scholarly journals Kavunda ABA Uygulamalarının Bitki Büyümesi, Çiçek Cinsiyeti ve Çiçek Tozu Kalitesine Etkileri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
İlknur Solmaz ◽  
Esma Kartal ◽  
Nebahat Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Flowers

It is important to use male sterility or chemical hybridization agents (CHA) to cause male sterility in the andromonoic female parent material to avoid time, labor and yield loss in hybrid seed production in melon. In this study, the effects of ABA which is a phytohormone and used as CHA in some plant species, on plant growth, male flower formation and pollen quality in Galia melon variety were investigated. In this research, two doses of 250 and 500 ppm of ABA were applied at seedling (F), at the first flowering period of hanged plants in greenhouse (İÇ) and at seedling + first flowering periods (F + İÇ). The control treatment was only sprayed with water. According to research findings, F + İÇ and F applications of 500 ppm dose of ABA were slightly suppressed the plant growth at the beginning, however this effect was lifted with the increase of temperature. While ABA applications did not prevent opening of male flowers, the number of male flowers were decreased by 62% compared to control at 500 ppm F + İÇ application. There is no quality enhancing effect of ABA applications on pollen viability and germination which both were found above 95%.

scholarly journals Flowering problems and their possible solution in cassava breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Yasmin Ibrahim ◽  
Yona Baguma ◽  
Wilfred Abincha ◽  
Paul Gibson ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Six elite cassava clones were chosen from cassava breeding program at the National Crops Resource Research Institute (NaCRRI) based on their flowering characteristics and seed set. The clones were planted in randomized complete block experimental design with 3 replications. The floral biology of these cassava clones were studied, focusing on morphological traits and developmental timing. Since cassava develops branches in levels, data was sourced from the 1st level of branching through the 4th level of branching. The result indicated that days to branching generally varied among all the genotypes studied, indicating the need to use different planting dates for different genotypes to ensure synchronization of flowering. The time difference among genotypes from branching to visible inflorescence was not larger than one and a half days and this difference did not seem to be a factor for synchronization. The general number of female flowers was low in all genotypes across branching levels. This suggests there is a need to apply techniques that could enhance flowering in cassava. Conversely, the number of male flowers outnumbered the female flowers, suggesting that male flower production may not be a limiting factor to hybrid seed production. The male flower opened 20 to 30 days later after the opening of the female flowers. This calls for delayed planting of the early flowering genotypes when used as female parent. It was recommended that in order to synchronize flowering, the late flowering genotypes have to be planted ahead of the early flowering genotypes. In addition, applying techniques such as growth regulators, red light and finding the most optimal locations for flowering is recommended for further study as a way of enhancing flowering among cassava genotypes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Silver Nitrate Applications on the Flower Quantity of Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz KARAKAYA ◽  
Hüseyin PADEM
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on the flower quantity of cucumbers. The seeds used in this study, which was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, in the Gazi village of Antalya Province (Turkey) the during spring and autumn 2005 breeding periods, were ‘Mostar F1’ (designated as ‘GND1’) and ‘Vesco Seeds Beith Alpha F1 (26.50 F1)’, designated as ‘GND2’ and those are the types having common production. The silver nitrate application was performed by the method of spraying on the growth tips of plants and 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm silver nitrate doses were administered. The research was conducted with 4 repetitions having 5 plants in each repetition according to the Random Parcel Trial Pattern. In order to determine the effects of the applications, the effects of a number of female flowers and male flowers on generative characteristics of planting periods (spring and fall) were identified and the results were statistically evaluated. According to the results obtained in this research, AgNO3 has led to the formation of male flowers (no male flower formation in control), has increased the number of male flowers, and has led to a decrease in the number of female flowers. The increase in the number of male flowers varied according to the periods (in ‘GND2’).

scholarly journals Two rice receptor-like kinases maintain male fertility under changing temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. 12327-12332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Yu ◽  
Jiaojiao Han ◽  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
Ming Song ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Environment Temperature

Plants employ dynamic molecular networks to control development in response to environmental changes, yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report the identification of two rice leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile 10 (TMS10) and its close homolog TMS10-Like (TMS10L), which redundantly function in the maintenance of the tapetal cell layer and microspore/pollen viability under normal temperature conditions with TMS10 playing an essential role in higher temperatures (namely, 28 °C). tms10 displays male sterility under high temperatures but male fertility under low temperatures, and the tms10 tms10l double mutant shows complete male sterility under both high and low temperatures. Biochemical and genetic assays indicate that the kinase activity conferred by the intracellular domain of TMS10 is essential for tapetal degeneration and male fertility under high temperatures. Furthermore, indica or japonica rice varieties that contain mutations in TMS10, created by genetic crosses or genome editing, also exhibit thermo-sensitive genic male sterility. These findings demonstrate that TMS10 and TMS10L act as a key switch in postmeiotic tapetal development and pollen development by buffering environmental temperature changes, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms by which plants develop phenotypic plasticity via genotype–environment temperature interaction. TMS10 may be used as a genetic resource for the development of hybrid seed production systems in crops.

ALTERATION OF GROWTH AND FLOWERING HABIT IN CUCUMBER BY CHLORFLURENOL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL J. CANTLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Growth Habit

Chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) was applied to four cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the greenhouse to determine its effect on sex expression, fruit set, and plant growth habit. The chlorflurenol was applied at three stages of growth, the first, second and fourth true-leaf stages, at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100 ppm. At 0.1 ppm or 1 ppm, chlorflurenol promoted male flower development in predominantly female (PF) Pioneer and monoecious Galaxy. However, at 10 or 100 ppm, chlorflurenol reduced male flower development in monoecious cultivars Galaxy and Wisconsin SMR 58 and in PF Explorer. The effectiveness of chlorflurenol in doing this was dependent on the stage of growth applied. Chlorflurenol did not affect female flower formation. Black-spined Pioneer and Wisconsin SMR 58 produced twice as many fruit per plant as white-spined Explorer and Galaxy when 100 ppm chlorflurenol was applied at the fourth-leaf stage. Plant growth was terminated in all cultivars at the 100-ppm concentration. It was proposed that yields of pickling cucumbers harvested once-over could be improved by increasing plant populations and applying chlorflurenol in the fourth-leaf stage to limit growth and promote fruit set.

scholarly journals A novel source of cytoplasmic male sterility in Calibrachoa pubescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemí Colombo ◽  
Andrea Coviella ◽  
Juan Carlos Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
And Control

Calibrachoa pubescens is a species native from the south of Brazil, Uruguay and northeast Argentina. An accession identified as 7.3.1.1 was collected at San Martín Department in Corrientes Province, Argentina and is included in the calibrachoa breeding program at the Institute of Floriculture, INTA. This accession is male sterile and produces male-sterile progeny, characterized by the lack of pollen production. Male sterility may be controlled by nuclear or cytoplasmic genes with each type presenting a different mode of inheritance. The objective of this research was to present a novel source of cytoplasmic male sterility in Calibrachoa pubescens. Crosses were made in the greenhouse between the male-sterile line 7.3.1.1 as the female parent and seven male-fertile lines of diverse origin. F1s were backcrossed and self-pollinated. Individual plants of the progenies were classified as male-fertile or male-sterile according to pollen viability. Analyses of observed segregations showed that male sterility observed in 7.3.1.1 results from the interaction of a male sterile cytoplasm and nuclear restorer genes. A novel male sterile cytoplasm is now available for breeders. Main advantages of cytoplasmic male sterility in ornamentals breeding are: efficient hybrid production, increased flower longevity, avoidance of pollen allergens and control of plant invasiveness.

scholarly journals Foliar-Applied Potassium Silicate Coupled with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improves Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Emad M. Hafez ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Usama A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

scholarly journals Sexuality in Neurospora crassa I. Mutations to male sterility

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weijer ◽  
N. V. Vigfusson
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Ultraviolet Light Irradiation ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Aberrant Segregation

SUMMARYMutations giving rise to sexual sterility were induced in Neurospora crassa macroconidia by ultraviolet-light irradiation. Thirty mutants were isolated on the basis of their male sterility in crosses with a wild-type strain. When used as the male parent these mutants exhibited a wide spectrum of sexual behaviour patterns ranging from the production of only small brown protoperithecia (complete male sterility) to the production of large and normally pigmented perithecia but with an undeveloped ostiole and very few if any spores. For many of the mutants the behaviour pattern is different when the strain is used as the female parent. Segregation data reveal that none of these mutants represent mutations of the mating-type locus. These findings suggest that the sexual development cycle is blocked at various stages in the different mutant strains. All attempts to restore fertility by supplying various additives to the medium or by varying the incubation time and temperature were unsuccessful. Conidial viability tests carried out on many of the strains revealed no abnormality in this respect. The aberrant segregation patterns exhibited by many of the mutants are discussed.

Differential nectar production between male and female flowers in a wild cucurbit: Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana (Cucurbitaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ashworth ◽  
Leonardo Galetto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nectar Sugar Composition ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

In dioecious and monoecious plants that depend on animal vectors for reproduction, pollinators have to be attracted to male and female flowers for pollination to be effective. In the monoecious Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, male flowers are produced in greater quantity, are spatially more exposed to pollinators and offer pollen in addition to nectar as floral rewards. Nectar traits were compared between male and female flowers to determine any differences in the characteristics of the main reward offered to pollinators. Nectar chemical composition and sugar proportions were similar between flower types. Total nectar sugar production per female flower was threefold higher than per male flower, and nectar removal did not have any effect on total nectar production in both flower morphs. Pollinators reduced nectar standing crops to similar and very scarce amounts in both flower types. Results indicate indirectly that pollinators are consuming more nectar from female flowers, suggesting that the higher nectar production in female flowers may be a reward-based strategy to achieve the high female reproductive output observed in this species.Key words: Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, nectar production, nectar sugar composition, removal effects, standing crop.

Effects of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on induced resistance of canola to Brevicoryne brassicae L

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sattari Nasab ◽  
M. Pahlavan Yali ◽  
M. Bozorg-Amirkalaee
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit profitable crop production either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of biostimulants. In this study, the effects of humic acid, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and integrated application of both compounds were investigated on life table parameters of B. brassicae, and the tolerance of canola to this pest. B. brassicae reared on plants treated with these compounds had the lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with control treatment. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were lowest on PGPR treatment (0.181 ± 0.004 day−1 and 1.198 ± 0.004 day−1, respectively) and highest on control (0.202 ± 0.005 day−1 and 1.224 ± 0.006 day−1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0) under treatments of humic acid, PGPR and humic acid + PGPR was lower than control. There was no significant difference in generation time (T) of B. brassicae among the tested treatments. In the tolerance test, plants treated with PGPR alone or in integrated with humic acid had the highest tolerance against B. brassicae. The highest values of total phenol, flavonoids, and glucosinolates were observed in treatments of PGPR and humic acid + PGPR. Basing on the antibiosis and tolerance analyses in this study, we concluded that canola plants treated with PGPR are more resistant to B. brassicae. These findings could be useful for integrated pest management of B. brassicae in canola fields.

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