scholarly journals Influence of meteorological conditions on the yield of winter oilseed rape in Lower Silesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Halina Dzieżyc ◽  
Kazimierz Chmura ◽  
Maciej Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Silesia

Abstract Influence of meteorological conditions on the yield of winter oilseed rape in Lower Silesia. This work uses the results of Post-registration Cultivar and Agricultural Experimentation conducted in 1999-2011 in Lower Silesia, on soils of very good and good wheat complex. The rape vegetation season was divided into five periods that approximately corresponded to the phenological phases of the plant, namely: September-November (from sowing to stemming the growing season in the autumn), December-March (stunted vegetation - renewal of vegetation), April (renewal of vegetation - the beginning of flowering), May (flowering), June (end of flowering - technical maturity). In the constructed regression model the following factors were included: the average air temperature and total precipitation in the periods, the content of phosphorus, potassium and pH of soil and fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Comparing the impact of meteorological conditions in different growing periods of winter rape, it was found that the weakest impact on the yield had temperature and precipitation from September to November. During this period, the optimum for yield are the following conditions: average temperature 10.4°C and precipitation total 145 mm. The winter period (December- March) has the strongest impact on the yield of rape. The yield is conspicuously higher with lower average air temperatures. Optimal for yield is precipitation of 171 mm (highest tested) and a relatively low average air temperature (-0.9°C). In April, the decisive factor is rainfall. Its lower values (12 mm) favour higher yield. The optimum weather in this period is 12 mm precipitation and average temperature of 9.1°C. Rape yield increases with increasing average air temperature in May and is highest when its value is 15°C and rainfall in this month is above average (73 mm). The weather in June has less impact on rape crop than in the three previous periods. The optimal layout is: 27 mm precipitation and temperature 16°C, these values being the smallest tested

scholarly journals Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3217-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Shin ◽  
S. Cocke ◽  
T. E. LaRow ◽  
James J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Convective Scheme

Abstract The current Florida State University (FSU) climate model is upgraded by coupling the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) as its land component in order to make a better simulation of surface air temperature and precipitation on the seasonal time scale, which is important for crop model application. Climatological and seasonal simulations with the FSU climate model coupled to the CLM2 (hereafter FSUCLM) are compared to those of the control (the FSU model with the original simple land surface treatment). The current version of the FSU model is known to have a cold bias in the temperature field and a wet bias in precipitation. The implementation of FSUCLM has reduced or eliminated this bias due to reduced latent heat flux and increased sensible heat flux. The role of the land model in seasonal simulations is shown to be more important during summertime than wintertime. An additional experiment that assimilates atmospheric forcings produces improved land-model initial conditions, which in turn reduces the biases further. The impact of various deep convective parameterizations is examined as well to further assess model performance. The land scheme plays a more important role than the convective scheme in simulations of surface air temperature. However, each convective scheme shows its own advantage over different geophysical locations in precipitation simulations.

Inter-personal factors affecting building occupants’ thermal tolerance at cold outdoor condition during an autumn–winter period

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Ghaffari Jabbari ◽  
Aida Maleki ◽  
Mohammad Ali Kaynezhad ◽  
Bjarne W. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to investigate thermal adaptation and the impact of individual differences on developing thermal tolerance when the outdoor temperature falls below 10°C. The applicability of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model was investigated, too. The concept of occupant’s ‘Temperament’ was evaluated as a psychological-adaptation factor. Two main hypotheses were: (a) people with different temperaments would experience different thermal sensations and (b) the classic PMV- predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) model is capable of predicting the neutral sensation in heated buildings under cold outdoor temperatures. There was a direct relationship between individual temperament and clothing level as well as thermal sensation. The occupants who were assessed to have cold temperament tend to wear thicker clothes and were more sensitive to variations in indoor air temperature than others. Females with a cold temperament were more than twice as likely to be affected by indoor air temperature as those with a warm temperament. The PMV-PPD model was able to predict the mean neutral temperature in the heated buildings even when the outdoor temperature fell below 10°C. However, when occupants were able to control high indoor temperature, the percentage of true prediction of actual mean votes by the adaptive thermal heat balance model was more than that by the classic PMV model.

scholarly journals Climatic Trends in Different Bioclimatic Zones in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Dol Raj Luitel ◽  
Pramod K. Jha ◽  
Mohan Siwakoti ◽  
Madan Lall Shrestha ◽  
Rangaswamy Munniappan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Bioclimatic Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Trends

The Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) is the central part of the Himalayas and covers all bioclimatic zones with major endemism of flora, unique agro-biodiversity, environmental, cultural and socio-economic importance. Not much is known about temperature and precipitation trends along the different bioclimatic zones nor how changes in these parameters might impact the whole natural process, including biodiversity and ecosystems, in the CHAL. Analysis of daily temperature and precipitation time series data (1970–2019) was carried out in seven bioclimatic zones extending from lowland Terai to the higher Himalayas. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to determine the trends, which were quantified by Sen’s slope. Annual and decade interval average temperature, precipitation trends, and lapse rate were analyzed in each bioclimatic zone. In the seven bioclimatic zones, precipitation showed a mixed pattern of decreasing and increasing trends (four bioclimatic zones showed a decreasing and three bioclimatic zones an increasing trend). Precipitation did not show any particular trend at decade intervals but the pattern of rainfall decreases after 2000AD. The average annual temperature at different bioclimatic zones clearly indicates that temperature at higher elevations is increasing significantly more than at lower elevations. In lower tropical bioclimatic zone (LTBZ), upper tropical bioclimatic zone (UTBZ), lower subtropical bioclimatic zone (LSBZ), upper subtropical bioclimatic zone (USBZ), and temperate bioclimatic zone (TBZ), the average temperature increased by 0.022, 0.030, 0.036, 0.042 and 0.051 °C/year, respectively. The decade level temperature scenario revealed that the hottest decade was from 1999–2009 and average decade level increases of temperature at different bioclimatic zones ranges from 0.2 to 0.27 °C /decade. The average temperature and precipitation was found clearly different from one bioclimatic zone to other. This is the first time that bioclimatic zone level precipitation and temperature trends have been analyzed for the CHAL. The rate of additional temperature rise at higher altitudes compared to lower elevations meets the requirements to mitigate climate change in different bioclimatic zones in a different ways. This information would be fundamental to safeguarding vulnerable communities, ecosystem and relevant climate-sensitive sectors from the impact of climate change through formulation of sector-wise climate change adaptation strategies and improving the livelihood of rural communities.

scholarly journals Risk Potential of Clubroot Disease on Winter Oilseed Rape

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becke Strehlow ◽  
Friederike de Mol ◽  
Christine Struck
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Potential

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an important disease of cruciferous plants. Although the pathogen is widespread and has been reported to cause high yield losses, the impact on winter oilseed rape (OSR) has not been experimentally verified. To quantify the risk potential of P. brassicae, we conducted two closely linked experiments. A semicontrolled experiment used artificial soil infestation at inoculum densities between 106 and 108 spores liter−1 of soil to detect the impact on seed yield and yield components of a susceptible and resistant OSR cultivar. A greenhouse experiment was implemented using the soil of the semicontrolled experiment after cropping the two cultivars to quantify the influence of cultivar resistance on soil inoculum. According to cumulative link mixed models, disease rating was positively correlated with the amount of inoculum. Linear regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between seed yield and inoculum density. Yield losses of 60% already appeared at the lowest inoculum density. Plant losses and reduced seed per pod were accountable for yield losses. Although the resistant cultivar showed clubroot symptoms, seed yield was not affected by the pathogen. The greenhouse experiment revealed that clubroot severity in subsequent OSR was reduced after cropping the resistant cultivar. This study showed significant yield damage of P. brassicae already at low infestation levels.

scholarly journals The Influence of Climate Change on the Environment of the Mirzachul Natural Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Meliboy Normatovich Kamolov ◽  
◽  
Sunnatillo Ibragimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Territory

This article discusses the impact of climate and its components on environmental landscapes in the Mirzachul natural region. Due to this, in December and January the air temperature decreased to -340S (Mirzachul), -320S (Nurata, Jizzakh), -290 C (Forish). However, the average temperature in January is not lower than -0.10S (Forish), -0.60S (Jizzakh), -1.60S (Nurota).

scholarly journals CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DE BOTUCATU E SÃO MANUEL, SP

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Dinival Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Climatic Classification ◽  
Humidity Index

CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DE BOTUCATU E SÃO MANUEL, SP  Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha; Dinival Martins1 Departamento Recursos Naturais - Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO A classificação climática procura definir os limites geográficos dos diferentes tipos de clima que ocorrem em todo mundo, sendo considerado um estudo básico para áreas afins. Este trabalho teve como objetivo classificar climaticamente os municípios Botucatu (Fazenda Experimental do Lageado) e de São Manuel (Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel) ambas da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP. Para tanto, utilizou-se das metodologias de Köppen e de Thornthwaite em dados normais de temperatura do ar e precipitação pluviométrica no período de 36 anos (1971 a2006). Os municípios de Botucatu e de São Manuel tiveram a mesma classificação climática pelo método de Köppen, como sendo Cfa, clima temperado quente (mesotérmico) úmido, e a temperatura média do mês mais quente é superior a 22 ºC. Pela classificação de Thornthwaite houve uma pequena diferença em função do índice de umidade, caracterizando como B2rB’3a’ (clima úmido com pequena deficiência hídrica - abril, julho e agosto, mesotérmico, com evapotranspiração potencial anual de 945,15 mm e concentração da evapotranspiração potencial no verão igual a 33%) o município de Botucatu, e como B1rB’3a’ (clima úmido com pequena deficiência hídrica - abril, julho e agosto, mesotérmico, com evapotranspiração potencial anual de994,21 mm e concentração da evapotranspiração potencial no verão igual a 33%) o município de São Manuel. UNITERMOS: temperatura do ar, precipitação, evapotranspiração, método de Köppen, método de Thornthwaite.  CUNHA, A. R.; MARTINS, D. CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION FOR THE DISTRICTS OF BOTUCATU AND SÃO MANUEL, SP  2 ABSTRACT Climatic classification defines the geographical limits of different climate types all over the world, and it is considered essential to study similar areas. This work updates the climatic classification of the municipal districts of Botucatu and of São Manuel, State of Sao Paulo, where the experimental farms of the Schools of Agronomical Sciences - UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, are located. Köppen’s and Thornthwaite’s methods were used for the air temperature and precipitation data in a 36-year period (from 1971 to 2006). For both municipal districts of Botucatu and São Manuel, the climate was characterized as being Cfa, hot climate with rains in the summer and drought in the winter, and the average temperature in the hottest month is above 22 ºC. According to Thornthwaite’s classification, there was a small difference due to the humidity index, characterized as B2rB'3a' (humid climate with small hydro deficiency - April, July and August, with annual potential evapotranspiration of 945.15 mm and concentration of the potential evapotranspiration in the summer of 33%) in the district of Botucatu, and as B1rB'3a' (humid climate with small hidric deficiency - April, July and August, with annual potential evapotranspiration of994.21 mm and concentration of the potential evapotranspiration in the summer of 33%)in  the district of São Manuel.  KEY WORDS: air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, Köppen method, Thornthwaite method.

scholarly journals Could Weather Fluctuations Affect Local Economic Growth? Evidence from Counties in the People's Republic of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Chengzheng Li ◽  
Jiajia Cong ◽  
Haiying Gu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses historical fluctuations of weather variables within counties in the People's Republic of China to identify their effects on economic growth from 1996 to 2012. We find three primary results. First, higher temperatures significantly reduce the growth rate of county-level gross domestic product per capita: an increase in the annual average temperature of 1°C lowers the growth rate by 1.05%–1.25%. The effect of higher temperatures is nonlinear. Second, fluctuations in temperature and precipitation not only have a level effect, they also have a substantial cumulative effect. Third, weather fluctuations have wide-ranging effects. Beyond their substantial effects on the growth rate of agricultural output, they also affect nonagriculture sectors, labor productivity, and investment. Our findings provide new evidence for the impact of weather changes on economic development and have major implications for adaptation policies.

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Man-Made Pollution by Carcinogenicly Dangerous Chemicals in the Voronezh Air Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
V.S. Petrosyan ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
V.V. Kulnev ◽  
D.Yu. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Specifics of soil temperature under winter oilseed rape canopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Jana Krčmářová ◽  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Radovan Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Determination Coefficient ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dwarf Variety

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of soil temperature under the winter oilseed rape canopy and to determine relationships between soil temperature, air temperature and partly soil moisture. In addition, the aim was to describe the dependence by means of regression equations usable for pests and pathogens prediction, crop development, and yields models. The measurement of soil and near the ground air temperatures was performed at the experimental field Žabiče (South Moravia, the Czech Republic). The course of temperature was determined under or in the winter oilseed rape canopy during spring growth season in the course of four years (2010 - 2012 and 2014). In all years, the standard varieties (Petrol, Sherpa) were grown, in 2014 the semi-dwarf variety PX104 was added. Automatic soil sensors were positioned at three depths (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m) under soil surface, air temperature sensors in 0.05 m above soil surfaces. The course of soil temperature differs significantly between standard (Sherpa and Petrol) and semi-dwarf (PX104) varieties. Results of the cross correlation analysis showed, that the best interrelationships between air and soil temperature were achieved in 2 hours delay for the soil temperature in 0.05 m, 4 hour delay for 0.10 m and 7 hour delay for 0.20 m for standard varieties. For semi-dwarf variety, this delay reached 6 hour for the soil temperature in 0.05 m, 7 hour delay for 0.10 m and 11 hour for 0.20 m. After the time correction, the determination coefficient (R2) reached values from 0.67 to 0.95 for 0.05 m, 0.50 to 0.84 for 0.10 m in variety Sherpa during all experimental years. For variety PX104 this coefficient reached values from 0.51 to 0.72 in 0.05 m depth and from 0.39 to 0.67 in 0.10 m depth in the year 2014. The determination coefficient in the 0.20 m depth was lower for both varieties; its values were from 0.15 to 0.65 in variety Sherpa. In variety PX104 the values of R2 from 0.23 to 0.57 were determined. When using multiple regressions with quadratic spacing (modelling of hourly soil temperature based on the hourly near surface air temperature and hourly soil moisture in the 0.10-0.40 m profile), the difference between the measured and modelled soil temperatures in the depth of 0.05 m was -3.92 to 3.99°C. The regression equation paired with alternative agrometeorological instruments enables relatively accurate modelling of soil temperatures (R2 = 0.95).

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