A Contribution to Considerations of the Role of Embedded Systems

Abstract Background: Embedded systems are a ubiquitous part of modern civilisation. Trends point to further intensification of their use. In this article we discuss long-term implications of that process, from the point of view of systems science. Objectives: On a general level, we relate embedded systems to a general class of objects and argue about their role in human life. On a somewhat more specific level, we consider in more details the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. Methods/Approach: In order to achieve the set objectives, we conducted inductive theoretical considerations and presented the results in this section. Results: The hierarchy of notions relating human civilization to environment is established, and embedded systems are positioned within it. Conclusions: Broadening and intensification of the use of embedded systems is a gradual process, heavily intertwined with societal changes. The case study of the development of the unmanned aerial vehicles reveals the potentials of the concept of embedded systems, also in the area of human resources management

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Assessing the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' Surveillance Problems and Actual Solution Options from the Different Stakeholders' Viewpoint

Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering ◽

10.3311/pptr.13749 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 32-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bianka Károly ◽

Balázs Sághi

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Point Of View ◽

Key Factors ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Global View ◽

Actual Solution

The problems related to the integration of the unmanned aerial vehicles into national airspaces is one of the main topics that the scientific researchers are dealing with these days. Despite that, none of them are investigating the UAVs from the surveillance point of view. For that reason, highlighting the problems that have to be dealt with and assessing them through a holistic approach is the aim of the paper. Therefore, the paper takes the different stakeholders view and identify the key factors that have to be taken into account. The authors propose the surveillance technologies that can be considered and evaluated them along the revealed factors through a global view. The results can be applied as a base for the further research in UAVs surveillance domain.

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Capabilities of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Logistic Support

Safety & Defense ◽

10.37105/sd.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Michalska Anna ◽

Karpińska Katarzyna

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

New Technologies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Military Equipment ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Logistic Support ◽

The Military

The main focus of this paper is the capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as a military logistic support in conflicts areas. The conducted research addresses the problems of traditional military delivery methods. Next, the problem of using UAVs only for civilian purposes is considered. The paper begins with short elucidation of logistic support and further provides the classification of logistic materials and discusses five categories of military equipment from the logistics point of view. Next, the paper discusses the characteristics of the parameters and properties of the chosen existing UAVs that are used for the delivery of materials. Consequently, a comparison of the UAVs is carried out, and new technologies for logistic transport are presented. This paper is concluded with the claim that it is necessary to modernize the process of logistic support in the military.

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Appliсation of the phase correlation algorithm and its extension in the optical stabilizer of unmanned aerial vehicles

PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING ◽

10.15407/pp2017.01.111 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

O.L. Dreval ◽

◽

А.Yu. Doroshenko ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Computational Complexity ◽

Embedded Systems ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Phase Correlation ◽

Absolute Position ◽

Correlation Algorithm ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Algorithm Implementation

The use of the phase correlation algorithm as the basis of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Optical Stabilizer on purpose to determine the displacement of the housing relative to the surface is described. Also, the possibility of application of the phase correlation algorithm extensions to increase accuracy and reduce computing costs is considered. The algorithm implementation in bot MATLAB language and C is provided. The computational complexity of the algorithm implementation in C was experimentally analyzed in the scope of embedded systems. The proposed algorithm gives not only an auxiliary possibility to stabilize the aircraft position but also to calculate absolute position of the aircraft in space.

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Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Flood Extent Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Data

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19071486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Asmamaw Gebrehiwot ◽

Leila Hashemi-Beni ◽

Gary Thompson ◽

Parisa Kordjamshidi ◽

Thomas Langan

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Image Classification ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Human Life ◽

Confusion Matrix ◽

Support Vector ◽

Response Planning ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Hazardous Area ◽

Flooded Areas

Flooding is one of the leading threats of natural disasters to human life and property, especially in densely populated urban areas. Rapid and precise extraction of the flooded areas is key to supporting emergency-response planning and providing damage assessment in both spatial and temporal measurements. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology has recently been recognized as an efficient photogrammetry data acquisition platform to quickly deliver high-resolution imagery because of its cost-effectiveness, ability to fly at lower altitudes, and ability to enter a hazardous area. Different image classification methods including SVM (Support Vector Machine) have been used for flood extent mapping. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in remote sensing image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs have demonstrated excellent performance on various tasks including image classification, feature extraction, and segmentation. CNNs can learn features automatically from large datasets through the organization of multi-layers of neurons and have the ability to implement nonlinear decision functions. This study investigates the potential of CNN approaches to extract flooded areas from UAV imagery. A VGG-based fully convolutional network (FCN-16s) was used in this research. The model was fine-tuned and a k-fold cross-validation was applied to estimate the performance of the model on the new UAV imagery dataset. This approach allowed FCN-16s to be trained on the datasets that contained only one hundred training samples, and resulted in a highly accurate classification. Confusion matrix was calculated to estimate the accuracy of the proposed method. The image segmentation results obtained from FCN-16s were compared from the results obtained from FCN-8s, FCN-32s and SVMs. Experimental results showed that the FCNs could extract flooded areas precisely from UAV images compared to the traditional classifiers such as SVMs. The classification accuracy achieved by FCN-16s, FCN-8s, FCN-32s, and SVM for the water class was 97.52%, 97.8%, 94.20% and 89%, respectively.

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Lean Project Management using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Tamap Journal of Engineering ◽

10.29371/2018.3.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. B. Ersoz ◽

O. Pekcan ◽

O. B. Tokdemir

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Tracking System ◽

Point Of View ◽

Management Tool ◽

Practical Point ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Recent Advancement ◽

Expertise Level

Development of a lean and automated progress tracking system is one of the most challenging subjects in the construction industry. Since the current methods depend on individual and manual inspections of the site, they may have various problems. For instance, results include a natural bias since field personnel makes interpretations depending on their educational and expertise level. From the practical point of view, manual data collection and their comparison with construction drawings and schedules are inefficient as it takes too much time. With the recent advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the market and inclusion of lean project management principles, project management studies are inclined towards the digital and lean approaches. Within this perspective, the objective of this study is to reveal the use of UAVs as a lean project management tool. This paper indicates merely that UAVs have the potential for such a purpose.

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New Technical Means In The System Of Control And Logistics Of Construction

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.09.39-44 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 39-44

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Learning Technologies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Construction Process ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Logistics System ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

The Cost ◽

And Control

The emergence and development of machine learning technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles, 3D-modeling technologies integrated with the concept of "smart construction" significantly expand the possibilities of creating and applying the concept of an effective logistics system for building production at the stage of construction and installation works. At the same time, there is a need to develop a model for creating, processing, storing, issuing and visualizing information on the state of construction production from the point of view of the material and technical support system. The article formulates and considers the concept in the form of electronic automated model with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, presents the mechanism of monitoring and control of construction and installation works and logistics. The capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as visual inspection of buildings, measurements of structures, monitoring of the construction process, control of work performed, monitoring of the timing and cost of work, etc. were determined. Advantages and disadvantages of this system are revealed. The concept developed on the basis of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles makes it possible to create a 3D model, compare its graphic and digital characteristics with the project, identify deviations and defects, the amount of material and technical resources necessary for the uninterrupted construction process, automate and reduce the cost of the process of logistics.

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Prospective use of unmanned aerial vehicles for military medical evacuation in future conflicts

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps ◽

10.1136/jramc-2017-000890 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 164 (4) ◽

pp. 293-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Charles Handford ◽

F Reeves ◽

P Parker

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

New Technologies ◽

Human Life ◽

Specialist Care ◽

Medical Evacuation ◽

Future Opportunity ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

The Usa ◽

User Acceptability ◽

The Uk

In order to continue to deliver outstanding medical care on the battlefield, the UK Defence Medical Services must continue to adapt, overcome and actively embrace change. One potential area is the rapid proliferation and sophistication of automated and remote systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs are already used to deliver blood to remote military locations in Afghanistan and defibrillators to those that need them in the USA and Sweden. An area of future opportunity would be to facilitate rapid evacuation of wounded personnel from high intensity, high threat, remote and austere areas directly to specialist care. Such a capability would reduce threat to human life while allowing rapid extraction of casualties from high risk or inaccessible environments straight back to Role 3 care, all of which in these situations is either not possible or carries too much risk using conventional aerial assets. The article aims to highlight a potential future capability, stimulate debate and reflection, all of which is essential for innovation and future organisational development. The potential uses and benefits of UAVs are highlighted including both the challenges and rewards of utilising UAVs for casualty evacuation. Key benefits are reduced risk to human life, cost, ability to insert into areas conventional aircraft cannot and the rapidity of transfer. Challenges are likely to be airspace management, decisions on appropriate level of care to deliver during transit and ultimately user acceptability. The article also highlights that in order to maximise our ability to exploit new technologies, all arms and trades within the military must be involved in collective research and development. Furthermore, sensible corroboration with private companies will further enhance our ability to acquire products that best serve our needs.

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ANALYSIS OF THE VULNERABILITIES OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES TO CYBER ATTACKS

Review of the Air Force Academy ◽

10.19062/1842-9238.2020.18.2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

Grigore Eduard JELER ◽

◽

Gelu ALEXANDRESCU ◽

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Human Life ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Military Operations ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Wide Range ◽

Human Operators ◽

Hybrid Actors

Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, has increased significantly and the technical advencements in the field have led to new possibilities in several fields, both military and civilian. Air drones help reduce human life risks and costs, and can be used to carry out dangerous and costly missions by replacing human operators. Unmanned aircraft have a wide range of use, from entertainment for enthusiasts to military operations. Large investments, especially in the field of robotics, electronic miniaturization, sensors, network communication, information technology and artificial intelligence help to accelerate and diversify areas of use. The operation of unmanned systems and the applications that use these systems depend, to a large extent, on the cyber systems that are used for data collection, storage, processing and communication. However, these systems also have certain vulnerabilities, which has led various (state or non-state) hybrid actors to develop methods of conducting cyber attacks on drones.

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Development of thickened semi-synthetic engine oil M-5z / 20 AERO for four-stroke gasoline engines aircraft piston of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin ◽

10.32758/2071-5951-2020-0-6-44-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

A.A. Moykin ◽

◽

A.S. Medzhibovsky ◽

S.A. Kriushin ◽

M.V. Seleznev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Gasoline Engines ◽

State Research Institute ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

State Research ◽

Industrial Batch ◽

The Russian Federation

Nowadays, the creation of remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for various purposes is regarded as one of the most relevant and promising trends of aircraft development. FAU "25 State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" have studied the operation features of aircraft piston engines and developed technical requirements for motor oil for piston four-stroke UAV engines, as well as a new engine oil M-5z/20 AERO in cooperation with NPP KVALITET, LLC. Based on the complex of qualification tests, the stated operational properties of the experimental-industrial batch of M-5z/20 AERO oil are generally confirmed.

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