scholarly journals Implementation of a Multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service Programme in Sweden – A Qualitative Study of Promoting and Hindering Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Haggård ◽  
Björn Trolldal ◽  
Pia Kvillemo ◽  
Karin Guldbrandsson
Keyword(s):  
Community Action ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Evidence Strength ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Responsible Beverage Service ◽  
Intervention Costs ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Role Definitions

AbstractAIMS – The objective of this study was to identify factors that either promote or hinder implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service programme in Swedish municipalities. DESIGN – Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted in six municipalities and directed content analysis, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), was performed. RESULTS – The CFIR framework was useful as an underlying theoretical model in this study. Importance of the following factors, described in the five domains of CFIR, was empirically supported in this study: local needs, evidence strength and advantages of the intervention, costs and available resources, clear goals, evaluation and feedback, access to knowledge and information, clear role definitions and cooperation, and enthusiastic key persons with high confidence in the effectiveness of the intervention. Hindering factors listed by the informants were lack of enthusiasm and opportunities to specialise, low degree of self-efficacy, unengaged decision-makers, complexities of the programme, and a top-down approach. CONCLUSIONS – This study indicates that previously identified factors shown to promote and hinder implementation processes are also valid in the context of multicomponent community action programmes like RBS. Suggestions on how to elude some of the hindering factors are proposed, e.g. to develop long-time financial plans, to provide better information about the RBS program in full, and to stress the importance of collaboration between representatives from the municipalities, police authorities and owners of on-licenced premises.

Impact and Challenges of Centres for Education and Community Action in Cameroon’s North West Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Fonteh Athanasius Amungwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.

scholarly journals Leadership assumptions on implementation of patient involvement methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Håland Jeppesen ◽  
Kirsten Frederiksen ◽  
Marianne Johansson Joergensen ◽  
Kirsten Beedholm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Processes

Abstract Background From 2014 to 17, a large-scale project, ‘The User-involving Hospital’, was implemented at a Danish university hospital. Research highlights leadership as crucial for the outcome of change processes in general and for implementation processes in particular. According to the theory on organizational learning by Agyris and Schön, successful change requires organizational learning. Argyris and Schön consider that the assumptions of involved participants play an important role in organizational learning and processes. The purpose was to explore leaders’ assumptions concerning implementation of patient involvement methods in a hospital setting. Methods Qualitative explorative interview study with the six top leaders in the implementation project. The semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed in accordance with Kvale and Brinkmanns’ seven stages of interview research. Result The main leadership assumptions on what is needed in the implementation process are in line with the perceived elements in organizational learning according to the theory of Argyris and Schön. Hence, they argued that implementation of patient involvement requires a culture change among health care professionals. Two aspects on how to obtain success in the implementation process were identified based on leadership assumptions: “The health care professionals’ roles in the implementation process” and “The leaders’ own roles in the implementation process”. Conclusion The top leaders considered implementation of patient involvement a change process that necessitates a change in culture with health care professionals as crucial actors. Furthermore, the top leaders considered themselves important facilitators of this implementation process.

scholarly journals Designing industry 4.0 implementation from the initial background and context of companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Valérie Rocchi ◽  
Daniel Brissaud
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Right

Industry 4.0 is a promising concept that allows industries to meet customers’ demands with flexible and resilient processes, and highly personalised products. This concept is made up of different dimensions. For a long time, innovative digital technology has been thought of as the only dimension to succeed in digital transformation projects. Other dimensions have been identified such as organisation, strategy, and human resources as key while rolling out digital technology in factories. From these findings, researchers have designed industry 4.0 theoretical models and then built readiness models that allow for analysing the gap between the company initial situation and the theoretical model. Nevertheless, this purely deductive approach does not take into consideration a company’s background and context, and eventually favours one single digital transformation model. This article aims at analysing four actual digital transformation projects and demonstrating that the digital transformation’s success or failure depends on the combination of two variables related to a company’s background and context. This research is based on a double approach: deductive and inductive. First, a literature review has been carried out to define industry 4.0 concept and its main dimensions and digital transformation success factors, as well as barriers, have been investigated. Second, a qualitative survey has been designed to study in-depth four actual industry digital transformation projects, their genesis as well as their execution, to analyse the key variables in succeeding or failing. 46 semi-structured interviews were carried out with projects’ members; interviews have been analysed with thematic content analysis. Then, each digital transformation project has been modelled regarding the key variables and analysed with regards to succeeding or failing. Investigated projects have consolidated the models of digital transformation. Finally, nine digital transformation models have been identified. Industry practitioners could design their digital transformation project organisation and strategy according to the right model.

scholarly journals Problems of formalization of the mentoring institute in healthcare and ways of solving them

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Burdastova
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Mentoring System

Introduction. This study focuses on the formalization of the institution of mentoring in health care. The mentoring system in Russia has existed for a long time. Still, there is a particular interest in this topic since the requirements for the quality of medical care are changing, new challenges arise in the healthcare sector, and reducing staff turnover and retaining highly qualified specialists in the workplace arises. Targets and goals. The aim of the study is to clarify the need for institutional consolidation of the institution of mentoring. The tasks of the work included identifying factors motivating or demotivating medical workers to participate in the mentoring system, as well as the search for problems of formalizing the institution of mentoring. Material and methods. The author conducted a sociological study in Moscow: a mass questionnaire survey among doctors and nurses in 6 medical institutions subordinated to the Department of Health of the city of Moscow and a series of in-depth structured interviews with representatives of medical organizations in charge of mentoring in their organizations (17). Analysis of quantitative data was carried out using the construction of classification trees using the CHAID method. Results. The main issue that experts propose to spell out when formalizing mentoring is the skills and abilities. Employee willingness to become mentors varies. The study found that physicians over the age of 27 are most likely to become mentors convinced of the need to introduce and expand mentoring in the workplace. Young doctors under the age of 27 are less likely to take on the mentoring function due to a lack of confidence in their qualifications, as well as older colleagues who are dissatisfied with the working conditions in the workplace and do not consider it necessary to introduce or expand a mentoring system in their organization. Conclusion. The study showed that experts have a positive attitude to formalizing the institute of mentoring, noting that there should be a single document of a recommendatory nature.

scholarly journals Understanding Low-value Care and Associated De-implementation Processes: A Qualitative Study of Choosing Wisely Interventions Across Canadian Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Parker ◽  
Monika Kastner ◽  
Karen Born ◽  
Nida Shahid ◽  
Whitney Berta
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Choosing Wisely ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:Choosing Wisely (CW) is an international movement comprised of national campaigns in more than 20 countries to reduce low-value care (LVC). Hospitals and healthcare providers are examining existing practices and putting interventions in place to reduce practices that offer little to no benefit to patients or may cause them harm. De-implementation, the reduction or removal of a healthcare practice is an emerging field of research. Little is known about the factors which (i) sustain LVC; and (ii) the magnitude of the problem of LVC. In addition, little is known about the processes of de-implementation, and if and how these processes differ from implementation endeavours. The objective of this study was to explicate the myriad factors which impact the processes and outcomes of de-implementation initiatives that are designed to address national Choosing Wisely campaign recommendations.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals implementing Choosing Wisely Canada recommendations in healthcare settings in four provinces. The interview guide was developed using concepts from the literature and the Implementation Process Model (IPM) as a framework. All interviews were conducted virtually, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Seventeen Choosing Wisely team members were interviewed. Participants identified numerous provider factors, most notably habit, which sustain LVC. Contrary to reporting in recent studies, the majority of LVC in the sample was not ‘patient facing’; therefore, patients were not a significant driver for the LVC, nor a barrier to reducing it. Participants detailed aspects of the magnitude of the problems of LVC, specifically the impact of harm and resources. Unique factors influencing the processes of de-implementation reported were: influence of Choosing Wisely campaigns, availability of data, lack of targets and hard-coded interventions.Conclusions: This study explicates factors ranging from those which impact the maintenance of LVC to factors that impact the success of de-implementation interventions intended to reduce them. The findings draw attention to the significance of unintentional factors, highlight the importance of understanding the impact of harm and resources to reduce LVC and illuminate the overstated impact of patients in de-implementation literature. These findings illustrate the complexities of de-implementation.

An Empirically Supported Taxonomy of Misinformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mark Chong ◽  
Murphy Choy
Keyword(s):  
Human History ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Urban Legends ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
The Military

Fake news, which includes both disinformation and misinformation, has been a challenge for many countries in the last few years. Disinformation has been present in modern history as part of the tool kit of PSYOPS for the military. Likewise, misinformation has been part of human history for a long time. Hoaxes, rumors, and urban legends—all of which can be classified as differing types of misinformation, although they are not commonly addressed as such—have been exploited by adversarial organizations for their own benefit. This study will propose a comprehensive taxonomy to tackle fake news, disinformation, and misinformation and assess the level of threat they pose to society. A comprehensive comparison with existing typologies will also be included.

scholarly journals Monitoring, Cajoling and Promoting Dialogue: What Role for Supranational Human Rights Bodies in the Implementation of Individual Decisions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Clara Sandoval ◽  
Philip Leach ◽  
Rachel Murray
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
National Human ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Abstract This article analyses the role of supranational human rights bodies in the implementation of their orders and recommendations in individual cases. It elicits the means, roles and impact of supranational mechanisms in triggering implementation processes by looking at the practice of UN treaty bodies and the three regional systems, through the in-depth study of specific cases and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders. The article argues that supranational bodies are doing more than monitoring implementation of orders and recommendations in individual cases despite the scarcity of resources. They use different tools, both persuasive and coercive. Dialogue is central to their work, a dialogue that at times is opened to other actors such as civil society organizations, national human rights institutions and others. However, supranational bodies could do more to enhance the role they have promoting implementation by states of their orders and recommendations.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Family Life in Men Following Neurosurgery for Adult Onset Epileptic Seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Martin Raffaele
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Definitions

This study explored family relationship dynamics of men with Adult Onset Epileptic Seizures (AOES) following an elective lobectomy procedure to address their frequent seizure activity. Informants were five Australian men with history of adult-onset epilepsy for which they received neurosurgery (aged 34–59 years). Thematic analysis following semi-structured interviews yielded three themes: role marginalization, role dependency and role enmeshment. All the men reported significant role marginalization in not being consulted about everyday life activities. They also reported to experience decisional role shifting towards their spouses or partners and children post-surgery. Their family role enmeshment experiences included being perceived by spouses or partners as adult–children and by their children as a parent–child. However, some of the men were accepting of these role definitions and to add rather than take away from their health-related quality of life.

Group Violence and Migration Experience among Latin American Youths in Justice Enforcement Centers (Madrid, Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Martínez García ◽  
María Jesús Martín López
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Immigrant Experience ◽  
And Migration

AbstractGroup violence among Latin American immigrant youth has led to ongoing debates in political, legal, and media circles, yet none of those many perspectives has arrived at a solid, empirically supported definition for the phenomenon. This study aims to explore the relationship between the immigrant experience and violent group behavior in youths from Latin America serving prison sentences in Justice Enforcement Centers in the Community of Madrid. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 juveniles, and content analysis was applied to the resulting transcripts, employing Grounded Theory to create an axial codification of intra- and inter-categorical contents, and Delphi panels for quality control. The research team delved into 62 topics, addressing participants’ perceptions of the immigrant experience and its effects on five socialization settings (neighborhood, school, family, peer group, and significant other), and each one’s relationship to violent behavior. The results led us to believe the young people’s immigration experiences had been systematically examined. Their personal and social development was influenced by negative socioeconomic conditions, ineffective parental supervision, maladjustment and conflict at school, and experiences of marginalization and xenophobia. All those conditions favored affiliation with violent groups that provided them instrumental (economic and material), expressive, or affective support.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY ACTIONS: AN AGENCY TOPIC FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-624
Author(s):  
Elsa Castrillón-Correa ◽  
Andrew Philominraj ◽  
Ranjeeva Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The City

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study is to unveil the qualities that community actors in the city of Armenia-Quindío-Colombia have and enhance in the exercise of their community action. Methodology: The methodological approach of this research is qualitative-interpretative and cross-sectional. The investigation was carried out with eight community actors of an urban commune of the city of Armenia- Quindío-Colombia through semi-structured interviews, which focused on the meaning and significance of their community action. The interviews were conducted, and answers of the participants were analysed through a matrix in Excel. Main Findings: The study has identified that human agency is made up of Transparency and commitment, internal qualities in the subjects that allow them to act as community agents, by directing their actions towards a civic exercise and therefore as a contribution to human development. Applications of this study: The results of the study can be useful for the analysis of the performance of social actors in various contexts. The study will also be of help for the policymakers at local and national levels, to develop programs that strengthen the social skills of this group, as well as support in work where one wants to analyse the configuration of human agency. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research has examined the meaning of Community actions from the perspective of human agency. The originality of this research, when compared to the previous works on the same topic, lies in the identification of the qualities that form the agency in a population group, comprising of a widely diverse group of community actors. Besides, it also provides direction for future research in this area.

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