scholarly journals The Results of Testing Several Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under The Stands of Immature Coffee Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Benni Satria
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels

Potatoes have the potential to be developed as a source of carbohydrates in supporting food diversification programs. Reduced potatoes production has resulted from a decrease in the land area for potato cultivation. The effort that can be made to increase land productivity is through multiple cropping systems such as intercropping, intermittent intercropping, streak planting, annual intercropping, and agroforestry. It is necessary to use idle land under plantation stands that have not been optimized, in increasing productivity and efficiency of agricultural production systems. This study aims to get the varieties that have the best growth and yields planted under immature coffee stands. This research applies a Single Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the factor is four levels of potato varieties, Granola (V1), Bliss (V2), Kentang Merah (V3) and Batang Hitam (V4). Observations made include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, tuber length, tuber diameter, weight per tuber, number of tubers/plat, and total tuber by grade tubers (Small, Medium, Large, Very large). Based on the analysis variance of each observation variable shows, there is an effect of the variable observation except the width of the leaves. Granola provides the best response to the growth and yield of potato plants

scholarly journals Effect of a Fungi Complex in Nine Ecotypes of Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach) Morrone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Primavera Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Yuri Villegas-Aparicio ◽  
Rigoberto Castro-Rivera ◽  
Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo ◽  
Aarón Martínez-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Effect ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fungal Consortium ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of different concentrations of a fungal consortium on the growth and yield of Cenchrus purpureus ecotypes under storm conditions.Design/Methodology/Approach: An experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a 9X2X4 factorial arrangement. The factors were 9 ecotypes of Cenchrus purpureus, two seasons of the year (Summer-Fall and Winter-Spring), and four levels of mycorrhizal consortium. The variables evaluated were: number of buds, number of leaves, height of the bud, leaf length, total biomass, and leaf-stalk ratio.Results: The response of the ecotypes had a differential effect on the variables NB, LLL, TB and L/SR, while the season affected the variables LN, PH, LLL, MLL, SLL, TB and L/SR. Low inoculation levels increased the variables NB, PH, LLL, MLL and TB.Study Limitations/Implications: The evaluated factors indicate that the level of inoculant and the season determine the growth and yield of Cenchrus purpureus.Findings/Conclusions: The mycorrhizal consortium dose and season of the year mainly determined the growth and yield of C. purpureus. Ecotypes respond differently to changes in the season and in mycorrhizal consortium dose. The evaluated factors indicate that the mycorrhiza dose and the season of the year determine the growth and yield of C.purpureus. Two growth strategies of the ecotypes are visualized: 1) many buds, with few small leaves and 2) few buds with many large leaves

scholarly journals Effects of Planting Date and Growth Hormone on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
M Imran ◽  
M Ikrum ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MG Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from October 2014 to March 2015 to study the effects of planting date and growth hormone on the growth and yield of cauliflower. The experiment consisted of two factors; Factor A: Three planting dates, such as P1: Planting on 1 November; P2: Planting on 15 November and P3: Planting on 1 December; Factor B: Four levels of Growth hormone, such as H0: No Hormone (control); H1: 10 ppm IAA (Indole-3 Acetic Acid); H2: 70 ppm GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) and H3: 10 ppm IAA + 70 ppm GA3. The experiment was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of planting date, the highest plant height (63.26 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.13), leaf length (59.26 cm), leaf breadth (19.31 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (22.25 cm), marketable yield per hectare (28.11 t ha-1) were recorded from P2 and the lowest of those parameters were recorded from P3. In case of growth hormone the highest plant height (63.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (23.66), leaf length (59.05 cm), leaf breadth (18.98 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (22.39 cm), marketable yield per hectare (29.88 t ha-1) were recorded from H3 and the lowest of those perameters were recorded from H0. Combination of planting date and growth hormone the highest plant height (65.96 cm), number of leaves per plant (26.42), leaf length (63.64 cm), leaf breadth (20.92 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (25.75 cm), marketable yield per hectare (31.03 t ha-1) were recorded from planting on 15 November and 10 ppm IAA with 70 ppm GA3 (P2H3) and the lowest parameters (21.75 t ha-1) were recorded from planting on 1 December and no hormone (P3H0). It is apparent from the above results that the combination of planting on 15 November and 10 ppm IAA with 70 ppm GA3 (P2H3) was more productive from the other combinations.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 143-150 2016

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur and GA3 on the Growth and Yield of Onion

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHA Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of sulphur and GA3 on the growth and yield performance of onion cv. BARI Peaj-1. The experiment included four levels of sulphur viz., 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha and four concentrations of GA3 viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 ppm. The experimental findings revealed that sulphur and GA3 had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and length, individual bulb weight, splitted and rotten bulb, bulb dry matter content and bulb yield. The highest bulb yield (13.85 t/ha) was recorded from 30 kg S/ha, while the lowest bulb yield (11.20 t/ha) was obtained from control. Most of the parameters showed increasing trend with the higher concentration of GA3. Application of GA3 @ 100 ppm gave the maximum bulb yield (15.23 t/ha), while the minimum value (10.10 t/ha) was observed from control. Almost all the parameters were significantly influenced by combined treatments of sulphur and GA3 except bulb length of onion. The maximum bulb dry matter content (13.50%) and bulb yield (17.10 t/ha) were produced from the application of sulphur @ 30 kg/ha with 100ppm GA3, while the minimum bulb dry matter content (9.23%) and bulb yield (9.33 t/ha) were recorded from control treatment of sulphur with GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 57 - 63, 2010

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) under Different Light Intensities and Concentrations of Paclobutrazol

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Noorwitri Utami ◽  
Lukita Devy ◽  
Arief Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) is one of the medicinal plants used for anticancer treatment, but the information on the cultivation of the plant is limited. The objectives of this research was to study the effect of light intensity and concentration level of paclobutrazol on growth and yield of rodent tuber. This research was conducted at Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. This experiment arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is light intensity (35, 55, and 100%). The sub plot is concentration level of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). Paclobutrazol applied as soil drench at one month after planting. In each application 500 ml solution was used. Variables observed consisted of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf and tuber fresh weight; and leaf and tuber dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range test at 5%. The result showed that interaction between light intensity and paclobutrazol affected the whole observed variable. Dry weight of tuber under 35% light intensity was lower than those in other light intensity for all treatments of paclobutrazol. Full sunlight intensity showed better dry weight in all treatments of paclobutrazol. However the dry weight decreasing significantly at 150 ppm paclobutrazol, but still higher than those in 35% light intensity. Therefore, rodent tuber is better cultivated under full sunlight and 55% light intensity with 100 ppm paclobutrazol.

Nitrogen effect on the growth and yield contributing characters of Binadhan-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
M. B. Akter ◽  
N. Nahar ◽  
M. S. Rana ◽  
M. N. Hasan ◽  
M. B. Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

The experiment was conducted at the BINA sub-station, Rahmatpur, Barishal, during the period from April 2020 to August 2020 to investigate the effect of nitrogen on the yield of transplant Aus rice cv. Binadhan-19. The experiment comprised four levels of nitrogen viz (a) N0 (zero nitrogen), (b) N1 (90 kg N/ha), (c) N2 (110 kg N/ha) and (d) N3 (130 kg N/ha). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, effective tiller, non-effective tiller, flag leaf length, filled gran, unfilled grain and 1000 grain weight were increased with increasing nitrogen doses till 110 kg N ha-1. Furthermore, the highest grain weight was recorded in 110 kg N ha-1 due to superior performance of yield contributing characters of BInadhan-19. A positive correlation was found between grain yield and total dry matter production. The experimental results concluded that 110 kg N ha-1 would be the best dose for higher gain yield in Binadhan-19 in aus season.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) as affected by farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer application in Tahtay Koraro District, Northwestern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Lchi Abrahaley Gererufael ◽  
Negasi Tekeste Abraham ◽  
Tesfay Belay Reda
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Unfertilized Plot ◽  
Bulb Yield

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in Tahtay Koraro district of Northwestern zone of Tigray from October 2017 to April 2018, to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of onion. The experiment consisted of four levels of FYM (Farmyard manure) as 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1 and four levels of inorganic N as 0, 34.5, 69 and 103.5 kg ha−1 factorially arranged in RCB design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of N, FYM as well as their interactions significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average bulb weight, above ground dry biomass, marketable bulb yield and total bulb yield of onion. Similarly, main effects of N and FYM significantly (P < 0.05) affected leaf length, bulb length, unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. The highest marketable bulb yield of 35.93 t ha−1 and 34.72 t ha−1 were obtained at combinations of 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 30 t FYM ha−1 and 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 20 t FYM ha−1 respectively. However, the lowest marketable bulb yield of 13.88 t ha−1 was obtained from the unfertilized plot. Moreover, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained at combined application of 103.5 kg N ha−1 and 10 t FYM ha−1 and thus can be recommended for onion production in the study area.

Growth and yield response of Broccoli to vermicompost and farmyard manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2107-2113
Author(s):  
H. E. Rabbee ◽  
N. J. Methela ◽  
B. Hossain ◽  
M. R. I. Suhel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The present experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research field, Noakahali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh during the period from September 2018 to February 2019 to find out the effects of Vermicompost and Farmyard manure growth and yield of Broccoli. The single factor experiment was carried out by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Three treatments viz., T0= Control, T1= Vermicompost and T2= Farm Yard Manure as well as Centeuro variety were used. Data were recorded from different stages of plant growth on plant height at different days after transplanting, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf diameter, plant spread, 50% curd initiation days, 50% curd maturation days, curd diameter, Marketable curd weight, Net curd weight and Yield/plot. All the recorded parameters were statistically significant among the treatments. The tallest plant (43.67cm) can be recorded from T1 (vermicompost) whereas lower plant height (38.10cm) was notified from control (T0). The maximum number of leaves (16.03) recorded from vermicompost treated plant where minimum from control (T0; 13.28). Highest leaf length (40.67cm), leaf diameter (16.22cm), plant spread (47.91cmü), early curd initiation (73.22 days), early curd maturation (89.72 days), curd diameter (16.16cm), marketable curd weight (452.67g), net curd weight (361.43g) and yield/plot (3.94kg) was found from vermicompost treated plant is compared with Farmyard manure whereas lowest data recorded from control. Observing the results it can be stated that using of vermicompost treated plants gave better growth and yield contributing characters of Broccoli in contemporary with other treatments.

Effect of nitrogen and zinc on nodulation, growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Upadhyay ◽  
Anita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Branches

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of zinc and nitrogen on growth, nodulation pattern and yield of cowpea. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen ( 0 , 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and four levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Application of various levels of nitrogen significantly increased dry matter production/plant , plant height number of branches/ plant, effective nodules/ plant, total nodule / plant, effective nodules weight /plant, pods/plant , seeds/pod and grain yield. Similarly zinc significantly increased plant height, branches / plant, number of leaves/plant, dry matter /plant, effective nodules weight /plant and grain yield. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and zinc on grain yield.

scholarly journals The effect of combination of AB-mix nutrition with liquid organic fertilizer of tofu liquid waste on hydroponical growth and production of lettage (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Arnis En Yulia ◽  
Murniati ◽  
Isna Rahma Dini ◽  
Laila Manja
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of AB mix nutrients with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of tofu liquid waste on the growth and yield of lettuce plants and to obtain the best combination for the growth and yield of lettuce hydroponically. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of a comparison of nutritional treatments, namely: N1 = 100% AB mix + 0% LOF of liquid waste tofu, N2= 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N3= 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N4= 25% AB mix + 75 % LOF of tofu liquid waste, N5= 100% LOF of waste liquid tofu which consists of 4 replications. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, root length, fresh weight, root volume and weight fit for consumption. The results showed that the administration of 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste and 25% AB mix + 75% LOF of tofu liquid waste showed results that tended to be the same but the results of the combination of 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste were higher. On the parameters of the number of leaves is 11.12 strands, fresh weight is 66.40 g and suitable weight for consumption is 58.31 g.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk KCl dan Persentase Defoliasi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tin (Ficus carica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Raudatul Jannah ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Cut Nur Ichsan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk KCl dan persentase defoliasi yang tepat serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman  tin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Kasa komplek Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dari bulan Juli sampai September 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah pola RAK faktorial 3 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu pengaruh dosis pupuk KCl yang terdiri atas 3 taraf (0 g-1tan-1thn, 700 g-1tan-1thn, 800 g-1tan-1thn) dan persentase defoliasi yang terdiri atas 2 taraf (30% dan 60%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa dosis pupuk KCl berpengaruh  sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah  daun 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP (minggu setelah  perlakuan) ,  pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP,  pertambahan lebar daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah buah 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah total serta berat buah 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan berat buah total. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin yang terbaik dijumpai pada dosis pupuk KCl 800 g-1tan-1thn dengan pertambahan hasil rata-rata 15,4 t. ha-1untuk2 bulan masa panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase defoliasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan lebar daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah buah 2 dan 4 MSP dan berat buah 10 MSP total, berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah buah 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah total serta berat buah 2, 4, 6, 8 MSP. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin terbaik dijumpai pada defoliasi daun 60% dengan pertambahan hasil rata-rata 12,6 t. ha-1untuk2 bulan masa panen. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara dosis pupuk KCl dan persentase defoliasi terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 4, 6 dan 8 MSP, pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan lebar daun 2, jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah 2 MSP dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 2 MSP. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan dosis pupuk KCl 800 g-1tan-1thn dengan defoliasi 60%.The Effect of Potassium Chloride (KCl) Fertilizer Doses and DefoliationPercentage on the Growth and the Yield of Fig (Ficus carica L.)Abstract. This research aims to examine the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer doses and defoliation percentage on the growth and the production of Fig (Ficus carica L.) and the interaction between these factors on the growth and production of fig plants. This research was conducted at the Screen House of Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The research was carried out from July to September 2019. The research used split-plot design of 3 x 2 factorial RCBD with 3 replications. KCl fertilizer doses consisting of 3 levels (0 g tree-1 yr-1,700 g tree-1yr-1, 800 g tree-1 yr-1) and defoliation percentage consisting of 2 levels (30 % and 60 %). The result shows that KCl fertilizer dose has a very significant effect on increasing the number of leaves to 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT (week after treatment), increasing leaf length at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT, and fruit weight at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT. The best growth and yield of fig plants were found at a dose of KCl 800 g tree-1 yr-1with 15,4 t. ha-1 increasing fot two mounths harvest time. Percentage of defoliation has a very significant effect on increasing the number of leaves at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, the number of fruits at 6 WAT, significantly affected in increasing the number of leaves at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 WAT, the number of branches at 2 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 4, 8 and 10 WAT. The best growth and yield of fig plants were found at 60% defoliation treatment1with 12,6 t. ha-1 increasing fot two mounths harvest time. Thus, there was a very significant interaction between the dose of KCl fertilizer and the percentage of defoliation on the increasing the number of leaves at 4, 6 and 8 WAT), leaf length at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 2 WAT and significant interaction on the number of leaves to 2 WAT. The best growth and  yield of fig plants were found in a combination of a dose of 800 g tree-1 yr-1 of KCl fertilizer with 60% of defoliation.

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