.16% overall accuracy (OA), 92.56% F1 score, 90.56% mean intersection over union (MIOU), less training and response time and higher-quality value) when compared with other deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance Development in Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Cotton against Different Insecticides

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaryab Khalid ◽  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim Al-ashkar ◽  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Liyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Cotton is a major crop of Pakistan, and Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of cotton. Due to the unwise and indiscriminate use of insecticides, resistance develops more readily in the whitefly. The present study was conducted to evaluate the resistance development in the whitefly against the different insecticides that are still in use. For this purpose, the whitefly population was selected with five concentrations of each insecticide, for five generations. At G1, compared with the laboratory susceptible population, a very low level of resistance was observed against bifenthrin, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, chlorfenapyr, and buprofezin with a resistance ratio of 3-fold, 2-fold, 1-fold, 4-fold, 3-fold, 3-fold, 3-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. However, the selection for five generations increased the resistance to a very high level against buprofezin (127-fold), and to a high level against imidacloprid (86-fold) compared with the laboratory susceptible population. While, a moderate level of resistance was observed against cypermethrin (34-fold), thiamethoxam (34-fold), nitenpyram (30-fold), chlorfenapyr (29-fold), and acetamiprid (21-fold). On the other hand, the resistance was low against bifenthrin (18-fold) after selection for five generations. A very low level of resistance against the field population of B. tabaci, at G1, showed that these insecticides are still effective, and thus can be used under the field conditions for the management of B. tabaci. However, the proper rotation of insecticides among different groups can help to reduce the development of resistance against insecticides.

Geodiversity and geotourism for the local people - a study of the Western Carpathians.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Strus ◽  
Anna Chrobak ◽  
Jan Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Local People ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Very High

<p><span>Study of the geodiversity in last decade was very popular in scientific literature. Also the Western Carpathians was the study area for geodiversity and geotourist assessment many times. As part of this study, an attempt was made to answer several questions regarding geodiversity and geotourism in relation to the local inhabitants of the area: 1/Is geodiversity and geotourism in the Western Carpathians able to attract wider crowds of tourists, not only interested specialists? 2/Do people living near a geotourist attraction realize its potential? In addition the authors want to show the summarizing geodiversity map of the Western Carpathians and how much time does the whole procedure of creating a geodiversity map for such a large area as the Western Carpathians take and how much work is required to prepare a study for that region. Important question is also a coherence of the study in a case of the region covering many countries and therefore various character of data available. Secondly, the authors have compared the geodiversity map with the distribution of geosites available in databases of Polish, Slovak and Czech Geological Surveys. This comparison shows that not always the largest number of geosites are located in places with the highest geodiversity index, as it might seem. Finally, the authors present a pilot study of the perception of inanimate nature by local residents that have been carried out in Podtatrze area (Southern Poland/Northern Slovakia). The results show that assumption that local people know their region very well is not entirely true. Most of the inhabitants do not know the basic forms of the relief that occur in the vicinity of their place of residence, cannot correctly recognize the type of rocks that are around them, or are unable to name the peaks that they look at from the window of their house. What could be the reason of it? Perhaps the lack of knowledge about their "little homeland" which they should acquire in primary school; or the simple lack of interest in inanimate nature resulting from the economic lack of profitability vision; or the lack of promotion of the most interesting geotouristic elements in the region. Summing up, the area of the Western Carpathians has areas with a very high and high geodiversity index, which may increase their (geo)tourism potential and constitute a source of additional profit for local residents, but requires access and promotion.</span></p>

scholarly journals Genesis and Gappa: processing, analyzing and visualizing phylogenetic (placement) data

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 3263-3265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Czech ◽  
Pierre Barbera ◽  
Alexandros Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Command Line ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Command Line Tool ◽  
High Level

Abstract Summary We present genesis, a library for working with phylogenetic data, and gappa, an accompanying command-line tool for conducting typical analyses on such data. The tools target phylogenetic trees and phylogenetic placements, sequences, taxonomies and other relevant data types, offer high-level simplicity as well as low-level customizability, and are computationally efficient, well-tested and field-proven. Availability and implementation Both genesis and gappa are written in modern C++11, and are freely available under GPLv3 at http://github.com/lczech/genesis and http://github.com/lczech/gappa. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals Transformation of even-aged spruce stands at the School Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Structure and final cutting of mature stand

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Very High

This paper deals with the transformation of pure even-aged forest stands to mixed and more uneven-aged stands on an example of selected even-aged Norway spruce stands in the School Forest Enterprise (SFE) in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. A forest stand where individual tree felling was used as the main method of forest stand regeneration was chosen as a conversion example. The main criterion of tree maturity is the culmination of mean volume increment of a single tree. The analyses confirmed a very high variability in the growth potential of individual trees. The potential and actual increment was strongly influenced by the stand position of tree and by crown release. These results show a high potential level of tree growth even at the age of 120 years. From 30% to 9% of all trees on particular experimental plots achieved felling maturity.

Contraception, Marital Fertility, and Breast-Feeding in the Yemen Arab Republic

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
H. I. Goldberg ◽  
J. E. Anderson ◽  
D. Miller ◽  
O. Dawam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Yemen Arab Republic ◽  
Very High ◽  
Breast Fed

SummaryMajor findings from an analysis of demographic information collected in a 1979 survey in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) are that: levels of contraceptive use are extremely low in the rural areas that constitute most of the nation and considerably higher in the capital, Sana'a; fertility is very high and, until recently, was higher in Sana'a than in rural areas; mortality of children is very high with small urban–rural differentials; breast-feeding durations tend to be short, considering Yemen's extremely low level of development; and, female infants appear to be breast-fed longer than male infants in Sana'a, a phenomenon never previously documented. It is argued that the observed convergence between fertility levels in Sana'a and rural Yemen results from increased contraception in Sana'a, which offsets fertility differences introduced by longer breast-feeding in rural areas.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Characterization of Peanut Powder Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Luzia Marcia de Melo Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis Cardoso Almeida ◽  
Francinalva Cordeiro de Sousa ◽  
Deise Souza de Castro ◽  
Inácia dos Santos Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Peanut Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Great Growth

The production of lyophilized foods is a market with great growth potential, for providing important preservation characteristics, such as stability at ambient temperature, versatility of the product and preservation of the chemical compounds. Given the functional effects of peanut powder extracts, this study aimed to quantify the bioactive compounds and determine physical and chemical characteristics, comparing samples with and without skin. After obtaining the aqueous peanut extract the samples were frozen at -18 °C for 24 h. The formulated extracts were dried in a benchtop lyophilizer operating at temperature of -55 °C for a period of 48 hours. The powder extracts were disintegrated in a multiprocessor for 30 seconds and the samples were physically and chemically evaluated. The powder extracts were classified as non-hygroscopic, exhibiting poor fluidity and intermediate cohesiveness in samples with skin, and high cohesiveness in samples without skin. The powders showed agglomerated particles, with irregular and non-uniform shape. Potassium was the mineral found in largest amounts, as well as oleic and linoleic fatty acids. The particles of the powders exhibit a spherical shape, showing the presence of amorphous surfaces, in which there is no repetition of geometric forms. The peanut powder extracts are classified as non-hygroscopic, have poor fluidity, intermediate cohesiveness in samples with skin and high cohesiveness in samples without skin.

scholarly journals ENTOMOFAUNA ASSOCIATED TO DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES ON BLUEBERRY CROP

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA INÉS DIEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
ENIO EGON SOSINSKI ◽  
LUCAS KUHN HÜBNER ◽  
LUIS EDUARDO CORRÊA ANTUNES ◽  
DORI EDSON NAVA
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Great Growth

ABSTRACT The blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade, Ericaceae) is a small fruit with great growth potential in Brazil. This research was developed in order to identify the insects found on associated to the different phenological stages of blueberry in order to implement the integrated pest management for this crop. Insect samples were collected from three orchards, in the region of Pelotas, RS, from January 2010 to June 2012. The data were analyzed based on the composition and abundance of the collected insects. In all three sites, 2,354 insects were studied and the majority belonged to Hymenoptera (72%), Coleoptera (16%), Hemiptera (6%) and Diptera (4%). Forty-one families were identified with 59% of the listed insects belonging to the Apidae family, followed by 11% for Chrysomelidae and Formicidae. Overall, 50 species of insects were identified and Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) and Apis mellifera L. were the most abundant. Of the species found, 78% were herbivores, while 22% was beneficial insects (pollinators, predators and parasitoids) belonging to the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Dermaptera. The analysis of variance with the randomization test showed that the insect fauna does not differ between locations and phenological stages. The interaction of site with phenological stages was not significant for the three grade levels (order, family and species). The knowledge of the entomofauna associated with blueberry, along with the similarity in composition with the phenological stages and evaluated sites, contributes to the development of integrated pest management and establishment of production system for this new culture in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

scholarly journals Biotin status, blood pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) activity and performance in broilers under different conditions of bird husbandry and diet processing

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Whitehead ◽  
D. W. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Good Criterion ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Blood Pyruvate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

1. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between blood pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate: carbon dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.1; PC) activity, growth performance and dietary biotin level in broilers under different husbandry conditions. Blood PC activity was also used to gain information on the ingestion of biotin of faecal origin by birds housed on wood shavings and the effect of steam-pelleting on the biotin content of diets.2. Blood PC activity and relationship to dietary biotin level were similar in birds kept under different husbandry conditions.3. Biotin requirement for growth was higher in birds kept under conditions that allowed them to reach their growth potential more fully.4. The contribution of biotin of faecal origin to the biotin intake of birds housed on wood shavings was negligible at 3 weeks of age but by 7 weeks was equivalent to approximately 0.01 mg/kg diet.5. Steam-pelleting did not affect the stability or availability of biotin of natural or synthetic origin in diets.6. It is concluded that blood PC activity is a good criterion of biotin status and requirement in fast-growing

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