scholarly journals The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and workability of rock salt

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-393
Author(s):  
Piotr Małkowski ◽  
Łukasz Bednarek ◽  
Krzysztof Kotwica ◽  
Grzegorz Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Transverse Strain ◽  
Salt Rock ◽  
The Road ◽  
Salt Mining

Abstract Underground salt mining accounts for about 16 percent of the total salt production worldwide. When excavating salt rock, the cutters of the road header come into contact with the rock. This produces friction and, consequently, a rise in temperature. Generally, as temperature increases, salt gradually loses its plasticity. The extent of these alterations depends on the presence of other minerals in the rock. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on regularly shaped samples of salt. An analysis was performed of the results of compressive, tensile and induced-shear strength, and of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, cuttability index and side chipping angle. The testing was conducted on samples with a temperature of about 20°C and samples heated to 50°C and 80°C. The tests showed that as temperature increased, so did compressive and tensile strength, and longitudinal and transverse strain of salt. The temperature increase caused, however, a decrease in shear strength. The cuttability index and the side chipping angle also decreased when the heated samples were being cut. The percentage changes in the parameters within the 60-degree temperature range were as high as several dozen percent.

Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Structural Adhesives

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 814-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Joint Specimen ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Better Than

One of the greatest drawbacks to predicting the behaviour of bonded joints has been the lack of reliable data on the mechanical properties of adhesives. In this study, methods for determining mechanical properties of structural adhesive were discussed. The Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of the adhesive were tested by dogbone specimens (bulk form) and butt joint specimens (in situ form). The shear modulus and shear strength were test by V-notched specimens (bulk form) and thick adherend lap-shear (TALS) joint specimens (in situ form). The test results show that the elastic modulus provided by the manufacturer is too low, the dogbone specimen is better than the butt joint specimen to test the tensile strength and elastic modulus and the TALS joint specimen is better than the V-notched specimen to test the shear strength.

scholarly journals Creep Properties and Constitutive Model of Salt Rock

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Zhanping Song ◽  
Junbao Wang ◽  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Creep Process ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Salt Rock ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Rock Creep

Due to the advantages of low porosity, low permeability, high ductility, and excellent capacities for creep and damage self-healing, salt rock is internationally considered as the ideal medium for underground storage of energy and disposal of radioactive waste. As one of the most important mechanical properties of salt rock, creep properties are closely related to the long-term operation stability and safety of salt rock underground storage cavern. A comprehensive review on the creep properties and constitutive model of salt rock is put forward in this paper. The opinions and suggestions on the research priority and direction of salt rock's mechanical properties in the future are put forward: (1) permeability variation of salt rock under the coupling effect of temperature and stress; (2) damage mechanism and evolution process under the effect of creep-fatigue interaction and low frequency cyclic loading; (3) microdeformation mechanisms of salt rock and the relationship between microstructure variations and macrocreep behavior during creep process; (4) the establishment of the creep damage constitutive model with simple form, less parameters, easy application, and considering the damage self-healing ability of salt rock simultaneously.

A Study on the Effect of the Temperature on Mechanical Properties of H90 Copper Strip

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Sun Fei ◽  
Xu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Strip Test

In order to study the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of H90 copper strip material, the H90 copper strip test pieces were heated to different temperatures (20~600 °C) for tensile test; the yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of H90 copper strip at different temperatures were obtained. Based on the test results, the empirical models of yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus of H90 copper strip at high temperature were established; the test showed that, with the increase of temperature, the yield strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus of H90 copper strip decreased greatly, and the elongation after fracture first increased-decreased-increased at 20~600 °C. The study results in this paper provide basic material data for analyzing the effect of temperature on the continuous firing of firearms and other weapons.

scholarly journals Influence of Rolling Temperatures on Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multi-Pass Rolling TA1/Q235B Explosive Welded Sheets

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Huizhong Li ◽  
Liangming Cao ◽  
Xiaopeng Liang ◽  
Wending Zhang ◽  
Chunping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Rolling Temperature ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Interface Microstructure ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Temperatures

The effect of rolling temperatures on the interface microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated using 2-mm-thick TA1/Q235B composite sheets, which were prepared after nine passes of hot rolling of explosive welded plates. The results show that the vortex region and the transition layer exist in the interface at the explosive welded plate, while only the transition layer exists in the interface after hot rolling. The transition layer is composed of α-Ti, TiC, Fe, and FeTi, and the thickness increases with the increasing rolling temperature. The microhardness of the explosive welded plate is higher than that of the hot-rolling sheet, and the microhardness of interface are higher than that of matrix metals. The interface shear strength and tensile elongation of the hot-rolled sheet increase with the increasing hot rolling temperature, while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and Young modulus decrease with the increase of hot rolling temperature. The shear strength of sheets is related to the interfacial compounds, and the tensile strength is mainly affected by the grain morphology of the matrix.

The mechanical properties of perfect crystals I. The ideal strength

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1582) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cleavage Plane ◽  
Ideal Strength ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper we present computer calculations of the ideal strength of crystals of sodium chloride and argon, for a variety of modes of homogeneous deformation. As models of the interatomic binding we employ the simple, two-body, central-force Born-Mayer and Lennard-Jones potentials respectively. The calculations for argon are appropriate to absolute zero, those for sodium chloride to room temperature. The results indicate a very marked anisotropy of the ideal tensile strength for sodium chloride, with a pronounced minimum at <100>, which is consistent with the observed cleavage on this plane. The ideal tensile strength of argon is shown to be much less dependent on orientation, which accords with the lack of any obvious cleavage plane in this material. We also make some estimates of the ideal shear strength, and find this to be a minimum for {111} <112> shear for both argon and sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Initial investigation of the intrinsic geomechanical properties of soils in area of landslide Černá Pole

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolína Faktorová ◽  
Juraj Chalmovský ◽  
Pavel Koudela ◽  
Lumír Míča
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Oedometer Tests

One of the most important type of Brno’s subsoil is Miocene’s clay. Mechanical properties of these clays were already studied by various methods, authors, in several locations. These parameters, however, varies across the locations and therefore new data are needed to further refineme them. The objective of the laboratory tests presented in this paper was to determine shear strength and compressibility parameters on reconstituted samples, locality Černá Pole. Stiffness parameters for primary loading and unloading – reloading were obtained from series of oedometer tests. Consolidated undrained triaxial tests were performed for evaluation of soil critical shear strength. Obtained results were compared with another available data.

scholarly journals Study on the Static Performance of Prefabricated UHPC-Steel Epoxy Bonding Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yang Zou ◽  
Jinlong Jiang ◽  
Zhixiang Zhou ◽  
Xifeng Wang ◽  
Jincen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Bonding Interface ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Epoxy Bonding ◽  
Shear Coupling

Prefabricated UHPC-steel composite structure can make full use of the two materials’ mechanical and construction performance characteristics, with super mechanical properties and durability, which has been proved to be a very promising structure. However, using traditional mechanical connectors to connect prefabricated UHPC and steel not only is inconvenient for the prefabrication of UHPC components but also introduces heavy welding work, which is detrimental to the construction speed and antifatigue performance of the composite structure. Bonding UHPC-steel interface with epoxy adhesive is a potential alternative to avoid the above problem. In order to explore the mechanical properties of the prefabricated UHPC-steel epoxy bonding interface, this study carried out the direct shear test, tensile test, and tensile-shear test of the UHPC-steel epoxy-bonded interface (prefabricated UHPC-steel epoxy bonding interface). The results show that the interface failure is mainly manifested as the peeling of the epoxy-UHPC interface and the destruction of part of the UHPC matrix (the failure of the UHPC's surface). In pure shear and pure tension state, the interfacial shear strength is 5.14 MPa and the interfacial tensile strength is 1.18 MPa. In the tensile-shear state, the interfacial shear strength is 0.61 MPa and the interfacial tensile strength is 1.06 MPa. The stress-displacement curves of the interface normal and tangential direction are all in the shape of a two-fold line. The ultimate displacement was within 0.1 mm, showing the characteristics of brittle failure. Finally, a numerical model of the tensile specimen is established based on the cohesive interface element, and the interfacial tensile-shear coupling failure mechanism (tensile-shear coupling effect) is analyzed.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY EMPLOYING DIFFERENT MORTAR RATIOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
Concrete Blocks

This research work aims to investigate experimentally the mechanical properties of solid concrete blocks as an individual unit and assembly (block masonry) employing different mortar mix ratios. The material properties of the concrete block unit, such as compressive strength and unit weight were explored by taking three samples from the four local factories. The block masonry assemblages were subjected to various load patterns for the evaluation of compressive strength, diagonal tensile strength and shear strength. For the bond, four types of mortars i.e., cement – sand (1:4), cement – sand (1:8), cement – sand – khaka (1:2:2) and cement – sand – khaka (1:4:4) were used in the joints of concrete block masonry assemblages. (Khaka is a by-product formed in the stone crushing process). For each type of mortar, three samples of block masonry were fabricated for compressive strength, shear strength and diagonal tensile strength, and tested in the laboratory. It is observed that the replacement of sand by khaka enhanced the mechanical properties of masonry.

scholarly journals The Effect of Welding Speed on the Micromorphology and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sealed Vacuum Flat Glazing Joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hong Miao ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Shanwen Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Wetting Layer ◽  
Vacuum Glazing ◽  
Sealing Layer

To explore the effect of welding speed on the micromorphology and mechanical properties of the laser-welded vacuum plate glazing joints, this paper introduced the research status of the laser welding vacuum glazing and then carried out the preparation for experimental materials. This paper also analyzed the microstructure, the cause of the pores, and the mechanical properties of the sealing layer. The results show that the smaller the welding speed is, the more fully the solder melts. When the welding speed is 80 mm/min, the sealing layer generates the large thermal stress due to excessive laser input energy, which results in many connected cracks in the sealing layer. The porosity of the sealing layer increases with the increase of the welding speed. The thickness of the interface reaction wetting layer decreases with the increase of the welding speed. The hardness, tensile strength, and shear strength of the sealing layer will increase first and then decrease with the increase of welding speed. These studies can provide the theoretical basis for laser sealing manufacturing of vacuum plate glazing.

scholarly journals Behavior of Chinese Dahurian Larch Wood after High-Temperature Exposure: Degradation of Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qifang Xie ◽  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Zhenglei Yang ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Dahurian Larch ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Damage Constitutive Model

Wood has been extensively used in Chinese ancient buildings, and it is important to clearly understand the mechanical properties of wood after exposure to elevated temperatures. In this paper, three kinds of tests with 102 clear wood specimens fabricated with Chinese Dahurian larch for each kind of test were conducted. The residual compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength parallel to grain of specimens after exposure to different temperatures (100°C, 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C) with various exposure times (15 min, 30 min, and 45 min) and different cooling methods (natural cooling and water cooling) were obtained. Results indicate that exposure to elevated temperatures causes great degradation of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength parallel to grain. When the exposure temperatures exceed 200°C, the relative compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength parallel to grain decrease greatly with the increase of exposure time. The residual compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength of specimens after water cooling are lower than that after natural cooling. Exposure temperatures also have a great impact on the weight loss and color change of wood. Based on the test data, degradation models for the residual compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength of wood were developed. Furthermore, the damage constitutive model of compressive (CDMC) and tensile (CDMT) parallel to grain was established and validated reasonably by tests.

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