scholarly journals Medicinal Mushrooms Ophiocordyceps Sinensis and Paecilomyces Hepiali

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Uhrinová ◽  
L. Ungvarská Maľučka
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The fungi of the genus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) belong to entomopathogenic fungi. Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been used as a tonic and medicinal product in China for more than 2,000 years. A number of scientific papers have described the clinical use of this parasitic fungus with subsequent biological and pharmacological effects. The various chemical compounds identified in these fungi are responsible for a wide range of biological activity: cordycepin, cordycepic acid, D-mannitol, polysaccharides, nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Our research focused on the determinations of the biologically active chemical compounds in extracts from cultivated Ophiocordyceps fungi using UV/VIS (Ultraviolet/Visible) spectrophotometry and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. The testing of antimicrobial activity of extracts against the collection strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the percentage of RIZD (relative inhibition zone diameter) ranged from 83 % to 166 %. The increased antimicrobial activity against E. coli was observed in comparison with that against S. aureus.

Edible Mushrooms: Novel Medicinal Agents to Combat Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 4970-4981
Author(s):  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Chun-Hsu Pan ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien ◽  
Hui-Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low-fat content and a transisomer of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fiber content, biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides or polysaccharide β-glucans, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids. In vitro experiments, animal models, and even human studies have demonstrated not only fresh edible mushroom but also mushroom extract that has great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as antiobesity, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effect. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods and drugs. The focus of this report was to provide a concise and complete review of the novel medicinal properties of fresh or dry mushroom and extracts, fruiting body or mycelium and its extracts, fiber, polysaccharides, beta-glucan, triterpenes, fucoidan, ergothioneine from edible mushrooms that may help to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity of freeze-dried raspberry

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vulic ◽  
Aleksandra Velicanski ◽  
Dragana Cetojevic-Simin ◽  
Vesna Tumbas-Saponjac ◽  
Sonja Djilas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Freeze Dried

The main chemical composition, i.e. the total content of bioactive compounds (phenolics 2209.86 ? 70.32 mg GAE/100g FDR, flavonoids 831.87 ? 12.61 mg R/100g FDR and anthocyanins 144.55 ? 0.39 mg CGE/100g FDR), in freeze-dried raspberry (FDR) was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Vitamin C content was determined by HPLC analysis (88.81 ? 4.38 mg vit C/100g FDR). Antioxidant activities of FDR extract were evaluated spectrophotometrically on stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) method on hydroxyl radicals (?OH). EC50 values were evaluated. EC50 DPPH? was 0.127 ? 0.013 mg/ml, while EC50 ?OH was 1.366 ? 0.026 mg/ml. Antiproliferative activity of the FDR extract was evaluated in vitro in three human cell lines by colorimetric sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. The most pronounced effects were obtained in the breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7). EC50 value was 395.07 ? 96.38 ?g/ml. Antimicrobial activity was determined by disk diffusion method. The FDR extract produced a clear inhibition zone (without visible colonies) only toward Staphylococcus aureus. The minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of FDR extract were evaluated. The values MIC were in the range of 4.7 - 100 mg/ml, and of MBC in the range of 6.3 - > 100 mg/ml.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of different fractional extracts of cerastium glomeratum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Hubaib ◽  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Wide Range

Every plant available in the universe is not produced to be the part of biodiversity, but is also produced to obtain medicinal purposes. The medicinal value of the plant is due to the availability of various chemical compounds [1]. Since prehistoric time, the crude extract of plant is used to cure various diseases, although the biologically active components of the plant were unidentified [2]. In the present study the antibacterial activity is performed for various extracts of cerastium glomeratum. The plant cerastium glomeratum was collected from near kalpani river Mardan, Pakistan and was identified by lecturer Israr department of botany GPGC Mardan, Pakistan. The plant was dried under shade and grinded into powder form. The extraction process was done by using soxhlet apparatus, reflux condenser and maceration process using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was divided into different fractions of n-hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate and water. These four extracts were tested against gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E.coli) bacteria using well diffusion technique. The water extract show a wide range inhibition zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria while n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate fractions show no zone of inhibition against bacteria. In effort to find new antibacterial compounds cerastium glomeratum seems to be a good plant for additional phytochemical studies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity investigation of natural bromotyrosine derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
H. Ehrlich ◽  
V.P. Kovalchuk ◽  
A.S. Voronkina ◽  
I.M. Vovk ◽  
І.Yu. Sidko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Aplysina Aerophoba ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Annotation. The relevance of the search for new natural antimicrobials is dictated by global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Studies of marine sponges of the class Demospongiae, including more than 7300 species, have become promising from the pharmacological point of view. Sponges produce a wide range of biologically active substances of different classes such as steroids, isoprene, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms or kill them. The trial of brominated isoxazoline alkaloid derivates named bromotyrosines has been enough promising. The aim of our work was to determine the antimicrobial activity of aeroplysinin-1 against clinical antibiotic-resistant strains of gram-positive bacteria and fungi of the genus Candida. The aeroplysinin-1 substance was isolated by methanol extraction from desiccated specimens of sponge Aplysina aerophoba followed with its separation by column chromatography in the Extreme Biomimetics Laboratory of the Electronics and Sensor Materials Institute, Freiberg Mining Academy, UT (Germany). Well method was used to determine antimicrobial action of the tested substance against clinical strains of bacteria and fungi (S. aureus, C. acnes, C. albicans). Aeroplysinin-1 was found to demonstrate high antibacterial activity against clinical strains of the genera Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus. The inhibiting growth zones around the wells filled with 0.1% solution of aeroplysinin-1 in dimethyl sulfoxide had diameters of 35.4±3.2 mm, 32.1±2.8 mm and 26.5±2.5 mm for cutibacterium, enterococci, and staphylococci, respectively. It was revealed aeroplysinin-1 had no activity against fungi of the genus Candida. So, after a comprehensive study of pharmacological properties of this natural bromotyrosine compound, which is a secondary metabolite of marine sponges Aplysina aerophoba, it can be added to the list of alternative compounds to struggle multiresistent to modern antibiotics pathogens causing human diseases.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Dan Propionibacterium acne

Media Farmasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Alfrida Monica Salasa ◽  
St Ratnah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Peel Extract

Longan Fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) Peel Waste contains chemical compounds with antimicrobial activity, which are not fully utilized. The study aims to determine the inhibition of Longan Fruit Peel extract (Euphoria longan Stend) against Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acne. Furthermore, Longan fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) was dried and extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol, then tested for its antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method at a concentration of 5% 7.5% and 10% w/v. The results showed that the average inhibition zone diameter for Candida albicans at 5% concentration was 14.33 mm, 7.5% concentration was 15.33 mm, and 10% concentration was 16.66 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition zone diameter for Propionibacterium acne at a concentration of 5% w/v was 14.67 mm, 7.5% w/v was 16.67 mm, and 10% w/v was 18.33 mm. The Longan Fruit Peel Extract (Euphoria longan Stend) has antimicrobial activity tested against Candida albicans at a concentration of 7.5% w/v and 10% w/v for Propionibacterium acne. Keywords: Longan Fruit Peel Extract, Antimicrobial activity, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acneLimbah Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba, namun sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan daya hambat ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) terhadap Candida albicans dan Propionibacterium acne. Kulit buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) dikeringkan kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan Etanol 96% lalu diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya dengan metode difusi agar pada konsentrasi 5%; 7,5% dan 10%b/v. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan  rata-rata diameter zona hambat untuk Candida albicans pada konsnetrasi 5% sebesar 14,33 mm, konsentrasi 7,5% sebesar 15,33 mm, konsentrasi 10% sebesar 16,66 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat untuk Propionibacterium acne pada konsentrasi 5% b/v sebesar 14,67 mm, 7,5% b/v sebesar 16,67 mm, dan  konsetrasi 10% b/v sebesar 18,33 mm  Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan Ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Candida albicans pada konsentrasi 7,5% b/v dan konsentrasi 10%b/v untuk Propionibacterium acne.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng, Aktivitas antimikroba, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acne

Influence of specific amino acid side-chains on the antimicrobial activity and structure of bovine lactoferrampin1This article is part of Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan F. Haney ◽  
Kamran Nazmi ◽  
Jan G.M. Bolscher ◽  
Hans J. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Wide Range

Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa iron binding protein found in the secretory fluids of mammals and it plays a major role in host defence. An antimicrobial peptide, lactoferrampin, was identified through sequence analysis of bovine lactoferrin and its antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and yeast species is well documented. In the present work, the contribution of specific amino acid residues of lactoferrampin was examined to evaluate the role that they play in membrane binding and bilayer disruption. The structures of all the bovine lactoferrampin derivatives were examined with circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their interactions with phospholipids were evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry techniques. From our results it is apparent that the amphipathic N-terminal helix anchors the peptide to membranes with Trp 268 and Phe 278 playing important roles in determining the strength of the interaction and for inducing peptide folding. In addition, the N-terminal helix capping residues (DLI) increase the affinity for negatively charged vesicles and they mediate the depth of membrane insertion. Finally, the unique flexibility in the cationic C-terminal region of bovine lactoferrampin does not appear to be essential for the antimicrobial activity of the peptide.

scholarly journals Antibacterial property of crude extract from stem-bark and leaves of Rhizophora apiculata against selected bacterial fish pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal, K.C.A. ◽  
Zaima Azira ◽  
Kamaruzzaman B.Y ◽  
Akbar John ◽  
Said Imaddudeen
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Recently the wide range of commercial antibiotics in fish feed for aquaculture practices has led to antibacterial resistance, environmental pollution and residue build-up in fish tissue. Therefore new sources of antibiotics from natural sources need to be investigated to circumvent these problems. Rhizophora apiculata has been reported to have high antimicrobial activity due to the high concentration of tannin in the bark of the tree. Methods: Based on these contexts, this study was conducted to measure the antimicrobial activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and distill water extracts from the stem-bark and the leaves of R. apiculata. 9 species of bacteria consist of B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P.aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, H. alvei, V. alginolyticus, V. paraheamolyticus and E. coli were tested to measure their susceptibility to the extracts. The extracts were dissolved into 2 different concentrations which were 10 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL or 10 ug/disc and 50 ug/disc respectably, to determine the inhibitory effect of the extract upon the bacterial fish pathogen. Results: 2 species of Gram-positive bacteria which were B. subtilis and S. epidermidis have shown positive results with 9.0 mm to 16.0 mm of inhibition zone respectably while the other bacteria were resistant to the extract concentration administered. Conclusions: A continuous monitoring need to be carried out to comprehend the potential of Rhizophora apiculataas and other mangrove plants, which can be applied as an alternative source for environmental friendly antibacterial drug in pharmaceutical and aquaculture industries.

scholarly journals Biological and taxonomical characteristics of endophytic Streptomyces TQR8-14 and its production potential of antimicrobial substance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720
Author(s):  
Phan Thi Hong Thao ◽  
Nguyen Vu Mai Linh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antimicrobial Substance ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Endophytic Actinomycetes ◽  
Wide Range

Endophytic actinomycetes colonize in living plant tissues without causing harm to the host plant. In fact, they are regarded as effective bio-control agents and plant growth promoters due to their ability to activate plant self-immunity and produce biologically active secondary metabolites. Recent studies reported higher rates in finding new strains and antimicrobial substances among endophytes than actinomycetes from soil and plant surface. In this work, endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from Ham Yen orange trees, a famous specialty of Tuyen Quang province, and screened for antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The isolate TQR8-14, showing strong activity, was studied with regard to its biological and taxonomical characteristics and production of antimicrobial substance. Based on the mycelial morphology, this isolate was placed in yellow group of streptomycetes. The isolate developed milky to yellow aerial mycelia on all test media and long straight spore chains bearing smooth cylinder spores. The isolate could grow at wide range of temperature 15 to 45oC, of pH 4 to 10; on substrates such as carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, protein and chitin; and tolerated up to 3% salinity. Its 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (1,404 bp) shared 99% similarity to Streptomyces parvus. Therefore, the isolate was named as Streptomyces parvus TQR8-14. The highest antimicrobial activity was achieved in culture on medium AH4 containing soybean meal and glucose, at 30oC and pH 7.0.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Three Ocimum basilicum L. Cultivars from Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra S. ILIĆ ◽  
Mališa P. ANTIĆ ◽  
Slavica C. JELAČIĆ ◽  
Tatjana M. ŠOLEVIĆ KNUDSEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition

Basil essential oil (BEO) contains a wide range of chemical compounds whose content may vary depending on chemotypes, environmental conditions, agronomic techniques and particularly the origin of the plant. In our present study, essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation method from dry herbs of three basil cultivars and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Two of the tested cultivars belong to sweet basil group (B1 and B2) while the third one was large leafed ʽGenovese’ basil (B3). EO content in the dry herb was 0.65%, 0.41% and 0.62% respectively. The main classes of compounds of B1EO and B3EO were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.39% and 37.95%), oxygenated monoterpenes (25.44% and 28.04%) and phenylpropanoids (17.43% and 15.71%). The main constituents of both EOs were monoterpene alcohol linalool (13.68% and 15.38%), phenoyl derivate eugenol (10.83% and 8.97%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon α-bergamotene (8.12% and 9.25%). In both EOs, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene was detected in considerable amount (7.03% and 8.07%). The most abundant compound classes in B2EO were oxygenated monoterpenes (52.07%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24.27%) and phenylpropanoids (10.95%). Linalool was the dominant compound (40.97%), followed by epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8.70%) and methyl chavicol (7.92%). The results showed complex chemical composition of BEOs and pointed out the presence of biologically active compounds of importance for different branches of the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industry. Although there are differences in the chemical composition of the BEOs, the obtained results show that all of the tested cultivars are rich in compounds which are responsible for biological activities. 

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of different fractional extracts of cerastium glomeratum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Himayat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Hubaib ◽  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Wide Range

Every plant available in the universe is not produced to be the part of biodiversity, but is also produced to obtain medicinal purposes. The medicinal value of the plant is due to the availability of various chemical compounds [1]. Since prehistoric time, the crude extract of plant is used to cure various diseases, although the biologically active components of the plant were unidentified [2]. In the present study the antibacterial activity is performed for various extracts of cerastium glomeratum. The plant cerastium glomeratum was collected from near kalpani river Mardan, Pakistan and was identified by lecturer Israr department of botany GPGC Mardan, Pakistan. The plant was dried under shade and grinded into powder form. The extraction process was done by using soxhlet apparatus, reflux condenser and maceration process using ethanol as a solvent. The extract was divided into different fractions of n-hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate and water. These four extracts were tested against gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (E.coli) bacteria using well diffusion technique. The water extract show a wide range inhibition zone against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria while n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate fractions show no zone of inhibition against bacteria. In effort to find new antibacterial compounds cerastium glomeratum seems to be a good plant for additional phytochemical studies.

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