PENGEMBANGAN HUNIAN DAN PERTANIAN VERTIKAL DI BOGOR DENGAN PENDEKATAN DESAIN BERBASIS PERILAKU

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Dionisius Nathanael Arif ◽  
Priscilla Epifania Ariaji
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Main Program ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Program Activity ◽  
Vertical Farming

Future Farmer’s Dwelling in Bogor is a new typology which is the result of unification of two main program activity. The project which is located in Bogor, is a new kind of typology in the field of agriculture. The agricultural sector in Indonesia still use the traditional methods although there have been many developments that have occurred in agriculture field, but those advancements have not been implemented yet. As designing this project, the design method used is behavior-based architecture where the method is aimed to understand the behavioral habits of building users. As for  the design strategies such as implementation of the newest  methods and technology in agriculture like the efficiency of  land area with the use of vertical farming methods, to save the amounts of water being used through hydroponic techniques which are also assisted by technology such as automatic regulation of water use which can be timed through a device. It is hoped that from the combination of all the methods can make an improvement for farmers productivity. Keywords: Farmers dwelling; Vertical Farming; Behavior; Hydroponic; Agriculture TechnologyAbstrakHunian Petani Massa Depan di Bogor merupakan sebuah bentuk tipologi baru yang berasal dari penggabungan dua buah program kegiatan utama. Proyek yang berlokasi di Bogor ini merupakan sebuah hal yang baru dalam bidang hunian dan agrikultur. Bidang agrikultur di Indonesia mayoritas masih menggunakan metode dan cara tradisional dalam prakteknya walaupun sudah banyak perkembangan-perkembangan yang sudah terjadi  dalam bidang tersebut namun kemajuan ini masih belum fasih diterapkan di seluruh Indonesia. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah arsitektur berdasar perilaku dimana dengan metode tersebut ditujukan untuk memahami kebiasaan perilaku dari calon pengguna bangunan. Adanya strategi desain berupa penerapan perkembangan metode dan teknologi di bidang agrikultur seperti penggunaan luas lahan yang efisien dengan metode pertanian vertikal, penggunaan jumlah air yang efisien melalui teknik hidroponik yang juga dibantu teknologi seperti pengaturan otomatis penggunaan air yang dapat diautur waktunya melalui sebuah perangkat. Diharapkan agar perpaduan tersebut dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dari para petani yang menggunakan fasilitas pada proyek ini.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

scholarly journals Calcium and Potassium Nutrition Increases the Water Use Efficiency in Coffee: A Promising Strategy to Adapt to Climate Change

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Ramírez-Builes ◽  
Jürgen Küsters
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Coffee (Coffea spp.) represents one of the most important sources of income and goods for the agricultural sector in Central America, Colombia, and the Caribbean region. The sustainability of coffee production at the global and regional scale is under threat by climate change, with a major risk of losing near to 50% of today’s suitable area for coffee by 2050. Rain-fed coffee production dominates in the region, and under increasing climate variability and climate change impacts, these production areas are under threat due to air temperature increase and changes in rainfall patterns and volumes. Identification, evaluation, and implementation of adaptation strategies for growers to cope with climate variability and change impacts are relevant and high priority. Incremental adaptation strategies, including proper soil and water management, contribute to improved water use efficiency (WUE) and should be the first line of action to adapt the coffee crop to the changing growing conditions. This research’s objective was to evaluate at field level over five years the influence of fertilization with calcium (Ca+2) and potassium (K+) on WUE in two coffee arabica varieties: cv. Castillo and cv. Caturra. Castillo has resistance against coffee leaf rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix Verkeley and Brome), while Caturra is not CLR-resistant. WUE was influenced by yield changes during the years by climate variability due to El Niño–ENSO conditions and CLR incidence. Application of Ca+2 and K+ improved the WUE under such variable conditions. The highest WUE values were obtained with an application of 100 kg CaO ha−1 year−1 and between 180 to 230 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The results indicate that adequate nutrition with Ca+2 and K+ can improve WUE in the long-term, even underwater deficit conditions and after the substantial incidence. Hence, an optimum application of Ca+2 and K+ in rain-fed coffee plantations can be regarded as an effective strategy to adapt to climate variability and climate change.

scholarly journals Variations of global and continental water balance components as impacted by climate forcing uncertainty and human water use

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2877-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Müller Schmied ◽  
Linda Adam ◽  
Stephanie Eisner ◽  
Gabriel Fink ◽  
Martina Flörke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. When assessing global water resources with hydrological models, it is essential to know about methodological uncertainties. The values of simulated water balance components may vary due to different spatial and temporal aggregations, reference periods, and applied climate forcings, as well as due to the consideration of human water use, or the lack thereof. We analyzed these variations over the period 1901–2010 by forcing the global hydrological model WaterGAP 2.2 (ISIMIP2a) with five state-of-the-art climate data sets, including a homogenized version of the concatenated WFD/WFDEI data set. Absolute values and temporal variations of global water balance components are strongly affected by the uncertainty in the climate forcing, and no temporal trends of the global water balance components are detected for the four homogeneous climate forcings considered (except for human water abstractions). The calibration of WaterGAP against observed long-term average river discharge Q significantly reduces the impact of climate forcing uncertainty on estimated Q and renewable water resources. For the homogeneous forcings, Q of the calibrated and non-calibrated regions of the globe varies by 1.6 and 18.5 %, respectively, for 1971–2000. On the continental scale, most differences for long-term average precipitation P and Q estimates occur in Africa and, due to snow undercatch of rain gauges, also in the data-rich continents Europe and North America. Variations of Q at the grid-cell scale are large, except in a few grid cells upstream and downstream of calibration stations, with an average variation of 37 and 74 % among the four homogeneous forcings in calibrated and non-calibrated regions, respectively. Considering only the forcings GSWP3 and WFDEI_hom, i.e., excluding the forcing without undercatch correction (PGFv2.1) and the one with a much lower shortwave downward radiation SWD than the others (WFD), Q variations are reduced to 16 and 31 % in calibrated and non-calibrated regions, respectively. These simulation results support the need for extended Q measurements and data sharing for better constraining global water balance assessments. Over the 20th century, the human footprint on natural water resources has become larger. For 11–18% of the global land area, the change of Q between 1941–1970 and 1971–2000 was driven more strongly by change of human water use including dam construction than by change in precipitation, while this was true for only 9–13 % of the land area from 1911–1940 to 1941–1970.

scholarly journals Optimization of irrigation water in South Africa for sustainable and beneficial use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Akinola Mayowa Ikudayisi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Water is an essential natural resource for human existence and survival on the earth. South Africa, a water stressed country, allocates a high percentage of its available consumptive water use to irrigation. Therefore, it is necessary that we optimize water use in order to enhance food security. This study presents the development of mathematical models for irrigation scheduling of crops, optimal irrigation water release and crop yields in Vaal Harts irrigation scheme (VIS) of South Africa. For efficient irrigation water management, an accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETₒ) should be carried out. However, due to non-availability of enough historical data for the study area, mathematical models were developed to estimate ETₒ. A 20-year monthly meteorological data was collected and analysed using two data–driven modeling techniques namely principal component analysis (PCA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for real time prediction of future ETₒ for the study area. The real time irrigation scheduling of potatoes was developed using a crop growth simulation model called CROPWAT. It was used to determine the crop water productivity (CWP), which is a determinant of the relationship between water applied and crop yield. Finally, a new and novel evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm called combined Pareto multi-objective differential evolution (CPMDE) was applied to optimize irrigation water use and crop yield on the VIS farmland. The net irrigation benefit, land area and irrigation water use of maize, potatoes and groundnut were optimized. Results obtained show that ETₒ increases with temperature and windspeed. Other variables such as rainfall and relative humidity have less significance on the value of ETₒ. Also, ANN models with one hidden layer showed better predictive performance compared with other considered configurations. A 5-day time step irrigation schedule data and graphs showing the crop water requirements and irrigation water requirements was generated. This would enable farmers know when, where, and how much water to apply to a given farmland. Finally, the employed CPMDE optimization algorithm produced a set of non-dominated Pareto optimal solutions. The best solution suggests that maize, groundnut and potatoes should be planted on 403543.44 m2, 181542.00 m2 and 352876.05 m2areas of land respectively. This solution generates a total net benefit of ZAR 767,961.49, total planting area of 937961.49 m2 and irrigation water volume of 391,061.52 m3. Among the three crops optimized, maize has the greatest land area, followed by potatoes and groundnut. This shows that maize is more profitable than potatoes and groundnut with respect to crop yield and water use in the study area.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Zitian Zhang ◽  
Michel Rod ◽  
Farah Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Population

Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.

Design of Automobile-Reversing Radar Control System Based on Ultrasonic

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 872-877
Author(s):  
Yan Xin Yu ◽  
Rong Chun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Main Program ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Compensation Circuit ◽  
Program Module ◽  
Function Modules

Based on the principle of ultrasonic transit time ranging, this article describes that the microcontroller is used as the core to develop the ultrasonic distance-measurement automobile-reversing radar control system. The system includes both hardware and software parts. The hardware part mainly consist single-chip control circuit, ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuits, temperature compensation circuit and voice alarm circuit. The software design part of the system was divided into several function modules with modular design method, such as main program module, temperature measurement module, voice alarm module and so on. The main program was responsible for dispatching management all the modules. Experiments show that this system can reach design requirement and has high value and broad application prospects.

Development vectors and foreign experience of information technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia and Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
I. L. Kovalyev ◽  
M. N. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Information Technology Development

The current stage of information technology development is characterized as digital called BCG (Boston Consulting Group) digitalization, while the analog period in agriculture is over, the industry has entered the digital era, which means that by 2050 the use of new generation technologies will be able to increase the productivity of world agriculture by 70 %. The main stages of information technology development in the world considers some of the most important areas of it technology development and global trends in the digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex based on the analysis of global scientific achievements, research reports, articles by well-known scientists, scientific and expert organizations have been investigated in the article. The main trends that determine the conceptual development of the so-called “Smart (digital) agriculture” are identified, the active use of elements of which contributes in every possible way to the highly rational social, economic, technical and technological development of the agricultural sector. A promising area is Precision Animal Husbandry (similar to Precision Farming). Among the elements of Precision Animal Husbandry the most widely used are identification and monitoring of individual animals using modern information technologies (feeding ration, milk yield, growth, body temperature, activity), meeting their individual needs; automatic regulation of the microclimate and control of harmful gases; monitoring the health of the herd, product quality; electronic database of the production process; robotization of the milking process.

A Mechanical Design Framework Based on Object-Oriented Approach

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taesik Jeong ◽  
Thomas P. Kicher ◽  
Ronald J. Zab
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Reduction Gear ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Automation Systems

Abstract An object-oriented programming (OOP) technique is investigated in order to develop the framework for mechanical design automation systems. A task-oriented decomposition approach is applied to conceptualize the task-object (or task-performing-object) in which common behavior and communication protocols are encapsulated [1]. Each task in the entire design process, either controlling design strategies or performing design methods, is made into an object. The design method objects are implemented using Artificial Intelligence (AI) paradigms, such as artificial neural networks and expert systems. This report explains how OOP is integrated to develop a mechanical design framework (MDF). A single reduction gear box design process was used to identify some of the general tasks involved in mechanical design process. From this process the guidelines for developing task-objects for future systems are formed. Full details of these guidelines and an implementation example in Smalltalk on a PC are available in [7].

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP INCOME OF RICE FARMERS (Oryza Sativa) IN AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS IN VARIOUS LAND AREA IN SUB-DISTRICT AIKMEL KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Edy Hermawan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Relationship Analysis

Rice commodity in Aikmel sub-district is one of the main commodities with an area of ​​9,392 Ha of lowland rice farming and geographically. Non-agricultural activities in rural areas began to develop in response to insufficient income from the agricultural sector. Many rural residents engage in non-agricultural activities when the agricultural sector is free. This is what causes a large number of residents to work from the non-agricultural sector, related to employment and income opportunities. Seeing this condition, it is felt that research needs to be done. This study aims to look at the income of paddy rice farming, non-farming and the relationship between lowland rice farming income and non-farming income on various land areas. The method in this study, namely descriptive, data collection by survey technique, determining the number of samples were 30 people was carried out by quota sampling and taking farmers in each village was carried out by proportional random sampling and determination of villages as samples was carried out by purposive sampling. The Results of the study explain: 1) the average total income of lowland rice farming farmers is Rp. 1.207.412/LLG or equivalent to Rp. 5.219.359/Ha. 2) In this study, farmers receive an average non-farming income of rice farmers of Rp. 8,000,000.- planting season 3). Relationship analysis relationship obtained correlation coefficient value of 0,3786 Because it has a positive result with a correlation coefficient value of 0,3786, the larger the land area, the greater the contribution of agricultural sector income to total non-agricultural income.

The potential of environmental impact as a result of the development of palm oil plantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almasdi Syahza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Land Area ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop strategies for potential environmental impacts as a result of institutional arrangement and development of oil palm downstream industry both regionally and nationally. Design/methodology/approach The research location is in the areas potential for oil palm plantation development, either by plasma through BUMN and BUMS or self-supporting by the society. The research location will be divided into two parts, namely, the land area and the coastal area. The Riau land areas are Regency of Kampar, Rokan Hulu, and Kuantan Singingi, while Riau coastal areas are Regency of Pelalawan, Siak, Bengkalis, Indragiri Hilir, Indragiri Hulu and Rokan Hilir. Both research areas have different productivity due to the different soil fertility levels. The sustainability level of oil palm plantation from the socio-economic and environmental aspects is analyzed using the multi-dimensional scaling approach modified into Rapid Appraisal-Index Sustainability of Palm Oil Management. Findings In Riau Province, the development of oil palm is quite rapid. This is reasonable for several reasons which include the following supporting factors: the geographical condition of the Riau region is very supportive; the high demand for palm oil derivative products; the existence of market guarantee for oil palm farmers; the higher income oil palm generates than other plantation crops; and the relatively flat area. Most of the problems faced by oil palm farmers are the use of less good seeds, the length of the fruit laying at the location of the plantation, the inadequate production road, the relatively far distance to palm oil mill (POM) (National Agency of Drug and Food Control), the tendency of determining the unilateral revenue of the POM, the collectively measurement of revenue and the general revenue information. The development of oil palm plantations has created an entrepreneurial capability for farmers who are able to capture business opportunities in the agricultural sector, especially the plantation sub-sector. Originality/value The originality of this paper shows the comprehensively control strategy, potential of environmental impact and palm oil plantation. The method used for data collection was rapid rural appraisal method because accurate information is needed in a limited time as it relates to decisions related to village development that must be taken immediately. The study area was conducted in Riau Province because Riau Province is one of the biggest palm oil producers in Indonesia. The study sites will be divided into two, namely, the land area and the coastal area.

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