Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From Typhoid Patient in Samawa City

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984
Author(s):  
Ali Anok Njum ◽  
Rimia N. Hassan ◽  
Jabbar Afat Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Cat Gene

A total of 100 blood samples taken from patients with suspected typhoid fever aged between (1-60) years, were involved in this study. Blood samples were cultured directly on brain heart infusion broth. After that sub cultured of isolates on MacConkey agar and XLD agar and S.S agar to find the Salmonella typhi then identified by the biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity test. Resistant genes were identified by using aacc2 gene and cat gene. Results showed that there was 7 Salmonella typhi isolates from blood culture, as well as, aacc2 gene success in amplification of 450bp fragment for amino glycoside resistant, while not improve amplification for chloramphenicol resistant gene (cat gene) from Salmonella typhi isolates . also our isolates showed sensitivity 100% for ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefazolin, and chloramphenicol, while all isolates were resistant 100% for tetracycline and erythromycin.

scholarly journals Distribution and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Faecal Bacteria from Underground Faecal Storage Cisterns in Ondo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Anthony Kayode Onifade ◽  
Sunday Stephen Abi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

Two hundred and fifty-six (256) human faecal samples were collected from thirty-three (33) underground faecal storage cisterns across 5 major towns (Akure, Akungba, Ondo, Ore and Owo) in Ondo State, Nigeria. Salmonella-Shigella agar, Eosine Methylene Blue agar and MacConkey agar, which are selective for faecal bacteria, were used to isolate a total of 103 strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical characterization of the isolates revealed Escherichia coli (32.04%), Enterobacter aerogenes (14.56), Klepsiella pneumoniae (12.62%), Salmonella typhi (11.65%), Psudomonas aeruginosa (7.77%), Shigella dysenteriae (6.80%), Proteus mirabilis (5.83%), Citrobacter koseri (3.88%), Providentia alcalifaciens (2.91%) and Klepsiella oxytoca (1.94%).  All the bacterial isolates were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using antibiotic discs impregnated with Augmentin (30 µg), Gentamycin (10 µg), Pefloxacin (10 µg), Ofloxacin (5 µg), Streptomycin (10 μg), Sulfomethoxazole-trimethoprim (30 µg), Chloramphenicol (30 μg); Sparfloxacin (10 μg); Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) and Amoxicillin (20 μg). The resistance of the isolates to the antibiotics used varied from 27.18% to Ciprofloxacin, 33.98% to Ofloxacin, 47.57% to Sulphomethazole-Trimethroprim, 56.31% to Streptomycin, 66.99% to Chloramphenicol, 74.76% to Pefloxacin, 75.73% to Sparfloxacin, 75.73% to Gentamycin, 85.44% to Ampicillin and 95.15 to Augmentin. These results showed that underground human faecal storage cisterns contain potential multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria that may be transmitted to human via formites, animal vectors and water.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in Akungba‐Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
N. F. Agangan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
The University

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli  Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram 

scholarly journals Analysis of River Water Along Klang Valley to Evaluate the Prevalence of Antibiotics Resistant Strains within Urbanized Areas of Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Klang Valley

The determination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Klang river water in Klang valley is performed as the river exposed to various environments. The analysis is performed through enumeration, isolation, and identification process. The water samples were obtained from the origin of the river, housing region, and hospital region. The coliforms obtained through enumeration and identification was then used to determine antibiotic sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The level of coliforms was indicated through the most probable number (MPN), which 70 MPN per 100 ml of river water in the origin of the river while housing and hospital regions showed more than 1600 MPN per 100 ml of river water. The results obtained from the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the degree of resistance of coliforms is varied in different regions. The zone of inhibition to ampicillin and tetracyclin for coliforms in housing regions is 20 mm, while the coliforms in the hospital region are 6 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The overall results showed that the level of coliforms and the antibiotic sensitivity of coliforms are different in various regions. The coliforms in the hospital region are more resistant to antibiotics compared to the housing region.

scholarly journals 1439. High Rates of Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Pilot Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S723-S724
Author(s):  
Vandarith Nov ◽  
Darapheak Chau ◽  
Chhorvann Chhea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major and growing global public health problem. The Cambodia Ministry of Health established a pilot laboratory-based AMR surveillance system for blood specimens in 2017. The objective of this study is to characterize AMR among pathogenic isolates from blood samples. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using one year of data from a pilot AMR Surveillance system in Cambodia. Four blood culture isolate pathogens were included: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi /Salmonella Paratyphi A and Staphylococcus aureus. Blood culture isolates that were referred from eleven sentinel sites were analyzed at the National Public Health Laboratory for identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration method following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Among 214 pathogenic isolates from blood samples, E.coli was the most common (56.1%), followed by Salmonella Typhi/Salmonella Paratyphi A (18.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.7%). Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in half of the isolates. E.coli was resistant to ampicillin (94.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.5%), and ceftriaxone (79.2%). Salmonella Typhi was resistant to ampicillin (73.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60.0%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A were resistant to fluoroquinolones (91.7%). For last resort antibiotics, E.coli was resistant to carbapenem groups (3.2% for imipenem, 4.9% for meropenem, and 5.0% for ertapenem). Klebsiella pneumoniae was not resistant to any groups. Conclusion E.coli was found at high rates in blood samples and was resistant to common antibiotics used in Cambodia. These pilot data show the importance of establishing a national AMR surveillance system in Cambodia to monitor AMR trends following GLASS guidelines. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity against Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Saif ur Rahman ◽  
Zafar Ahmad ◽  
Saad Ullah Jan ◽  
Muhammad Shafee ◽  
Ashiq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests

  Abstract   Proteus is an important microorganism that have been isolated from wound infections causing severe complications. This study was aimed to isolate and determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile against isolates. A total of 50 wound and pus samples were collected from patients admitted in BMC Hospital, Quetta and processed in Pathobiology Laboratory of Center for Advance Studies of Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB) University of Baluchistan. All the samples were inoculated onto Brain Heart infusion (BHI), MacConkey agar, Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficien (CLED) and Blood agar and incubated at 37 oC, overnight. The suspected colonies were identified by gram stain and different biochemical tests and also confirmed by local made Quick Test Strip 12 (QTS 12). Among the total 50 samples 8 were found positive for Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis against different antibiotic was evaluated by Kirby-Baur Method. Four different antibiotics were tested and ampicillin was found highly susceptible (75%), followed by Gentamicin (50%), Ceftazidime (40%) and ciprofloxacin (40%). This study shows the incidence of Proteus mirabilis in wound infection and best possible antimicrobial therapies against its infection.    

scholarly journals Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella typhi in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-418
Author(s):  
Md Khoyber Ali ◽  
Shahin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Enteric fever is an important public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. A changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and emergence of resistance has increased to a great concern. Objective: Aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi. Methods: A total of 181 Salmonella typhi samples from 5 to 15 years age group were collected from blood culture during the period of October to December 2014 from IBN SINA Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Specimens from the blood culture were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: Among the tested antibiotics, S. typhi was susceptible to ceftriaxone 100%, followed by cefixime and gentamicin 99.4%, ciprofloxacin 98.6%, cotrimoxazole 88.9%, azithromycin 88.4 % and least susceptible antibiotic was Ampicillin 62.5% and nalidixic acid 5%. Conclusion: The antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the Salmonella typhi were highly sensitive (>88%) to most of the drugs used in this study, whereas nalidixic acid showed only 5% sensitivity. So this study indicates that ceftriaxone, cefixime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be used as a first line therapy and nalidixic acid should be avoided for treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.416-418

scholarly journals Isolation of multidrug-resistant bacteria from the hospital environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahavir Joshi ◽  
Sukhminderjit Kaur ◽  
Bhavkiara Shergill ◽  
Sonali Sood ◽  
Mishra Tulika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Petri Plate

Antibiotics are used to cure the illness caused by pathogenic microbes. The resistance towards such antibiotics is becoming a serious concern in the present time. The frequency of drug resistance is increasing in hospitals. This aptitude to develop resistance against antibiotics has become a serious threat to the patients that are already hospitalized, making them more prone to infections and increased complications of already existing medical conditions. It can also lead to a high mortality rate in hospitals. The present work is designed to isolate microbes from the hospital environment to check the sensitivity against various antibiotics. For the isolation, aerosol-based air samples were taken by exposing sterile Petri plate at the OPD and general ward for about 10 minutes after that the plates were taken to the lab and incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Pure cultures were obtained by sub culturing the isolates onto fresh sterile nutrient agar plates. The clinical isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity test by using Dodeca G- V Plus disk (Himedia). The isolates were identified on the basis of microscopic and VITEK 2 based identification. Total of four bacteria Kocuria kristinae, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pantoea spp. and Staphylococcus vitulinus were isolated that showed variation in antibiotic-resistant pattern.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Trend in Blood Culture Positive Enteric Fever

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi ◽  
Sachin Khadka ◽  
Deepak Man Joshi ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: For diagnosis of enteric fever, the culture of the organism from different body fluids is the gold standard. After diagnosis, it is important to treat with the right antibiotic before any complications can occur. The retrospective study is designed to explore the antibiotic sensitivity trend in blood culture positive typhoid fever cases and the extent of drug resistance before treatment is administered.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for culture isolated enteric fever patients admitted in Kathmandu Model Hospital. The discharged records from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed. The patients above 15 years and with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study.Results: One hundred fifty-nine strains of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi were isolated from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 at Kathmandu Model Hospital. Out of 159 isolated, 125 (78.6%) were Salmonella typhi and 34 (21.4%) were paratyphi. Among them co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime, and ofloxacin demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Similarly, amoxicillin sensitivity was 98.1% (n=156) while ciprofloxacin was sensitive in 6.3% (n=10), intermediately sensitive in 49.1% (n=78) and resistance in 44.7% (n=71).The newer quinolone levofloxacin showed 78.5% (n=11) sensitivity. Azithromycin was sensitive in 99.2% (n=132) of total isolated Salmonella species both typhi and paratyphi. Conclusions: A high degree of sensitivity was noted to chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole, showing sensitivity has returned to conventional antibiotics. The drug-like ofloxacin is still the best responding drug in our contest whereas ciprofloxacin resistance is still high, but five years patterns show a trend of rollback of sensitivity. Keywords: Cephalosporin; enteric fever; sensitivity.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Poultry Products in Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3197
Author(s):  
Beatriz García-Béjar ◽  
Izan García de Blas Martín ◽  
María Arévalo-Villena ◽  
Ana Briones Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

The prevalence of Escherichia coli was analysed in poultry products from different Spanish retailers and determined its antibiotic resistance capability by phenotypic (ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, imipenem, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and colistin) and genotypic assays. A total of 30 samples (hindquarters or livers) were collected from supermarkets and butchers. Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged between 3.2 and 6.5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g, and the highest values were found in livers and in samples from supermarkets. E. coli was detected in 83% of the samples tested, and the highest prevalence was observed in livers (100%) and supermarkets (91%). Regarding the antibiotic sensitivity test, 100% of the E. coli showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rates were detected for colistin (87%) and gentamicin (79%), while only two antibiotics (chloramphenicol and cefotaxime) showed a resistance lower than 10%. Furthermore, the resistance genes of tetracycline and beta-lactams were analysed by multiplex PCR, revealing that tet(A) and blaTEM were the majority genes, respectively.

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