Influence of the complex drug Cocarnit on the sciatic nerve in the development of diabetic polyneuropathy in rats

AbstractUlcers and slow wound healing are common in diabetic polyneuropathy (DP), as well as shooting or burning pain, sensitivity to touch or lack of sensitivity, low oxygenation of nerve tissue, conductivity disorders and various vascular disorders. The mechanisms of DP development are complex and have not been completely studied. To take into account the role of B group vitamins, we investigated histological structure of nerve tissue, the level of different growth factors and the qualitative composition of active proteolytic enzymes in rats with DP and after the use of the metabolic drug Cocarnit for 9 days. This drug composition include nicotinamide, cocarboxylase, cyanocobalamin, adenosine triphosphate disodium trihydrate. We used an histological study of sciatic nerve; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme electrophoresis methods. In rats with DP, fragmentation of nerve tissue and their necrosis was established. Moreover, degraded forms of plasmin that has a fully functional serine proteinase domain are evident, and, therefore, it exhibits proteolytic properties. DP led to a decrease of neuron growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). After treatment, the histological structure of nerve tissue was significantly improved, and the expression of growth factors NGF and bFGF was increased. Our study demonstrated that administration of Corcarnit brought about the complete restoration of the activation potential of plasmin and the almost disappearance of all degraded forms which were evident in the group with DP.

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Platelet-Rich Plasma Powder: A New Preparation Method for the Standardization of Growth Factor Concentrations

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546516674475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 954-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Matthias Kieb ◽

Frank Sander ◽

Cornelia Prinz ◽

Stefanie Adam ◽

Anett Mau-Möller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tgf Β1

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in sports medicine. Available PRP preparations differ in white blood cell, platelet, and growth factor concentrations, making standardized research and clinical application challenging. Purpose: To characterize a newly standardized procedure for pooled PRP that provides defined growth factor concentrations. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A standardized growth factor preparation (lyophilized PRP powder) was prepared using 12 pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) derived from different donors via apheresis. Blood samples and commercially available PRP (SmartPrep-2) served as controls (n = 5). Baseline blood counts were analyzed. Additionally, single PCs (n = 5) were produced by standard platelet apheresis. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin (IL)–1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, mean differences, 95% CIs, and P values (analysis of variance). Results: All growth factor preparation methods showed elevated concentrations of the growth factors VEGF, bFGF, PDGF-AB, and TGF-β1 compared with those of whole blood. Large interindividual differences were found in VEGF and bFGF concentrations. Respective values (mean ± SD in pg/mL) for whole blood, SmartPrep-2, PC, and PRP powder were as follows: VEGF (574 ± 147, 528 ± 233, 1087 ± 535, and 1722), bFGF (198 ± 164, 410 ± 259, 151 ± 99, and 542), PDGF-AB (2394 ± 451, 17,846 ± 3087, 18,461 ± 4455, and 23,023), and TGF-β1 (14,356 ± 4527, 77,533 ± 13,918, 68,582 ± 7388, and 87,495). IGF-1 was found in SmartPrep-2 (1539 ± 348 pg/mL). For PC (2266 ± 485 pg/mL), IGF-1 was measured at the same levels of whole blood (2317 ± 711 pg/mL) but was not detectable in PRP powder. IL-1α was detectable in whole blood (111 ± 35 pg/mL) and SmartPrep-2 (119 ± 44 pg/mL). Conclusion: Problems with PRP such as absent standardization, lack of consistency among studies, and black box dosage could be solved by using characterized PRP powder made by pooling and lyophilizing multiple PCs. The new PRP powder opens up new possibilities for PRP research as well as for the treatment of patients. Clinical Relevance: The preparation of pooled PRP by means of lyophilization may allow physicians to apply a defined amount of growth factors by using a defined amount of PRP powder. Moreover, PRP powder as a dry substance with no need for centrifugation could become ubiquitously available, thus saving time and staff resources in clinical practice. However, before transferring the results of this basic science study to clinical application, regulatory issues have to be cleared.

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Mineral Coated Microparticle Sutures Impregnated With GDNF (Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) Improve Axonal Growth and Functional Recovery in Rat Sciatic Nerve Injuries

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyz310_139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Clayton Haldeman ◽

Amgad S Hanna

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Nerve Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Axonal Growth ◽

Functional Testing ◽

Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Abstract INTRODUCTION Autologous nerve grafts and end-to-end neurorrhaphy are considered the gold standard for large nerve gaps (ie, > 5 mm gaps) for peripheral nerve injury repair. During nerve regeneration, the local presence of growth factors plays an important role. In order to aid in delivery of growth factors, we have modified standard surgical micro-sutures with calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings, which we have designed to deliver cytokines in a temporally modulated manner, specifically glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). In this study, rat sciatic nerve injury is repaired with autograft with sutures coated with GDNF and NGF with the goal of promoting more axonal growth and improved functional outcomes compared to control rats repaired with non-coated suture. METHODS To create the injury, all rats had 6 mm of the right sciatic nerve removed, and then a 10 mm isograft from a donor rat micro-sutured end-to-end with 2 standard 9-0 Nylon sutures on the proximal end and two sutures of the correct treatment on the distal end. There were 5 groups (control, CaP only, GDNF, NGF and GDNF + NGF), each group consisted of 6 to 8 rats. Functional testing was done weekly for each rat from week 5 to 12 post repair. The experiment was terminated at 12 wk and axonal growth was assessed with electron microscopy RESULTS Rats treated with mineral coated microparticle (MCM) sutures coated with GDNF + NGF had significantly increased (P = .0014) axonal counts (mean: 8511) in the sciatic nerve distal to neurorrhaphy compared to controls (mean: 5123). Functional testing as measured by ankle contracture, showed statistically significant improvement (P = .0014) starting at week 7 and continuing to week 12 compared to control groups. CONCLUSION MCM sutures releasing GDNF increase the amount of axons in the graft and distal to the graft. MCMs releasing NGF and GDNF increase functional recovery after week 7.

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Selective receptor-mediated impairment of growth factor activity in neonatal- and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2018-0540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 733-738

Author(s):

Mazen Al-Essa ◽

Gursev S. Dhaunsi

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vital Role ◽

Brdu Incorporation ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Factor Activity ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Fgf Receptor

Abstract Background Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (n-ALD) and X-linked ALD (X-ALD) patients present with demyelination, poor growth and progressive mental retardation. Growth factors are known to play a vital role in the development of children. Objective To examine the mitogenic activity of various growth factors in skin fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients. Methods Skin fibroblast cultures from n-ALD and X-ALD patients, and controls were treated with 50 ng/mL of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to examine DNA synthesis by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Expression of receptors for PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was measured by western blotting. Serum levels of IGF-1 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients had significantly (p < 0.01) less BrdU incorporation in response to fetal bovine serum (FBS). The mitogenic effect of PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was significantly lower in n-ALD as compared to control and X-ALD cells. X-ALD cells showed significant impairment in IGF-1-induced DNA synthesis. Expression of the FGF receptor (FGF-R) was significantly reduced in n-ALD cells. PDGF receptor remained unaffected, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in n-ALD and X-ALD patients as compared to controls. Conclusions Growth factor activity differs in n-ALD and X-ALD patients, with marked impairment of IGF-1 function through receptor down-regulation.

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Nanofibrous bicomponent scaffolds for the dual delivery of NGF and GDNF: controlled release of growth factors and their biological effects

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-020-06479-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chaoyu Liu ◽

Xiaohua Li ◽

Qilong Zhao ◽

Yuancai Xie ◽

Xumei Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Neural Differentiation ◽

Biological Effects ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Growth Factor Delivery ◽

Dual Growth Factor Delivery ◽

Dual Source

AbstractElectrospun fibrous scaffolds capable of providing dual growth factor delivery in a controlled manner have distinctive advantages for tissue engineering. In this study, we have investigated the formation, structure, and characteristics/properties of fibrous bicomponent scaffolds for the dual delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. GDNF and NGF were incorporated into core-shell structured poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly (d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) nanofibers, respectively, through emulsion electrospinning. Using dual-source dual-power electrospinning, bicomponent scaffolds composed of GDNF/PLGA fibers and NGF/PDLLA fibers with different fiber component ratios were produced. The structure, properties, and in vitro release behavior of mono- and bicomponent scaffolds were systematically investigated. Concurrent and sustained release of GDNF and NGF from bicomponent scaffolds was achieved and their release profiles could be tuned. In vitro biological investigations were conducted. Rat pheochromocytoma cells were found to attach, spread, and proliferate on all scaffolds. The release of growth factors from scaffolds could induce much improved neurite outgrowth and neural differentiation. GDNF and NGF released from GDNF/PLGA scaffolds and NGF/PDLLA scaffolds, respectively, could induce dose-dependent neural differentiation separately. GDNF and NGF released from bicomponent scaffolds exerted a synergistic effect on promoting neural differentiation.

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Functional Tissue-engineered Microtissue Formed by Self-aggregation of Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-868547/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jian Zhang ◽

Chaochao Li ◽

Fanqi Meng ◽

Yanjun Guan ◽

Tieyuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Research Progress ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Study Results

Abstract Background: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the essential causes of physical disability with a high incidence rate. The traditional tissue engineering strategy, Top-Down strategy, has some limitations. A new tissue-engineered strategy, Bottom-Up strategy (tissue-engineered microtissue strategy), has emerged and made significant research progress in recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, microtissues are rarely used in neural tissue engineering, thus we intended to use microtissues to repair PNI.Methods: We used a low-adhesion cell culture plate to construct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) into microtissues in vitro, explored the physicochemical properties and microtissues components, compared the expression of cytokines related to nerve regeneration between microtissues and the same amount of two-dimension (2D)-cultured cells, co-cultured directly microtissues with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or Schwann cells (SCs) to observe the interaction between them using immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used grafts constructed by microtissues and polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats.Results: The present study results indicated that compared with the same number of 2D-cultured cells, microtissue could secrete more nerve regeneration related cytokines to promote SCs proliferation and axons growth. Moreover, in the direct co-culture system of microtissue and DRG or SCs, axons of DRG grown in the direction of microtissue, and there seems to be a cytoplasmic exchange between SCs and ASCs around microtissue. Furthermore, microtissues could repair sciatic nerve defects in rat models more effectively than traditional 2D cultured-ASCs. Conclusion: Tissue-engineered microtissue is an effective strategy for stem cell culture and therapy in nerve tissue engineering.

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Functional tissue-engineered microtissue formed by self-aggregation of cells for peripheral nerve regeneration

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02676-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jian Zhang ◽

Chaochao Li ◽

Fanqi Meng ◽

Yanjun Guan ◽

Tieyuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Research Progress ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Study Results

Abstract Background Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the essential causes of physical disability with a high incidence rate. The traditional tissue engineering strategy, Top-Down strategy, has some limitations. A new tissue-engineered strategy, Bottom-Up strategy (tissue-engineered microtissue strategy), has emerged and made significant research progress in recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, microtissues are rarely used in neural tissue engineering; thus, we intended to use microtissues to repair PNI. Methods We used a low-adhesion cell culture plate to construct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) into microtissues in vitro, explored the physicochemical properties and microtissues components, compared the expression of cytokines related to nerve regeneration between microtissues and the same amount of two-dimension (2D)-cultured cells, co-cultured directly microtissues with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or Schwann cells (SCs) to observe the interaction between them using immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used grafts constructed by microtissues and polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats. Results The present study results indicated that compared with the same number of 2D-cultured cells, microtissue could secrete more nerve regeneration related cytokines to promote SCs proliferation and axons growth. Moreover, in the direct co-culture system of microtissue and DRG or SCs, axons of DRG grown in the direction of microtissue, and there seems to be a cytoplasmic exchange between SCs and ASCs around microtissue. Furthermore, microtissues could repair sciatic nerve defects in rat models more effectively than traditional 2D-cultured ASCs. Conclusion Tissue-engineered microtissue is an effective strategy for stem cell culture and therapy in nerve tissue engineering.

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The Role of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agents in Rabbit Eye Model of Open-Globe Injury

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/5565178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xiao Zhao ◽

Han Han ◽

Yinting Song ◽

Mei Du ◽

Mengyu Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Scar Formation ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Open Globe Injury ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Open Globe

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in a rabbit model of open-globe injury (OGI). Methods. OGI was induced in the right eyes of 75 Belgian rabbits by making 5 mm circumferential incision placed 6 mm behind the limbus. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 5), OGI group (n = 40), and intravitreal Ranibizumab and Conbercept (n = 15 each). Ranibizumab or Conbercept was injected into the vitreous at 0.5 hours, 3 days, or 7 days. Vitreous fluid was collected, and levels of growth factors and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On day 28 after OGI, B scan examination and histological examination were performed to evaluate intravitreal proliferation and formation of epiretinal fibrosis. Results. Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were significantly increased in rabbit eyes after OGI. Compared to eyes in OGI group, anti-VEGF treatments significantly reduced these growth factors and cytokines. Among the 7 eyes examined from each group for intravitreal proliferative changes, they were found in 7 of 7 (100%) in OGI group and were decreased by Ranibizumab and Conbercept to 5 of 7 (71.4%) and 4 of 7 (57.1%), respectively. Both Ranibizumab and Conbercept inhibited epiretinal scar formation at the wound site, with Conbercept showing the greatest effect (maximal length of scar (L), LOGI = 503 ± 82.44 μm, LRanibizumab = 355 ± 43.66 μm, and LConbercept = 250.33 ± 36.02 μm). Conclusion. Anti-VEGF treatments after OGI significantly attenuated the upregulation of growth factors and cytokines in the vitreous and prevented intravitreal proliferation and epiretinal scar formation and thus may protect against the development of posttraumatic complications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

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Comparative analysis of canine mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1028-1037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1028-1037

Author(s):

Noritaka Maeta ◽

Katsutoshi Tamura ◽

Fuuna Ezuka ◽

Hiroshi Takemitsu

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Similar Expression

Background and Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have multi-lineage differentiation potentials, are a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, the focus of study of MSCs is shifting from the characterization of the differentiation potential to their secretion potential for cell transplantation. Tissue regeneration and the attenuation of immune responses are thought to be affected by the secretion of multiple growth factors and cytokines by MSCs. However, the secretion potential of MSCs profiling remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we focused on the secretion ability related and protein mRNA expression of dog adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSC), bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs, and BM-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC). Materials and Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed mRNA expression of nine growth factors and seven interleukins in these types of cells and three growth factors protein expression were determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: For the BM-MNC growth factors, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was the highest. For the BM-derived MSC (BM-MSC) and AT-MSC growth factors, the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was highest. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs showed similar expression profiles. In contrast, BM-MNCs showed unique expression profiles for hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor. The three types of cells showed a similar expression of TGF-β. Conclusion: We conclude that expression of cytokine proteins and mRNAs suggests involvement in tissue repair and protection.

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Are Amniotic Fluid Products Stem Cell Therapies? A Study of Amniotic Fluid Preparations for Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Bone Marrow Comparison

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546519829034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1230-1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alberto J. Panero ◽

Alan M. Hirahara ◽

Wyatt J. Andersen ◽

Joshua Rothenberg ◽

Fernando Fierro

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Stem Cell Therapies ◽

Cell Therapies

Background: In vivo amniotic fluid is known to contain a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors and has been shown to assist in healing when used as an adjunct in procedures across multiple medical specialties. It is unclear whether amniotic fluid products (AFPs) contain MSCs and, if so, whether the cells remain viable after processing. Purpose: To determine whether MSCs, growth factors, and hyaluronan are present in commercially available AFPs. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Seven commercial companies that provide amniotic fluid were invited to participate in the study; 3 companies (the manufacturers of PalinGen, FloGraft, and Genesis AFPs) agreed to participate and donated AFPs for analysis. The AFPs were evaluated for the presence of MSCs, various growth factors relevant to orthopaedics (platelet-derived growth factor ββ, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 8, bone morphogenetic protein 2, transforming growth factor β1), and hyaluronan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and culture of fibroblast colony-forming units. These products were compared with unprocessed amniotic fluid and 2 separate samples of MSCs derived from human bone marrow aspirates. All groups used the same culture medium and expansion techniques. Identical testing and analysis procedures were used for all samples. Results: MSCs could not be identified in the commercial AFPs or the unprocessed amniotic fluid. MSCs could be cultured from the bone marrow aspirates. Nucleated cells were found in 2 products (PalinGen and FloGraft), but most of these cells were dead. The few living cells did not exhibit established characteristics of MSCs. Growth factors and hyaluronan were present in all groups at varying levels. Conclusion: The AFPs studied should not be considered “stem cell” therapies, and researchers should use caution when evaluating commercial claims that products contain stem cells. Given their growth factor content, however, AFPs may still represent a promising tool for orthopaedic treatment. Clinical Relevance: Amniotic fluid has been proposed as an allogenic means for introducing MSCs. This study was unable to confirm that commercial AFPs contain MSCs.

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Healing Features of Experimental Injuries of Soft Tissues That Contain Foreign Bodies In The Form of Fragments Of Military Personnel Uniforms

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39308/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergey Pavlov ◽

Olga Litvinova ◽

Rostislav Mikhaylusov ◽

Vladimir Negoduyko ◽

Marina Kumetchko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Normal Values ◽

Structural Features ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Inflammatory Reactions

Abstract Background The healing of combat wounds can be complicated by the presence of foreign bodies (FBs) in the form of fragments of military uniforms in the wound canal. During the experiment, the structural features of the regeneration of soft tissue injuries complicated by FBs in the form of fragments of two types of military uniforms were studied. Changes in the content of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during wound healing were studied.Methods By randomization, 60 rats were divided into 4 groups: intact (Int), control (Con) and two experimental (EG1, EG2). A layered incision of the thigh soft tissues was performed on the animals. In Con, wounds were sutured without implantation of FBs. A camouflage uniform consisting of 100% cotton was used as FBs for EG1, a uniform consisting of 65% cotton and 35% polyester was used for EG2. The size of the implanted fragments was 0.5 × 0.5 cm. The removal of laboratory animals from the experiment was carried out in 6 of each group on the 15th, 30th, 60th day. Histological studies of soft tissue samples were performed according to generally accepted methods. The growth factors content in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the usage of bFGF (Elabscience) and VEGF (Vector-Best) kits. Results In EG1, the inflammatory reaction proceeded intensively and protractedly, which complicated the development and maturation of granulation tissue (GT). In EG2, considering the moderate inflammatory reactions, healing of the wound defect and optimal encapsulation of FB became possible. The increase of the growth factors content in the blood of Con group animals was maximal for a period of 15 days: bFGF – 2.2 times, VEGF – 1.6 times (p <0.001 compared to Int). In groups of animals with textile implants, the bFGF content was maximal on the 60th day and exceeded the normal values by 1.7 times in EG1and by 2.6 times in EG2 (p <0.001 compared to Int). The level of VEGF in EG1 and EG2 at all stages was slightly higher than in healthy animals.Conclusion At all stages of the experiment, the repair of damaged tissue in rats was complicated by the presence of the textile foreign body (TFB). This confirms the need for thorough debridement of combat wounds during primary surgical treatment. The increase in bFGF production contributed to the development and maturation of GT in the injury area and optimal encapsulation of FBs. The level of VEGF in the experimental groups was increased relative to normal values, which reflected the chronicity of the injuries regeneration process.

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