scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of preservation and growth of spruce climatypes based on long-term provenance trials in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Marina A. Nikolaeva ◽  
Danial Kh. Faizulin ◽  
Alexander Ph Potokin ◽  
Oleg A. Jamaleev
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
The North ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Abstract The article presents the results of provenance trials carried on the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) and hybrid forms of these two species. The trails were laid in 1977-1978 according to wide-scale All-Union program of 1972 year (Prokazin 1972) in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The results of the most recent inventory of provenance trials as well as analyses of preservation and growth of spruce progenies with different geographical origin are presented. One of the main factors affecting spruce progeny survival was north-south distance between seed collection locality and test locality. At the time of the study (2010-2012), in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions, spruce progeny preservation was higher in the case of mother stands distant to the north. On the contrary, in the Leningrad region and the Republic of Bashkortostan, preservation of northern climatypes’ progenies was lower during the whole period of plantations’ growth. With the change of seed collection locality towards west-east direction, a correlation between progeny preservation and geographical origin factors was non-existent (Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions) or weak (Leningrad region, Republic of Bashkortostan). The most successful growth and the lowest preservation were observed under the conditions of sharp-continental climate, in provenance trials carried out in the Bashkortostan Republic. In the north of Russia, in provenance trials in the Arkhangelsk region there was observed the slowest spruce growth. On the whole, at all the objects under investigation, Norway spruce progenies and hybrid forms with Norway spruce properties showed better growth parameters when compared to those of the Siberian spruce.

scholarly journals Phytopatological status and preservation of spruce in provenance trials of the Lyubansky Forest District of Leningrad Region 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. Николаева ◽  
Е.Ю. Варенцова
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
The State ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Географические культуры ели, заложенные на территории Любанского лесничества Ленинградской области в 1977 г., являются частью эксперимента, организованного на территории бывшего СССР по программе ВНИИЛМ. На основании выполненного исследования приведены первые результаты оценки устойчивости ели к грибным болезням. Средняя сохранность 40летних культур в группе потомств Picea abies составляет 39, P. оbovata 26. На протяжении всего периода развития культур северные и восточные потомства имеют более низкую сохранность. Снижение сохранности культур обусловлено факторами географического происхождения семян, а также отсутствием рубок ухода. Выявлены очаги некрознораковых заболеваний и гнилей. Высокая распространённость некрознораковых заболеваний (51 62) прослежена в потомствах псковского, костромского, медвежьегорского и сегежского климатипов. Стволовая гниль находится в начальной стадии развития загнившие сучки и плодовые тела возбудителей на растущих деревьях не выявлены. Отмечаются признаки развития опёнка Armillaria mellea s. l., вызывающего корневую и комлевую гниль. Категория состояния по объекту 2,85, с колебаниями от 2,67 2,76 (P. abies и гибридные формы P. abies) до 2,95 3,09 (P. оbovata и её гибридные формы), что свидетельствует об ослаблении или о сильном ослаблении насаждений с нарушением их устойчивости. Низкая категория состояния (3,3 3,4) отмечена в потомствах гибридных форм с признаками P. оbovata кареломедвежьгорского и архангельскоплесецкого происхождений. В группе потомств P. abies прослежена достоверная зависимость категории состояния от географического происхождения семян: с удалением мест заготовок семян на север и восток состояние культур хуже. Среди гибридных форм с признаками P. оbovata лучшим состоянием отличаются восточные потомства. Provenance trials of spruce, established on the territory of the Lyubansky Forest District of the Leningrad Region in 1977, are a part of a vast experiment started on the territory of the former USSR. On the basis of the studies performed, the first results of the assessment of the spruce resistance to fungal pathogens are presented. The average preservation of 40yearold trials in the Picea abies progenies group is 39 and in P. ovovata is 26. During the whole period of cultures development northern and eastern progenies had lower rate of preservation. The decrease in the preservation of provenance trials is due to factors of geographical origin of seeds, as well as the lack of selection thinning. Foci of necrosiscancerous diseases and rots were identified. A high distribution rate of necrosiscancerous diseases (51 62) was traced to the progenies of Pskov, Kostroma, Myedvezhegorsk and Segezha climatypes. Stem rot is in the initial stage of development: rotten knots and fruiting bodies of pathogens on growing trees have not been found. There are signs of the development of honey fungus Armillaria mellea s.l., which causes root and butt rot. The state category of the object is 2.85, with fluctuations from 2.67 2.76 (P. abies and hybrid forms of P. abies) to 2.95 3.09 (P. оbovata and its hybrid forms), which indicates decline, or strong decline of forest stands with loss of their sustainability. The low state category (3.3 3.4) is noted in the progenies of hybrid forms with P. obovata properties of KarelianMyedvezhegorsk and ArkhangelskPlesetsk origins. In the group of progenies P. abies, a significant dependency of the category of state on the geographical origin of seeds was traced: if we go further to the North and East, the state of the trails is getting worse. Among the hybrid forms with the properties of P. оbovata, the eastern progenies have the best state.

scholarly journals Evaluation of survival and growth of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. provenances in the north of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Nakvasina Elena N ◽  
Demina Nadezhda A ◽  
Prozherina Nadezhda A
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
The North ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Adaptation variability and ecological plasticity in the “genotype-environment” system of 22 provenances of Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Picea obovata (von Ledebour) and their introgressive hybrids growing within the Russian Plain were studied. Provenances grow in provenance trials located in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda Regions, and Komi Republic. For assessment of provenances in the “genotype-environment” system, the ranking method was used. Based on a complex ranking index (survival, diameter, height) two local areas of the most adaptive geographic races of P. abies, P. obovata and their hybrid forms were distinguished. In the south-western part of the Russian Plain the best provenances are represented by P. abies and related hybrids from Karelia, Vologda, Leningrad, and Pskov Regions. In the north-eastern part they are represented by P. obovata and its hybrids from the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk Regions. Provenances of local P. abies and related hybrid forms demonstrate high ecological plasticity on their growing in harsh climatic conditions of the north outside of the species distribution area.

New cryptogamic records. 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Czernyadjeva ◽  
T. Ahti ◽  
O. N. Boldina ◽  
S. V. Chesnokov ◽  
E. A. Davydov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
New Siberian Islands ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Western ◽  
North Ossetia

First records of chrysophytes for the North-Western Russia and the Leningrad Region, fungi for the Pskov Region, lichens for Svalbard and the Altai Territory, bryophytes for the Far East, Arkhangelsk, Saratov, Voronezh and Sakhalin regions, the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, the Republic of Altai, the New Siberian Islands Archipelago, the Kuril Islands, the Republic of South Ossetia. The data on its localities, habitats and distribution are provided.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SANITARY STATE OF PLANT FORMATIONS OF LARGE-LEAVED LINDEN (TÍLIA PLATYPHÝLLOS) IN THE YANAUL FORESTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN FOR 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
O.V. Khalikova ◽  
◽  
R.R. Bayturina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
The North ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Operational Activities

This article presents the results of a study of forest territories of the Yanaul forestry of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2019. Of particular interest is the study of largeleaved Linden formations in the North of the Republic, since the forested lands of this region have long had the status of operational territories-they were subject to development and all types of use. Over the decades, the ongoing development activities on the forests much damage has been caused to the formation of large leaved lime. Until the 1980s, all types of lime cutting were banned here due to the fact that it is a honey crop. But after the removal of this ban in the Yanaul forestry, plantations were subjected to continuous and selective logging for the purpose of harvesting wood. After 35 years of continuous exploitation of Linden forests in the North of the Republic, they led to a sharp decrease in the natural renewal of the studied woody plant species, led to a large number of mechanical damage to the stand and diseases. At the moment, these activities have been discontinued due to the closure of the leading timber processing plant, which was engaged in harvesting and deep processing of wood, in particular Linden. Therefore, studies of annual changes in sanitary and phytosanitary conditions, as well as analysis of the dynamics of natural renewal of forest-forming species are necessary, which determines the relevance of this work. Continuous deforestation and lack of high-quality reforestation measures in the valuable Linden forest have led to severe disruption of the natural ecosystem. As a result of the violation of its integrity, pests entered the Linden tree formation, as well as other existing plantings, and a large number of diseases of woody plants appeared, which a few years ago almost completely destroyed such a unique forest ecosystem. At the time of the study, the aim of the work was to study the phytosanitary condition of wood plants in the Yanaul forest district after the termination of operational activities. The tasks included the proposal of measures for the restoration of valuable forest areas, in particular the large-leaved Linden formation.

scholarly journals Comparison of weed communities organization factors in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Sergey Maratovich Yamalov ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Lebedeva ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Luneva ◽  
Gulnaz Rimovna Khasanova ◽  
Zinnur Khaidarovich Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

This paper considers the results of the ordination analysis of weed communities in two regions - the Leningrad Region (LR) and the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The dataset includes 1726 relevs of the weed communities executed by the authors during 2000-2018 in cereal and root crops. The calculation of the ecological statuses of communities on 9 scales of D.N. Tsyganov is carried out for ecological characteristics of habitats. The values of the scales corresponding to climatic factors (thermoclimatic scale, cryoclimatic scale, aridity-gumidity scale), edafic factors (salt regime, soil acidity, nitrogen richness, variability of moistening) as well as scales of soil moisture and lightning are attracted to the analysis. The communities ranges on each scale are determined. The detrended correspondent analysis (DCA-ordination) with CANOCO 4.5 software package is used for the identification of ecological patterns of species and communities distribution and definition of the main drivers. It is demonstrated that the sets of the scales reflecting main ecological drivers significantly differ for the compared regions. Only the thermoclimatic scale and the scale of variability of moistening are common for both regions. The scales of nitrogen richness, variability of moistening and cryoclimatic influence generally on floristic composition differentiation in the LR. The scales of aridity-gumidity, the salt regime, lightning, moistening and soil acidity determine the floristic differentiation in the RB. A large number of scales in RB are defined by a variety of zonal vegetation types in the region which are connected with landscapes of forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones as well as a mountain-forest belt of the Southern Ural. The zonal vegetation of LR belongs only to subzones of the southern and average Taiga. The exception is the lightning scale which high values of correlation are connected with a considerable share of sunflower and corn in cultivated crops in RB.

scholarly journals RAFTS AND TRADES RELATED TO WOOD PROCESSING IN RUSSIAN VILLAGES OF STANS 3 AND 4 OF ZLATOUSTOVSKY DISTRICT OF UFA PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Е Е Nechvaloda
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The North ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Russian North ◽  
New Material ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Artistic Images

The article is based on the data of the field researches carried out by the author in the north-eastern regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Duvansky, Mechetlinsky and Belokotaysky Districts) in 2011-2014. In late 19th - early 20th centuries, this territory was part of stans 3 and 4 of the Zlatoustovsky District of the Ufa Province. Most of the Russian population of this area were the “Kunguryaks”, the descendants of immigrants from the northern lands (the former Perm and Vyatka Provinces). The author of the article considers the traditions of wood processing that existed in the Russian villages within the area under study in late 19th - early 20th centuries. Most objects required in the household and in everyday life were made from wood: there were many carved, chiselled, bent objects as well as those braided from rod, birch bark, and bast in the peasant’s house, they were daily used in all spheres of life. Many crafts and trades were connected with wood processing: carpentry, cooperage, joinery, etc. In the villages, there were wood carvers and “painters”, who turned wooden objects into pieces of decorative and applied arts. The traditions of wood processing were brought by the “Kunguryaks” from their historical homeland and they have much in common with the traditions of the Russian North. Among the artistic images of wood carving, there are both ancient amulets - images of ducks, horses, the sun, and Christian symbols - images of a cross, a chalice with grape bunches. In the painting on wood, both the Ural and Vyatka traditions are notable. The article fills in the gaps in the studies of the traditional culture of the Russian ethnos that for now is investigated unevenly in various regions, and the author introduces new material on its material culture into scientific use.

New cryptogamic records. 8

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-516
Author(s):  
V. M. Kotkova ◽  
O. M. Afonina ◽  
T. Dejidmaa ◽  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
O. V. Erokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

First records of silica-scaled chrysophyte alga for the Leningrad Region and North-West of European Russia, fungi for the Pskov and Novosibirsk regions, and the Republic of Tuva, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area and West Siberia, liverworts for the Kurgan Region, mosses for the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, and the Kamchatka Territory from the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided. The specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the Herbarium of M. G. Popov at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden RAS (NSK), or the Herbarium of the Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus (MSK-F).

Russian Federalism: Political, Legal, and Ethnolingual Aspects—A View from the Republic of Bashkortostan

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildus G. Ilishev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

Problems of building a new democratic Russia based on federative principles and the region's long-refractory “national question,” forming a knotty tangle of complicated issues, have steadily remained in the political limelight. In a number of regions worldwide dramatic changes have occurred, related in one way or the other to the processes of national-territorial self-determination. As a result of this, the Eurasian political landscape has been marked by the emergence of some twenty newly independent states. Suffice it to say that the Soviet Union, a preponderant superpower feared by all, collapsed; and in Europe the Federative Republic of Yugoslavia ceased to exist, bringing on a long-term national conflict threatening not only regional but even global security. In East Central Europe binational Czechoslovakia split up into two independent nation states. Elsewhere, even in the absence of militarized national conflict, political processes have dramatically intensified. In Asia, for example, the multinational Chinese Republic with its Tibetan and Uighur problems, and ethnically heterogeneous India with its population speaking more than 400 languages and dialects have long attracted public attention as sources of potential instability in the region. The “Sikh issue” alone, for instance, continues to pose a threat to India. Even the North American continent, a peaceful region in terms of its political and ethnic stability, is confronted with similar problems. The integrity of Canada is still in question with the franco-lingual province of Quebec striving for independence.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing the level of innovation infrastructure saturation of regional economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Колесниченко ◽  
Elena Kolesnichenko ◽  
Бугаков ◽  
Vladimir Bugakov ◽  
Гузеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All

The article investigates the importance of innovation infrastructure in developing areas. A content analysis of the categories of "infrastructure" has shown that the main purpose of creating infrastructure is to create conditions for the development of enterprises. From the standpoint of the process approach, a model of interaction of the primary process and infrastructure support is suggested, allowed us to estimate the infrastructure in relation to the resources available to meet the needs of the primary process. These circumstances led to the conclusion of the inseparability of infrastructure from activities. Particular attention is paid to the infrastructure, ensuring the development of innovation - innovation infrastructure, including determining its place in the overall infrastructure of the territory. The main subjects of innovation infrastructure are: technopolis, clusters, business accelerators, business incubators, technology parks, industrial parks, and nanotechnology- innovation and technology centers, etc. The diversity of the subjects of innovation infrastructure determines the relevance of the subjects to determine the adequacy of a particular ter-ritory and the choice of appropriate to the formation and (or) development. The article presents the results of an analytical study to determine the degree of saturation of regions with objects of innovation infrastructure. To determine the degree of saturation of objects of innovative infrastructure, territories used indicator of “concentration of innovation infrastructure entities, defined as the ratio of the elements of the innovation infrastructure in the region, and the maximum number of elements of the innovation infrastructure”. The analysis showed that the majority of the analyzed regions of Russia have almost all the objects of innovation infrastructure, but some objects of innovative structures are absent in many regions: there are no business accelerator in Belgorod, Lipetsk, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk and Leningrad regions, Republic of Bashkortostan, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Territory – Yugra. Technopolises exist in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tambov, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Leningrad Region, the Republic of Tatarstan.

Sustainability of Economic Growth in Regions of Russia in the Pre-Crisis Period

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Econometric evaluation of economic growth sustainability of various regions is provided. As it is stated, for the period of 1998–2012 economies of the North Caucasian and the Far Eastern federal districts tended to develop more sustainably, while economies of the Central and the Urals federal districts tended to develop less sustainably. Within the North Caucasian federal region, it was the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, that showed the most sustainable economic growth. Similarly, during the same period the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the Far East federal district, the Krasnoyarsk Region within the Siberian federal district, the Leningrad Region within the North-West federal district and the Republic of Adygea within the Southern federal district were leaders in terms of sustainable development within their federal districts. As for the Volga federal district, the most sustainable economic growth was observed in the Republic of Bashkortostan; within the Urals federal district the most sustainable growth was observed in the Sverdlovsk Region and within the Central federal district — in Belgorod Region. The need to differentiate anti-crisis economic policy towards separate regions, dependant on the propensity of a regional economic system for sustainable economic growth, is emphasized.

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