scholarly journals Hemidesmus indicus Protects against ethanol-induced liver toxicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadana Saravanan ◽  
Namasivayam Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
G Ratio

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common diseases in modern society. A large number of studies are in progress aiming to identify natural substances that would be effective in reducing the severity of ALD. Although there are currently a number of drugs on the market, their long-term use can have numerous side effects. Hemidesmus indicus is an indigenous Ayurvedic medicinal plant used in soft drinks in India. In this study, we examined the effects of its ethanolic root extract on experimental liver damage in order to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced in rats by ethanol at a dosage of 5 g/kg body weight for 60 days. The H. indicus root extract was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for the last 30 days of the experiment. The animals were monitored for food intake and weight gain. The liver was analysed for the degree of lipid peroxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant status using the activities of glutathione-depedendant enzymes. The degree of liver damage was analysed using serum marker enzyme activities, the total protein, albumin, globulin, ceruloplasmin and liver glycogen contents, and the A/G ratio. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of the liver tissues were recorded in the region of 4000–400 cm−1. The ethanol-fed rats showed significantly elevated liver marker enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels and reduced antioxidant levels as compared to the control rats. Oral administration of H. indicus for the latter 30 days resulted in an increased food intake and weight gain, decreased TBARS levels, near normal levels of glutathione-dependent enzymes, increased total protein, albumin, globulin and liver glycogen contents, an increased A/G ratio, and decreased liver marker enzyme activities and ceruloplasmin levels. The relative intensity of the liver FT-IR bands for the experimental groups were found to be altered significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control samples. For the group that had H. indicus co-administered with ethanol, the intensity of the bands was near normal. Moreover, the results of the FT-IR study correlated with our biochemical results.

A comparison of the effects of infection with Eimeria maxima and dietary restriction on weight gain, plasma metabolites and liver glycogen in the immature fowl, Gallus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman ◽  
D. L. Fernandes ◽  
T. F. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

The effects of subchronic lithium administration in male Wistar mice on some biochemical parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nciri ◽  
MS Allagui ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
JC Murat ◽  
F. Croute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Antioxidative Status

Lithium salts are efficiently used for treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, prolonged treatment frequently involves adverse side effects. In this study, effects of lithium carbonate administration on some biochemical parameters were studied in male mice. Lithium carbonate (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight corresponding to 3.77, 7.54, or 15.08 mg Li element/kg body weight, respectively) was injected daily for 14 or 28 days. The following parameters were recorded: drinking water consumption, body weight, lithium and testosterone serum concentrations, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX), and level of lipid peroxidation (expressed as TBARS) in liver was performed. Lithium treatment, especially at the highest dose for 28 days, was found to induce weight gain and polydipsia and a significant decrease of plasma testosterone level. Lipid peroxidation level and activities of SOD and GPX were increased in liver, which suggests a perturbation of the antioxidative status. Our results indicate that subchronic exposure to lithium, which induces weight gain and polydipsia under our experimental conditions, also damages the male reproductive system and triggers an oxidative stress in the liver.

B Vitamins Can Reduce Body Weight Gain by Increasing Metabolism-related Enzyme Activities in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Ai-guo Ma ◽  
Ming-ci Zheng ◽  
Qiu-zhen Wang ◽  
Hui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Related Enzyme

scholarly journals B vitamins reduce body weight gain and increase metabolism related enzyme activities in rats (828.11)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Aiguo ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Qiuzhen Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Hui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Related Enzyme

Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after retirement from exercise training

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Dolkas ◽  
K. J. Rodnick ◽  
C. E. Mondon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Steady State Serum

The objectives of this study were to determine how long increased insulin sensitivity, elicited by exercise training, persists after the end of training and what the effect of weight gain is on this retention. Exercise-trained (ET) rats ran voluntarily in freely rotating wheel cages, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin suppression tests (IST). After training, ET rats were retired for 1, 3, or 7 days (R1, R3, or R7). Initial OGTT and IST studies indicated that sensitivity to insulin-induced glucose uptake was increased in ET rats compared with sedentary control (C) rats and was progressively lost with retirement: ET greater than R1 and R3 greater than R7 and C rats, and this reaction was generally associated with a rapid gain in body weight. Subsequent IST tests were performed on C and R7 rats fed laboratory chow or a hypocaloric diet consisting of equal parts of cellulose and chow for 7 days before the test. The results of these tests showed that steady-state serum glucose (SSSG) levels averaged 165 +/- 12 mg/dl for chow-fed C rats and 172 +/- 11 mg/dl for chow-fed R7 rats that gained body weight at rates twice those of C rats. Chow-fed R7 rats, gaining weight at rates comparable to C rats, had SSSG levels of 104 +/- 6 mg/dl. C and R7 rats fed the hypocaloric diet had SSSG values of 102 +/- 6 and 59 +/- 4 mg/dl, respectively. Muscle glycogen levels were comparable in all groups, and liver glycogen was lower in C and R7 rats fed the hypocaloric diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of nanoencapsulated aloe vera, dill and nettle root extract as feed antibiotic substitutes in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Meimandipour ◽  
Ali Nouri Emamzadeh ◽  
Ali Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Finisher Diets

Abstract. Aloe vera, nettle and dill are herbs that have been used in the poultry diet as feed additives to utilise their benefits in improving performance, immune response and health of broiler chickens. However, reactive and volatile properties of bioactive compounds in herbal extracts cause limitations on direct usage of them in the diet. The use of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for the entrapment of active components has gained interest in the last few years due to its mucous adhesiveness, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was an effort to evaluate effects of nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle root used in diet on performance, carcass traits and serum immunoglobulin (IgM and IgY) concentrations in broiler chickens. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using ionotropic gelation principle. After nanogel preparation of herbal extracts, a total of 240 Ross (308) broiler chicks were divided into eight treatments, with three replicates of 10 birds. The eight dietary treatments consisted of control (no additives), antibiotic (bacitracin 500 g t−1), non-encapsulated and nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle root. In each experimental period, non-encapsulated (free extracts) and nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle roots were added in amounts of 0.02, 0.025 and 0.05 % to starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively. Birds in different treatments received the same diets during the experimental periods. Results revealed that increasing both non-encapsulated and nanoencapsulated herbal extracts to 0.05 % in finisher diets improved body weight gain in the time period of 28–42 days and consequently the whole time from 1 to 42 days. However, in these periods, birds fed a diet containing nanoencapsulated dill extract had a significantly (P  <  0.05) higher body weight gain compared with the antibiotic group, while non-encapsulated dill extract treatment was intermediate. The addition of nanoencapsulated nettle extract in diet significantly (P  <  0.05) improved feed conversion efficiency in the 28–42-day period compared with the antibiotic group. In comparison with the antibiotic group, nanoencapsulation of dill extract could profoundly improve growth performance and can therefore be used as a substitute for antibiotics in the diet of broiler chickens.

Biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola seed ameliorates hormonal imbalance and testicular oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderemi Kehinde ◽  
Adedoyin Adefisan ◽  
Olayinka Adebayo ◽  
Oluwatosin Adaramoye
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Sperm Characteristics

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The effects of anti-TB drugs on male reproductive system have not been properly evaluated. We investigated the effects of anti-TB drugs on testicular antioxidant indices, sperm characteristics and hormonal levels in rats, and the protective role of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid fromTwenty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups and orally treated with corn oil (control), anti-TB drugs [4-Tabs=isoniazid (5 mg/kg), rifampicin (10 mg/kg), pyrazinamide (15 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg) in combination], anti-TB drugs +KV and KV alone (200 mg/kg). Anti-TB drugs and KV were given three times per week for 8 weeks. In vitro, reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of KV were examined.KV at 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/mL showed strong reducing potential and effectively scavenged DPPH and OH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, KV significantly inhibited LPO in rats’ liver homogenate. In vivo, administration of 4-Tabs caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain and weight of testis of rats. Body weight gain and weight of testis decreased by 45% and 36%, respectively, in the 4-Tabs-treated rats. Also, 4-Tabs increased testicular lipid peroxidation by 82%, with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant indices. Testicular reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased by 2.2-, 1.9- and 1.6-folds, respectively. Likewise, 4-Tabs markedly decreased sperm count, motility, luteinizing hormone and testosterone. Co-administration of KV with 4-Tabs normalized body weight, enhanced antioxidant system and improved sperm characteristics.Kolaviron protects male reproductive system from oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs via the antioxidative mechanism.

scholarly journals Response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to increased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
J. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Percentage Conversion ◽  
Different Levels

1. The physiological response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared on different levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets having the same levels of energy and nitrogen for 16–24 weeks was determined.2. Weight gain was significantly reduced in trout reared on the highest level of available carbohydrate, 210 g cerelose (α-glucose)/kg, and there was a significant linear regression (R2 0.88) of dietary carbohydrate on weight gain.3. Liver: body-weight values and liver glycogen levels increased in relation to increased dietary carbohydrate.4. Liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) activity increased and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) activity decreased per kg body-weight of fish with increasing dietary carbohydrate. However, no significant effect was noted on the activity of these liver enzymes above a dietary cerelose level of 140 g/kg.5. Liver fructose diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) activity increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate has been interpreted as meaning a recycling of triosephosphate to glucose-6-phosphate.6. Dietary carbohydrate level had no significant effect on the liver pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) activity, the rate of glucose utilization or the percentage conversion of [14C]alanine to glucose in the plasma of trout.7. The results indicate that rainbow trout have a limited ability to adapt to increased dietary carbohydrate and a level in excess of 140 g/kg of the diet is not efficiently utilized.

In vivo antioxidant potentials of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum) leaves: Studies on hepatic marker enzyme, antioxidant system, drug detoxifying enzyme and lipid peroxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taofeek Olakunle Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

In this study, the in vivo antioxidant potentials of Piliostigma thonningii were investigated in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic and oxidative damage in rat. Albino rats were grouped into six, group A rats received sterile distilled water for 14 days while B rats received 0.5 mL/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally on day 14. Group C rats received 200 mg/kg body weight of Piliostigma thonningii leaves extract for 14 days. Groups D, E and F rats were pretreated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Piliostigma thonningii leaves for 14 days and challenged with 0.5 mL/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride on day 14. The extract treatment significantly attenuated both the decrease and the increase in liver and serum marker enzyme. Antioxidant enzyme activity as well as level of uridyl diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase, quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase was significantly induced. There was attenuation of malonidialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide increase. On the basis of the available data in this report, it can be postulated that Piliostigma thonningii leaves protect liver against hepatic and oxidative damage by carbon tetrachloride possibly by acting as an in vivo free radical scavenger, induction of antioxidant enzymes, drug detoxifying enzymes and prevention of excessive stimulation of antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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