scholarly journals COPRAS ve MAIRCA Yöntemleriyle Çorum İlinde Kurulabilecek Kompost Tesislerinin Optimallik Sıralaması

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2523-2531
Author(s):  
Sinan Dündar ◽  
Hüdaverdi Bircan ◽  
Hasan Eleroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
Suitable Location

The compost product, which is a biologically active substance, emerges as a result of microbial decomposition of organic materials under controlled conditions. This product, which is used for the improvement of soil structure and the development of agricultural products, also offers opportunities in terms of minimizing the damage caused by organic wastes to the environment. It is important to encourage efforts for compost production, especially in terms of both disposal and economic evaluation of wastes generated in animal production farms. Determining the most suitable location of a facility for the utilization of animal wastes as compost, which will be obtained from livestock enterprises scattered in different geographical areas, will be an essential study in terms of minimizing operating costs. For such a facility, it would be an appropriate approach to use multi-criteria decision making methods to choose among predetermined facility location alternatives. In this study, a total of 17 facility location alternatives with 83,163 cattle potential in Çorum province were ranked according to the criteria determined and weighted by means of SWARA method. The optimal ranking of 17 alternatives determined by K-Means clustering analysis was carried out by COPRAS and MAIRCA methods. According to the ranking results obtained from both methods, it was determined that cluster number 6 was in the first rank, cluster number 4 was in the second rank, and cluster number 3 was in the third rank.

RESULTS OF VK-3000 COMPOST MIXER TESTS DURING ACCELERATED BIOTHERMAL MANURE COMPOSTING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Cryshtal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Maintenance Personnel

The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of the compost mixer during operation. Research methods: the establishment of design features of the compost mixer was performed by the survey method provided for research sample, study of the quality of the technological process, operational-technological, energy and economic indicators, safety and ergonomics indicators were carried out by standardized methods according to DSTU 7435, DSTU 8424, DSTU 4397, DST 4748, CD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research results: research of the product was carried out under us mixing of compost in piles. The research results show that the compost mixer satisfactorily performs the specified technological process. Mixing of the compost mass is carried out at a speed of 0.5 km / h. This loosens the burt, which is necessary to regulate the temperature and humidity of the burt, remove CO2 and saturate the mass with oxygen, which is necessary to improve the process of aerobic fermentation of the material laid for composting. The capacity of the compost mixer for the main time was 134 tons per hour and 113 tons per hour of variable time (taking into account the time for moving). No additional maintenance personnel are required to operate the unit, the compost mixer is operated by a machine operator. Labor costs are equal to 0.01 man-hours / ton. Direct operating costs are UAH 2.04 / t and an annual load of 760 hours. (3.0-3.5 years per day). Conclusions: During the technological process, the compost mixer provides uniform mixing of organic waste and the formation of a burr for its further fermentation. Maintaining the required temperature and humidity in the burr allows you to maintain the quality of compost and prevents the loss of its value. Compared to other trailed and self-propelled machines, the VK-3000 compost mixer has a performance that is sufficient for medium-sized enterprises. Direct operating costs are UAH 2.04 / t at a mixer price of UAH 900,000 The obtained high-quality biologically active fertilizers, thanks to the use of a compost mixer, provide an increase in crop yields by increasing soil fertility.

scholarly journals Samsun İlinde Kurulabilecek Kompost Tesislerinin COCOSO ve WASPAS Yöntemiyle Optimallik Sıralaması

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2515-2522
Author(s):  
Sinan Dündar ◽  
Hüdaverdi Bircan ◽  
Hasan Eleroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Plant Location ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Compost Plant ◽  
Optimal Ranking

The compost product, which offers many benefits such as the evaluation of organic wastes, improvement of soil structure, neutralization of toxins and pH balance of the soil, has significant potential for the improvement of our country's lands. Considering the development of animal existence in our country, the production of compost product to be obtained from feces, which is the product of these animal beings, is an issue that needs to be emphasized. The choice of plant location, which must be determined for an investment to be made for the acquisition of this product emerges as a separate problem. For this reason, in this study, the order of optimality among the alternatives for compost plant installation is considered as a multi-criteria decision making problem. For this purpose, the criteria determined for 10 clusters with the potential of 35,829 animals that can produce compost in Samsun were weighted by the SWARA method. The optimal ranking of these 10 compost clusters was carried out using the COCOSO and WASPAS methods, by means of the criteria weights taken into consideration. According to the ranking results obtained from both methods, it was determined that the cluster number 27 was in the first rank, the cluster no 13 was in the second rank, and the cluster no 14 was in the third rank.

Importance of mechanisms and processes of the stabilisation of soil organic matter for modelling carbon turnover

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn S. Krull ◽  
Jeffrey A. Baldock ◽  
Jan O. Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Physical Protection

This paper reviews current knowledge of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics with respect to physical protection, soil moisture and temperature, and recalcitrant carbon fractions (such as charcoal) in predominantly agricultural soils. These factors are discussed within the framework of current soil organic matter models. The importance of soil structure in the stabilisation of organic residues through physical protection has been documented previously in various studies. In addition, changes in soil structure associated with tillage can significantly affect soil organic matter decomposition rates. The concept of physical protection has been incorporated into several soil carbon models as a function of soil texture. While soil texture can affect the soil's capacity for aggregation and adsorption, factors such as soil moisture and temperature may further enhance or reduce the extent of physical protection. While adsorption and aggregation can slow decomposition processes, it is unlikely that these processes are solely responsible for the high mean residence times measured in biologically active surface soils. Accordingly, chemical recalcitrance appears to be the only mechanism by which soil organic carbon can be protected for long periods of time.

Dry Bed Filtration as a Second Biological Stage for the City of Mannheim (1,200,000 PE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 261-284
Author(s):  
CF Seyfried
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Short Contact Time ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Performance Capability ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High ◽  
Composite Samples

Mannheim's large treatment plant (Qtr = 14.000 m3/h) is being expanded on the principle of dry bed filtration. In the first stage of expansion a filtration system of 32 filters covering a total area of 2.784 m2 is being added to the existing sludge plant. 24-h composite samples of the effluent have to meet the following specifications: 80 mg/l COD and 20 mg/l BOD5. Before the contract was awarded extensive experiments were conducted on the plant grounds in Mannheim. The performance capability of the system was proven (see Prof. Ruffer's paper). It was shown that at filtration rates of around 5 m3/m2·h, the suspended solids in the effluent could be kept under an average of 8-9 mg/l, the COD under 80 mg/l, and the B0D5 under 20 mg/l. The advantage of the system lies in its ability to supply the biologically active filter with atmospheric oxygen, resulting in lower operating costs. This system like other biologically operative ones has its limits in the short contact time; very high loading peaks show up again moderately in the effluent.

scholarly journals Consumer Attitudes towards Microalgae Production and Microalgae-Based Agricultural Products: The Cases of Almería (Spain) and Livorno (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Tomás Lafarga ◽  
Carlo Pieroni ◽  
Giuliana D’Imporzano ◽  
Lorenzo Maggioni ◽  
Fabrizio Adani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Biotechnology ◽  
Main Factor

The production of microalgal biomass and products derived thereof for a wide variety of applications is a hot research topic, with the number of facilities being built and products and biologically active molecules launched into the market increasing every year. The aim of the current study was to identify the attitudes of citizens in Almería (Spain) and Livorno (Italy) towards the construction of a microalgae production plant and a biorefinery in their cities and also their opinions about the microalgae-based products that could be produced. Overall, in Almería (Spain), a NIMBY (not in my back yard) attitude towards the construction of a microalgal production facility and especially towards a microalgal biorefinery was observed, despite the strong microalgal industry in the region and the higher knowledge of citizens about microalgae. In both locations, but especially in Livorno (Italy), microalgae-based biostimulants, biofertilisers, and aquafeeds were well accepted. Proximity was the main factor affecting the acceptance of a microalgae producing facility. Consumer knowledge about microalgal biotechnology and the health and environmental benefits of this valuable raw material are scarce, and opinions are based on drivers other than knowledge. After gaining more knowledge about microalgal biorefineries, most of the responses in Almería (47%) and Livorno (61%) were more positive.

Agricultural Logistics Companies Distribution Based on Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Genetic Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 2276-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yu ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Logistics Distribution ◽  
Logistics Enterprise ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering Analysis ◽  
Matlab Programming

This paper analyzes the logistics distribution system, logistics and distribution of agricultural products and agricultural products logistics enterprise status,Demand for agricultural products logistics companies point clustering analysis, Determine the economic and non-economic rational and reasonable point point,To TSP problem-based, Application of improved genetic algorithm to determine its distribution route, Use natural number coding chromosome structure represents feasible route, greedy crossover, mutation and reverse the 2-opt other methods, With VC + + and MATLAB programming of the algorithm, And empirical analysis proves the validity of the algorithm.

scholarly journals Sensorial evaluation genuineness of wine

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Ivo Tomášek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Suitable Location

The qualitative indicators of wine are also sensoric properties besides analytic properties. The specimens were evaluated immediately after their stabilization. Of course, by the time the sensoric properties are changing and can influence later evaluation, even customers in their desicion for repeating purchase. Specialists evaluated specimen of white wines such as: rhine Riesling, Sauvignon blanc and gruner Veltliner from three locations of Znojmo winery region. All specimen weren´t fermented to dry and they weren´t procesed the same technology, in spite of this, the speciments were evaluated objectively as possilble. The common parameters of vineyards were: exhibition, evaluation above sea-level and average annual temperatrature. The climatic factors had minimum differences in both monitoring vintages of growing season. A different parametr had soils, their geological origin, type of soil, structure and po­wer of topsoil. The acquired results were evaluated and graphically displayed.Gruner Veltliner – specimen No. 1 – this variety was covered in smell and taste by used technology. An outstanding location was a vineyard Weinperky with paleozoic sediments of neogene and higher pH and deeper arable level provides this location incommutable feature in contrast to from other recognizing vineyards of future wine. More likely geological-soil features have even specimens No. 3 and 4, which showed balance characteristic features in recognizing vintage. The specimens No. 2 and 1 had quantity untypical variety shades and they showed balance large differences both in evaluating committees and in recognizing vintages.Sauvignon blanc – the most suitable location was a vineyard Knížecí vrch – a specimen No. 6, which lies on lighter limy soils of Dyje massif together with higher pH created nice feature of variety. A spe­cimen No. 8 had more likely characteristics of location than a specimen No. 6. That express in evaluation. A specimen No. 7 seems less typical and characteristic substitute in evaluation.Riesling rhine – the most suitable location was chosen vineyard Šobes by judges, which gives incommutable features to smell and taste by sandy soils of Dyje massif above river Dyje. A specimen No. 9 represented the smell; specimens No. 10 and 11 were evaluated as average and untypical. They had quite different features in recognizing vintages.The authenticity was extended by sensorial evaluation and at the same time the outstanding locations were chosen, which can give wines of unusual quantity every year in connecting certain variety. The most suitable locations for singular type of wine with extending authenticity are Riesling rhine – vineyard Šobes, Sauvignon blanc – vineyard Knížecí vrch, Veltliner grun – vineyard Weinperky.

scholarly journals Influence of humic preparations on the content of carbohydrates in structural units and their water resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lykhman ◽  
Alexander Klimenko ◽  
Marina Dubinina ◽  
Olga Naimi ◽  
Elena Polienko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Combined Use

The effect of the combined use of humic preparations and pesticides in various dosages on the quantitative composition of carbohydrates in agronomically valuable soil aggregates was studied. Biologically active humic substances indirectly, through plants and microorganisms, intensify the release of sugars, which play an essential role in the initial stages of the soil aggregates formation. Pesticides have a depressing effect on the soil microflora development, which, in turn, is one of the factors of the agronomically valuable soil structure formation. The introduction of humic preparations reduces the toxic effect of pesticides and reduces seasonal deterioration in the structural state of the soil. It has been shown that the distribution of aggregates according to variants, both in the case of dry sieving and in the case of wet sieving, correlates with the dynamics of the carbohydrate content in soil particles. This tendency is especially perceptible in the variants where pesticides were introduced into the soil together with the humic preparation. The correlation between the distribution of soil aggregates and carbohydrates according to Chaddock’s scale is salient (r = 0.532). The introduction of humic preparations makes it possible to reduce the loss of the agronomically valuable structure even in aftereffect.

Determining the Correct Number of Clusters in the CT Image Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2675-2680
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Shihong Yue ◽  
Mingliang Ding ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Zeying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Cluster Validity Index ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Synthetic Datasets

Clustering algorithm plays an essential role in CT image segmentation, and cluster validity index is an essential component in clustering analysis. There are a lot of validity indices used for assessing clustering results, that is, determine the optimal cluster number. But the existing validity indices are often ineffective for the datasets with irregular-shaped clusters and corrupted by noise. This study aims to define a novel validity index which cannot be affected by the shapes of clusters and corrupted by noise of the investigated datasets. Chain-based distance different from original Euclidean distance is defined first, then by a multidimensional scaling (MDS) transformation, all points are mapped into a new data space. After evaluation of compactness and separation twice in datasets, a novel validity index is proposed. A lot of synthetic datasets and several typical CT images were used for validating the proposed validity index. Experimental results validate the proposed index and this index is applicable to the datasets with arbitrary-shaped clusters and corrupted by noise, which is helpful in clustering analysis and computer-aided detection system.

scholarly journals POLYCARBONATE GREENHOUSES WITH CONVERTIBLE ROOF

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
А. Блажнов ◽  
A. Blazhnov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Significant Temperature

Single-span arch and frame greenhouses with polycarbonate roof are considered. Cultivation facilities of this type are supplied by manufacturers for small forms of management. Polycarbonate roof has a number of advantages over plastic and glass fencing: it provides energy saving during the cold season, resists impact loads and does not require operating costs. However, during the summer, due to the greenhouse effect in the polycarbonate greenhouse, a significant temperature increase is possible, reducing the yield of agricultural products and deteriorating its quality. The maximum decrease in temperature in the structure is possible with natural air exchange through a tape ventilation opening created by lifting the ridge part of the roof. According to the results of the experiment, the aeration parameters necessary to reduce the internal temperature are established on the model of the greenhouse - the width of the tape opening and the height of the roof, expressed as a function of the span of the cultivation structure. The possibility of reducing the costs for the construction of a greenhouse in small form of ownership farms compared to the costs for the greenhouse of the factory supply are considered. The constructive scheme of a single-span frame greenhouse of construction production with a frame from rolling profiles with nodal connections on welding and enclosing designs from polycarbonate panels is offered. The dependences for determination of energy-efficient space-planning dimensions of the structure and steel consumption on the frame elements as a function of the parameters influencing it are derived. For the first three snow areas the pitch of frame frames corresponding to the minimum of steel consumption is justified.

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