scholarly journals John Searle’s Naturalism as a Hybrid (Property-Substance) Version of Naturalistic Psychophysical Dualism

Disputatio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Dmytro Sepetyi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Causal Power ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
First Person ◽  
Property Dualism ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The article discusses the relationship between John Searle’s doctrine of naturalism and various forms of materialism and dualism. It is argued that despite Searle’s protestations, his doctrine is not substantially differ- ent from the epiphenomenalistic property dualism, except for the admis- sion, in his later works, of the existence of an irreducible non-Humean self. In particular, his recognition that consciousness is unique in having an irreducible first-person ontology makes his disavowal of property du- alism purely verbalistic. As for epiphenomenalism, Searle’s explanation of how consciousness can be efficacious without violating the causal clo- sure of the physical, by analogy with the causal efficacy of the higher level properties of physical objects that are supervenient on the microphysical, confuses causality and constitution (causal and constitutive superve- nience). It is also argued that Searle’s recognition of the existence of an irreducible non-Humean self that is responsible for decision-making sits badly both with his (property dualistic) view that conscious mental states are irreducibly first-personal states of the brain (rather than of the self) and with his (epiphenomenalistic) view that consciousness has no causal power in addition to that of the underlying neurobiology.

There Are No Killer Apps but Connecting Neural Activity to Behavior through Computation Is Still a Good Idea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Read Montague
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The quest to understand the relationship between neural activity and behavior has been ongoing for well over a hundred years. Although research based on the stimulus-and-response approach to behavior, advocated by behaviorists, flourished during the last century, this view does not, by design, account for unobservable variables (e.g., mental states). Putting aside this approach, modern cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroeconomics, and behavioral economics have sought to explain this connection computationally. One major hurdle lies in the fact that we lack even a simple model of cognitive function. This chapter sketches an application that connects neuromodulator function to decision making and the valuation that underlies it. The nature of this hypothesized connection offers a fruitful platform to understand some of the informational aspects of dopamine function in the brain and how it exposes many different ways of understanding motivated choice.

Ibn Ṭufayl’s (d. 1185)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneli Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Arabic Philosophy ◽  
Great Chain Of Being ◽  
Ibn Tufayl ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Brain

Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān is one of the most abidingly popular works in all of Arabic literature. At once inviting and expansive, accessible and surprisingly deep, the book offers an excellent introduction to the themes of classical Arabic philosophy. What often goes unnoticed is how deliberately Ibn Ṭufayl spins his story of Ḥayy, the self-taught philosopher who grows up alone on an equatorial island. Ḥayy in fact takes the reader on a tour of the Arabic Aristotelian curriculum, with ethical and political themes following upon a comprehensive exploration of the great chain of being. Ḥayy furthermore contributes to numerous sixth-/twelfth-century debates, ranging from the role that the heart and the brain play in the organism’s life, through the weighting of immanent and transcendent factors in the process of coming-to-be, to the relationship of philosophy to revealed religion.

Importance of Brain Reward System in Neuromarketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tayfun Uzbay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shopping Addiction ◽  
Brain Reward System

Neuromarketing is a relatively new concept. It is simply focused on the relationship between consumer behavior and the brain. For this purpose, it analyzes various customer behaviors towards the product and purchase by using various brain imaging techniques and behavioral methodology. Some limbic structures of brain such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus acumbens (NAc), and amygdala have a link to prefrontal cortex (PFC) by dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway. This functional link is called brain reward system (BRS). BRS has a crucial role in the decision-making process of humans during shopping as well as addiction processes of brain. Studies investigating BRS in neuromarketing are very limited. In the chapter, working principles of BRS in neuromarketing and association with human shopping behaviors and shopping addiction/dependence has been investigated and discussed.

scholarly journals Christian Materialism and the Quest for Human Personhood

Perichoresis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Mikael Leidenhag
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
First Person ◽  
Property Dualism ◽  
Intentional States ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Critical Exploration ◽  
First Person Perspective

AbstractThis paper offers a critical exploration of philosopher Kevin Corcoran’s proposed Christian Materialism. Corcoran’s constitution view claimsthat we human persons are constituted by our bodies without being identical with the bodies that constitute us. I will critically evaluate this view and argue that Corcoran has not successfully managed to ground a first-person perspective and intentional states in materialism. Moreover, Corcoran’s property dualism about mental states and the idea of the causally efficacy of such states seem incompatible with materialism. Corcoran’s view ofimago Deiis also explored and evaluated. Towards the end of the paper I put forward a brief defense of dualism in light of Corcoran’s critique.

Look Who Is Talking … and Who Is Listening: Finding an Integrative “We” Voice in Entrepreneurial Scholarship

2020 ◽  
pp. 104225872091450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimo Dimov ◽  
Reiner Schaefer ◽  
Joseph Pistrui
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the relationship between the study of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurs we study. While scholars typically adopt a detached, third-person stance for the purpose of explaining and predicting entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurs instead operate in a first-person stance of deciding what to do. The two stances cannot be reduced to one another. We argue that an engaged dialog—a second-person stance—can bring scholars and entrepreneurs together into a unifying practical decision-making perspective. By working to develop this integrative voice in scholarship, we can collapse the dualism of rigor and relevance.

scholarly journals The Topography of The Female Self in Indian Therapeutic Cults

Ethnologies ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Marine Carrin
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Ritual Action ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Anthropologists have stressed the relationship between symptoms of distress, ritual action and unwanted possession. The article stresses the importance of language and performance in two therapeutic cults in India. The crucial issue here involves showing how ritual becomes a means for either representing or manipulating special mental states. We see how individuals may use possession as a strategy to frame a reformulation of the self. Healing thus involves self-awareness.

scholarly journals Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11472
Author(s):  
José López Aguilar ◽  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodriguez ◽  
José L. Chinchilla-Minguet ◽  
Wanesa Onetti-Onetti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Category

Soccer referees (SRs) encounter stressful situations during competitions and sometimes even outside them, which may affect their decision making. Therefore, it is important that they possess or acquire optimal levels of self-efficacy, since it is related to less stress during competition, also guaranteeing sports performance and prevent sports abandonment. The objectives of this study were to characterize the profile, in terms of self-efficacy, of SRs depending on their category, age, and experience and to determine the relationship of these factors on SR self-efficacy. Two-hundred fifty-six Spanish referees participated in this study and Referee Self-Efficacy Scale was administered and completed. The results indicated that the SRs older than 25 years, of national category, and with experience greater than or equal to 8 years, have higher levels of self-efficacy than those with the least (p < .01). Likewise, moderate positive correlations were also observed between global self-efficacy and the category, age, and experience of the SRs. In conclusion, age, category and experience factors relate the self-efficacy of the SR, which can explain up to 17% of the variance, affecting decision-making and other decisive behaviors in the competition. These findings are of interest to delegations and referee committees seeking to implement psychological intervention programs to prevent burnout and abandonment of sports practice due to the consequences of low self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Rola organów przedstawicielskich w procesie współrządzenia partycypacyjnego (participatory governance). Studium przypadku wybranych miast

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szulc-Wałecka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Self ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Participatory Governance ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Executive Body

In recent decades, the role of representative bodies has been transformed in many countries. It was influenced by reforms inspired by the concept of governance, but one of its strands, i.e., participatory governance, which promotes empowering of citizens, strengthening their involvement, and deepening their participation in the decision-making process, has gained significance. This tendency is also visible in Poland, especially in the self-governments of large cities. The aim of the article is to define the roles of representative bodies in the changing governance process and the relationship between the idea of representation and the concept of participatory governance. The article is based on the research carried out in cities with county status located in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Correspondingly, the research results show that the role of the council in the process of governance is weakening, while the importance of the executive body is increasing. At the same time, participatory governance influenced the creation of new roles that representative bodies currently play.

scholarly journals Management Imperatives of Corruption and Governance Failures in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
John N. N. Ugoani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neurological Substrates ◽  
The Brain

This study was designed to explore the relationship between neurological substrates of emotional intelligence and human behavior. Neuropsychologists posit that human actions are propelled by the neurons, which allow information to travel through the brain and body, in controlling voluntary and involuntary human behaviours. There is evidence that the connection between the amygdala and the neocortex are hug of operations between head and heart, thought and feeling. This circuitry explains why emotion is very crucial to effective thought and decision making. The architecture of the amygdala interferes with the neurons to ensure that each plays effective role as different neurotransmitters. The survey method was used for the study involving 300 respondents; and it was found that neurological substrates of emotional intelligence have positive relationship with human behavior.

Global broadcasting and self-interpretation

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pereplyotchik
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
Prior Model ◽  
Global Workspace ◽  
Global Workspace Theory

AbstractCarruthers claims that global workspace theory implies that sensory states, unlike propositional attitudes, are introspectible in a non-interpretative fashion. I argue that this claim is false, and defend a strong version of the “mindreading is prior” model of first-person access, according to which the self-ascription of all mental states, both propositional and sensory, is interpretative.

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