2. Effect of climate change on the predation rate of zooplankton in Swan Lake, Sudbury, ON

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Daly
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Swan Lake ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Biodiversity Changes ◽  
Shield Lakes

Climate change interacts with other environmental stressors (e.g., acid deposition, calcium depletion, invasive species) to alter both the chemical and biological characteristics of Boreal Shield lakes, potentially leading to changes in aquatic biodiversity. Changes in biodiversity can result in loss of sensitive species and affect dynamic interactions among species at varying trophic levels. Currently, little is known about the effect of climate warming on predator-prey relationships in aquatic ecosystems. I examine how predicted warming of Boreal Shield lakes may affect predation rate. More specifically, my research examines how temperature affects the predation rate on zooplankton by common macroinvertebrate predators. Zooplankton, Chaoborus and Notonectidae were used from Swan Lake in Sudbury, ON. I performed 24-hr laboratory feeding trials to examine the rate at which predators feed over a range of natural and predicted lake temperatures. By investigating differences in invertebrate predation occurring in Swan Lake, we will be able to predict predator -prey relationships in Boreal Shield lakes subject to warming as a result of climate change.

Predator–prey interactions and climate change

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Bretagnolle ◽  
Julien Terraube
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Available Information

Climate change is likely to impact all trophic levels, although the response of communities and ecosystems to it has only recently received considerable attention. Further, it is expected to affect the magnitude of species interactions themselves. In this chapter, we summarize why and how climate change could affect predator–prey interactions, then review the literature about its impact on predator–prey relationships in birds, and provide prospects for future studies. Expected effects on prey or predators may include changes in the following: distribution, phenology, population density, behaviour, morphology, or physiology. We review the currently available information concerning particular key topics: top-down versus bottom-up control, specialist versus generalist predators, functional versus numerical responses, trophic cascades and regime shifts, and lastly adaptation and selection. Finally, we focus our review on two well-studied bird examples: seabirds and raptors. Key future topics include long-term studies, modelling and experimental studies, evolutionary questions, and conservation issues.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Interacting Species

Predator–prey interactions represent an essential component of natural systems. By consuming other organisms, predators transfer energy from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels, simultaneously altering the abundance of prey and fueling growth of the predator population. The functional response describes the rate of foraging as a function of prey abundance, connecting predator–prey pairs in food webs. The functional response integrates nearly all aspects of biology, including genetics, morphology, behavior, parasites and disease, risk, and the abiotic environment. As a result, the functional response is a core construct that is essential for understanding and predicting the structure and dynamics of ecological systems. Because the functional response responds to temperature and other changes in the environment, the functional response is also essential for predicting the effects of climate change, managing and conserving species, and the evolution of interacting species.

Implications of climate warming for Boreal Shield lakes: a review and synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (NA) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Shield Lakes

Climate change is a reality. A warming climate will have large effects on lakes of the Boreal Shield. Our ability to forecast these effects, however, is hampered by a very incomplete understanding of the actual interactions between weather and many aspects of lake ecosystems. Climate change will affect lakes in very complex ways. Changing weather conditions will have direct effects on thermal habitats; however, there will also be very important indirect effects on lake ecosystems through influences on watershed processes that affect the thermal and chemical characteristics of lakes. Altered habitat conditions will affect the resident biota in both positive and negative ways and may favour range expansions of some native and non-native species. Our understanding of the altered biological interactions that will structure lake communities in a warmer climate is still limited, making the prediction of biological outcomes very difficult. Modelling efforts, experiments and empirical analyses of relationships between important attributes of lakes, lake communities, and weather conditions in the past are beginning to further our ability to predict likely future effects. Much more work is needed in all these research areas to further our understanding of the probable effects of climate change on Boreal Shield lakes. Because of the potential interactions of climate with other large-scale environmental stressors such as UV-B irradiance, exotic species invasions, base cation depletion, and acidification, future studies need to consider multiple stressor effects.

scholarly journals Elevated temperature and browning increase dietary methylmercury, but decrease essential fatty acids at the base of lake food webs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pianpian Wu ◽  
Martin J. Kainz ◽  
Fernando Valdés ◽  
Siwen Zheng ◽  
Katharina Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Aquatic Food Webs ◽  
Aquatic Food

AbstractClimate change scenarios predict increases in temperature and organic matter supply from land to water, which affect trophic transfer of nutrients and contaminants in aquatic food webs. How essential nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and potentially toxic contaminants, such as methylmercury (MeHg), at the base of aquatic food webs will be affected under climate change scenarios, remains unclear. The objective of this outdoor mesocosm study was to examine how increased water temperature and terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter supply (tDOM; i.e., lake browning), and the interaction of both, will influence MeHg and PUFA in organisms at the base of food webs (i.e. seston; the most edible plankton size for zooplankton) in subalpine lake ecosystems. The interaction of higher temperature and tDOM increased the burden of MeHg in seston (< 40 μm) and larger sized plankton (microplankton; 40–200 μm), while the MeHg content per unit biomass remained stable. However, PUFA decreased in seston, but increased in microplankton, consisting mainly of filamentous algae, which are less readily bioavailable to zooplankton. We revealed elevated dietary exposure to MeHg, yet decreased supply of dietary PUFA to aquatic consumers with increasing temperature and tDOM supply. This experimental study provides evidence that the overall food quality at the base of aquatic food webs deteriorates during ongoing climate change scenarios by increasing the supply of toxic MeHg and lowering the dietary access to essential nutrients of consumers at higher trophic levels.

scholarly journals The importance of species interactions in eco-evolutionary community dynamics under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Åkesson ◽  
Alva Curtsdotter ◽  
Anna Eklöf ◽  
Bo Ebenman ◽  
Jon Norberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework which features more detailed species interactions, integrating evolution and dispersal. We include species interactions within and between trophic levels, and additionally, we incorporate the feature that species’ interspecific competition might change due to increasing temperatures and affect the impact of climate change on ecological communities. Our modeling framework captures previously reported ecological responses to climate change, and also reveals two key results. First, interactions between trophic levels as well as temperature-dependent competition within a trophic level mitigate the negative impact of climate change on biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding biotic interactions in shaping climate change impact. Second, our trait-based perspective reveals a strong positive relationship between the within-community variation in preferred temperatures and the capacity to respond to climate change. Temperature-dependent competition consistently results both in higher trait variation and more responsive communities to altered climatic conditions. Our study demonstrates the importance of species interactions in an eco-evolutionary setting, further expanding our knowledge of the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes.

The effect of chrysanthemum leaf trichome density and prey spatial distribution on predation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) by Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Stavrinides ◽  
D.J. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Leaf Hairiness ◽  
Leaf Trichome ◽  
Prey Patches

AbstractThe effect of plant architecture, in terms of leaf hairiness, and prey spatial arrangement, on predation rate of eggs of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, by the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was examined on cut stems of chrysanthemums. Three levels of leaf hairiness (trichome density) were obtained using two different chrysanthemum cultivars and two ages within one of the cultivars. The number of prey consumed by P. persimilis was inversely related to trichome density. At low prey densities (less than ten eggs per stem), prey consumption did not differ in a biologically meaningful way between treatments. The effect of prey spatial arrangement on the predation rate of P. persimilis was also examined. Predation rates were higher in prey patches on leaves adjacent to the release point of P. persimilis, but significantly greater numbers of prey were consumed in higher density prey patches compared to low density patches. The predators exhibited non-random searching behaviour, spending more time on leaves closest to the release point. The implications of these findings for biological control and predator–prey dynamics are discussed.

scholarly journals Ecological costs of climate change on marine predator–prey population distributions by 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1069-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinara Sadykova ◽  
Beth E. Scott ◽  
Michela De Dominicis ◽  
Sarah L. Wakelin ◽  
Judith Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Population Distributions

scholarly journals Recent natural variability in global warming weakened phenological mismatch and selection on seasonal timing in great tits ( Parus major )

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1963) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel E. Visser ◽  
Melanie Lindner ◽  
Phillip Gienapp ◽  
Matthew C. Long ◽  
Stephanie Jenouvrier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Natural Climate Variability ◽  
Seasonal Timing ◽  
Phenological Mismatch ◽  
Natural Climate

Climate change has led to phenological shifts in many species, but with large variation in magnitude among species and trophic levels. The poster child example of the resulting phenological mismatches between the phenology of predators and their prey is the great tit ( Parus major ), where this mismatch led to directional selection for earlier seasonal breeding. Natural climate variability can obscure the impacts of climate change over certain periods, weakening phenological mismatching and selection. Here, we show that selection on seasonal timing indeed weakened significantly over the past two decades as increases in late spring temperatures have slowed down. Consequently, there has been no further advancement in the date of peak caterpillar food abundance, while great tit phenology has continued to advance, thereby weakening the phenological mismatch. We thus show that the relationships between temperature, phenologies of prey and predator, and selection on predator phenology are robust, also in times of a slowdown of warming. Using projected temperatures from a large ensemble of climate simulations that take natural climate variability into account, we show that prey phenology is again projected to advance faster than great tit phenology in the coming decades, and therefore that long-term global warming will intensify phenological mismatches.

Pelagic and benthic algal responses in eastern Canadian Boreal Shield lakes following harvesting and wildfires

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolors Planas ◽  
Mélanie Desrosiers ◽  
S-Raphaëlle Groulx ◽  
Serge Paquet ◽  
Richard Carignan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Reference Lakes

Pelagic and benthic algal biomass and pelagic algal community structure were measured in Boreal Shield lakes impacted by forest harvesting and wildfires (Haute-Mauricie, Québec). Sixteen reference lakes in which the watershed has been unperturbed for at least 40 years, seven harvested lake watersheds (logged in 1995), and nine lake watersheds burnt in 1995 were sampled for 3 years following harvesting or wildfires. From 1996 to 1998, repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant effects between treatment and sampling years for pelagic chlorophyll a (Chl a) and biomass, but for 1997-1998 benthic Chl a, repeated-measures ANOVA showed only significant treatment effects. Chl a concentrations increased 1.4- to 3-fold in perturbed lakes as compared with reference lakes. Areal pelagic Chl a (milligrams per square metre) was lower than estimated littoral Chl a in perturbed lakes. The pelagic algal community was dominated by mixotrophic nanoflagellates in reference lakes. Watershed perturbation induced differential changes in pelagic algal communities: mixotrophic nanoflagellates increased in harvested lakes and photoautotrophic diatoms in burnt lakes. Considering only perturbed lakes, algal biomass was proportional to the fraction of the catchment area perturbed divided by the surface area of lakes in the catchment.

scholarly journals Impact of forest harvesting on water quality and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter in eastern Canadian Boreal Shield lakes in summer

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 6999-7011 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glaz ◽  
J.-P. Gagné ◽  
P. Archambault ◽  
P. Sirois ◽  
C. Nozais
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Shield Lakes

Abstract. Forestry activities in the Canadian Boreal region have increased in the last decades, raising concerns about their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. Water quality and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were measured over a 3-year period in eight eastern Boreal Shield lakes: four lakes were studied before, 1 and 2 years after forest harvesting (perturbed lakes) and compared with four undisturbed reference lakes (unperturbed lakes) sampled at the same time. ANOVAs showed a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) in perturbed lakes when the three sampling dates were considered and in DOC concentrations when considering 1 year before and 1 year after the perturbation only. At 1 year post-clear cutting DOC concentrations were about 15 % greater in the perturbed lakes at ~ 15 mgC L−1 compared to 12.5 mgC L−1 in the unperturbed lakes. In contrast, absorbance and fluorescence measurements showed that all metrics remained within narrow ranges compared to the range observed in natural waters, indicating that forest harvesting did not affect the nature of DOM characterized with spectroscopic techniques. These results confirm an impact of forestry activities 1 year after the perturbation. However, this effect seems to be mitigated 2 years after, indicating that the system shows high resilience and may be able to return to its original condition in terms of water quality parameters assessed in this study.

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