scholarly journals Фобия исламофобии как основа «критических мусульманских исследований». Как идеология превратилась в методологию изучения исламских сообществ на Западе

Islamology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sofya Ragozina
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Conceptual Language

This article aims to deconstruct the research field of “critical Muslim studies” that is emerging within Western academic discourse. It seeks to expose the postcolonial injustices that Muslims are subjected to in the allocation of symbolic resources. Islamophobia is almost the dominant subject of research here, and the line between political activism related to the struggle for minority rights and academic knowledge becomes completely permeable. This article describes the epistemological foundations of critical Muslim studies and its conceptual language, developed by its proponents within the framework of postcolonial theory, related to the notions of racialization, Orientalization (and self-Orientalization), Eurocentrism and Westernization. The institutionalization of this trend is examined through selected European and American examples. Examination of the volume Islamophobia in Muslim Majority Countries demonstrates how left-liberal ideology, included in the production of academic knowledge, turns into a fully-fledged methodology that is desirable to a wide range of researchers.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

scholarly journals INDIGENOUS MEDIA FROM U-MATIC TO YOUTUBE: MEDIA SOVEREIGNTY IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Ginsburg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Television Network ◽  
Indigenous Media ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Central Australia

Abstract This article covers a wide range of projects from the earliest epistemological challenges posed by video experiments in remote Central Australia in the 1980s to the emergence of indigenous filmmaking as an intervention into both the Australian national imaginary and the idea of world cinema. It also addresses the political activism that led to the creation of four national indigenous television stations in the early 21st century: Aboriginal People's Television Network in Canada; National Indigenous Television in Australia; Maori TV in New Zealand; and Taiwan Indigenous Television in Taiwan); and considers what the digital age might mean for indigenous people worldwide employing great technological as well as political creativity.

scholarly journals The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6441-6489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duggen ◽  
N. Olgun ◽  
P. Croot ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
H. Dietze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Iron Cycle ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Iron is a key micronutrient for phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. Yet the significance of volcanism for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle is poorly constrained. Recent studies, however, suggest that offshore deposition of airborne ash from volcanic eruptions is a way to inject significant amounts of bio-available iron into the surface ocean. Volcanic ash may be transported up to several tens of kilometres high into the atmosphere during large-scale eruptions and fine ash may encircle the globe for years, thereby reaching even the remotest and most iron-starved oceanic areas. Scientific ocean drilling demonstrates that volcanic ash layers and dispersed ash particles are frequently found in marine sediments and that therefore volcanic ash deposition and iron-injection into the oceans took place throughout much of the Earth's history. The data from geochemical and biological experiments, natural evidence and satellite techniques now available suggest that volcanic ash is a so far underestimated source for iron in the surface ocean, possibly of similar importance as aeolian dust. Here we summarise the development of and the knowledge in this fairly young research field. The paper covers a wide range of chemical and biological issues and we make recommendations for future directions in these areas. The review paper may thus be helpful to improve our understanding of the role of volcanic ash for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle, marine primary productivity and the ocean-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and other gases relevant for climate throughout the Earth's history.

Islam and Economic Development: The Case of Non-Muslim Minorities in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This chapter investigates a long-standing puzzle in the economic history of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: why do MENA’s native non-Muslim minorities have better socioeconomic (SES) outcomes than the Muslim majority, both historically and today? Focusing on the case of Coptic Christians in Egypt, the largest non-Muslim minority in absolute number in the region, and employing a wide range of novel archival data sources, the chapter argues that Copts’ superior SES can be explained neither by Islam’s negative impact on Muslims’ SES (where Islam is defined as a set of beliefs or institutions) nor by colonization’s preferential treatment of Copts. Instead, the chapter traces the phenomenon to self-selection on SES during Egypt’s historical conversion from Coptic Christianity to Islam in the aftermath of the Arab Conquest of the then-Coptic Egypt in 641 CE. The argument is that the regressivity-in-income of the poll tax on non-Muslims (initially all Egyptians) that was imposed continuously from 641 to 1856 led to the shrinkage of (non-convert) Copts into a better-off minority. The Coptic-Muslim SES gap then persisted due to group restrictions on access to white-collar and artisanal skills. The chapter opens new areas of research on non-Muslim minorities in the MENA region and beyond.

scholarly journals Applications of Plasma-Liquid Systems: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rezaei ◽  
Patrick Vanraes ◽  
Anton Nikiforov ◽  
Rino Morent ◽  
Nathalie De Geyter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Processing Water ◽  
Nanomaterial Processing

Plasma-liquid systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years, owing to their high potential in material processing and nanoscience, environmental remediation, sterilization, biomedicine, and food applications. Due to the multidisciplinary character of this scientific field and due to its broad range of established and promising applications, an updated overview is required, addressing the various applications of plasma-liquid systems till now. In the present review, after a brief historical introduction on this important research field, the authors aimed to bring together a wide range of applications of plasma-liquid systems, including nanomaterial processing, water analytical chemistry, water purification, plasma sterilization, plasma medicine, food preservation and agricultural processing, power transformers for high voltage switching, and polymer solution treatment. Although the general understanding of plasma-liquid interactions and their applications has grown significantly in recent decades, it is aimed here to give an updated overview on the possible applications of plasma-liquid systems. This review can be used as a guide for researchers from different fields to gain insight in the history and state-of-the-art of plasma-liquid interactions and to obtain an overview on the acquired knowledge in this field up to now.

scholarly journals ‘Spreading depression of Leão’ and its emerging relevance to acute brain injury in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1553-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lauritzen ◽  
Anthony J Strong
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Acute Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Grey Matter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Matter Detection

A new research field in translational neuroscience has opened as a result of the recognition since 2002 that “spreading depression of Leão” can be detected in many patients with acute brain injury, whether vascular and spontaneous, or traumatic in origin, as well as in those many individuals experiencing the visual (or sensorimotor) aura of migraine. In this review, we trace from their first description in rabbits through to their detection and study in migraine and the injured human brain, and from our personal perspectives, the evolution of understanding of the importance of spread of mass depolarisations in cerebral grey matter. Detection of spontaneous depolarisations occurring and spreading in the periphery or penumbra of experimental focal cortical ischemic lesions and of their adverse effects on the cerebral cortical microcirculation and on the tissue glucose and oxygen pools has led to clearer concepts of how ischaemic and traumatic lesions evolve in the injured human brain, and of how to seek to improve clinical management and outcome. Recognition of the likely fundamental significance of spreading depolarisations for this wide range of serious acute encephalopathies in humans provides a powerful case for a fresh examination of neuroprotection strategies.

Racialized Sexuality: From Colonial Product to Creative Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Racialized Sexuality ◽  
Law And Science

Racialized sexuality is a term that describes the linking of racial attributes to sexual comportment. Racialized sexualities have been produced through colonial conquest in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. European discourses framed colonized subjects as racial and thus sexual others—as different kinds of human beings with deviant erotic practices. The colonial and racist underpinnings of religion, law, and science have produced pervasive tropes of, for example, the sexual excess of Native and African peoples and the sexual submissiveness of Asian peoples. These stereotypes have had an enduring impact on the representations of racialized people’s sexual subjectivities in art and media, in addition to academic knowledge production. Representations of the insatiable lust and spitfire of Black and Latina women, the sexual submissiveness of Asian women, the lack of Asian men and the predatory sexualities of Black men, stem from centuries of discursive circulation in fields ranging from biology to anthropology, which in turned shaped how such tropes have been taken up and reproduced in cultural production. With the understanding that racialized sexuality is a colonial product, scholars invested in anti-racism and queer politics have problematized the scientific racisms that have upheld dominant discourses of racialized sexualities by exposing their deficient methodologies, ethical violations, and often eugenicist agendas. Racialized sexualities have been lived by colonized subjects through a wide range of violences via chattel slavery, and in the early 21st century, through eroticized violence such as that inflicted on the Arab detainees of Abu Gharib prison by the United States military following 9/11. While acknowledging how racialized sexuality is intimately wedded to experiences of violation and injury, contemporary artists and scholars of sexuality have also worked to show how the very tropes that dehumanize people of color are also marked by ambivalence. These representations often present the possibilities of both pleasure and pain for racialized subjects and thus are in turns claimed, disavowed, and altered through art and scholarship in order to highlight the complexities of how racialized sexualities are experienced. Queer and trans artists of color are at the forefront of demonstrating the potential of transforming racialized sexualities from a colonial product to a creative practice.

Gas Sensing Properties of TiO2 and SnO2 Nanopowders Obtained through Gel Combustion

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1828-1833
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Deorsola ◽  
P. Mossino ◽  
Ignazio Amato ◽  
Bruno DeBenedetti ◽  
A. Bonavita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gel Combustion

Nanostructured semiconductor metal oxides have played a central role in the gas sensing research field, because of their high sensitivity, selectivity and low response time. Among all the processes, developed for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxides, gel combustion seems to be the most promising route due to low-cost precursors and simplicity of the process. It combines chemical gelation and combustion, involving the formation of a gel from an acqueous solution and an exothermic redox reaction, yielding to very porous and softly agglomerated nanopowders. In this work, nanostructured tin oxide, SnO2, and titanium oxide, TiO2, have been synthesized through gel combustion. Powders showed nanometric particle size and high specific surface area. The so-obtained TiO2 and SnO2 nanopowders have been used as sensitive element of resistive λ sensor and ethanol sensor respectively, realized depositing films of nanopowders dispersed in water onto alumina substrates provided with Pt contacts and heater. TiO2-based sensors showed at high temperature good response, fast response time, linearity in a wide range of O2 concentration and long-term stability. SnO2-based sensors have shown high sensitivity to low concentrations of ethanol at moderate temperature.

FUTURE OF A CHILD WITH AUTISM: NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEIR PARENTS’ ATTITUDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Saveikiene ◽  
Ingrida Baranauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
Near Future

Results: The study involved four fathers that each are raising a child with a diagnosis of autism.Comparing the narratives of the participants in the study, the interrelated components emerged, which constitute a narrative of the parental attitude towards the child’s future.Conclusions: The spreading of autism on a global scale, affecting more and more people without any restrictions on gender, race, social layer or other human identifications, creates new theories and promotes the scientific research of the spreading of autism. Autism is an interdisciplinary challenge that requires a wide range of research.Reconstructing the narrative of parents who raise children with autism does not contradict the factors found in scientific literature, they are expanded by individual experiences. Parents’ stories revealed the interrelated components that make up the narrative of the parental attitudes towards the child’s future: near future, additional education, education, and the farther future.The narrative of the near future revealed that parental narratives are dominated by the three components of the narrative: the child’s social relationships (parents’ expectations focus on the desire for the child to interact with peers and acquire social skills), the acquisition of minimal academic knowledge (parents are deeply experiencing their child’s failures in elementary reading, writing skills, calculation skills), childhood diagnosis (most feared complications, diagnosis of weight loss).The narrative of supplementary education highlighted the limitations of access to non-formal education for children with autism. Parental stories reveal that for a child with autism disorder, the involvement of parents in the educational process and the opportunity to develop not only in school, but also in non-formal education institutions is important. The lack of specific education curricula for the development of children with autism is also highlighted in the reality of education, and professionals working in the form of non-formal, alternative education programs that are paid have a significant impact on family budgets.The narrative of education revealed that parents understand the meaning of education and want children to pursue a vocational education. The current situation is not satisfactory for parents, they expect inclination for the society to change.Further narrative of the future reflects the parents’ expectations regarding the independent lives of children, their ability to care for themselves and the ability to create their own families. It turned out that parents’ narratives about each component are accompanied by anxiety and feelings of fear, but in all stories there is also an aspect of hope. With paramount expectations parents are striving for recognition in society, the development of the educational system, the progress of medicine and diagnostics.The research revealed the social and emotional significance of the family, while actualizing the fact that the child’s disability affects the social participation of the whole family and determines the importance of complex care for the whole family. 

scholarly journals Behavior signal processing for vehicle applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyomi Miyajima ◽  
Pongtep Angkititrakul ◽  
Kazuya Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Research ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Driver Identification

Within the past decade, analyzing and modeling human behavior by processing large amounts of collected data has become an active research field in the area of human–machine interaction. The research community is striving to find principled ways to explain and represent important behavioral characteristics of humans, with the goal of developing more efficient and more effective cooperative interactions between humans, machines, and environment. This paper provides a summary of the progress we have achieved to date in our study, which has focused specifically on interactions between driver, vehicle, and driving environment. First, we describe the method of data collection used to develop our on-the-road driving data corpus. We then provide an overview of the data-driven, signal processing approaches we used to analyze and model driver behavior for a wide range of practical vehicle applications. Next, we perform experimental validation by observing the actual driving behavior of groups of real drivers. In particular, the vehicle applications of our research include driver identification, behavior prediction related to car following and lane changing, detection of emotional frustration, and improving driving safety through driver coaching. We hope this paper will provide some insight to researchers with an interest in this field, and help identify areas and applications where further research is needed.

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