scholarly journals Response of morphological and biochemical traits of maize genotypes under waterlogging stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Shamima Nasrin Asha ◽  
Naima Sultana ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Shirin Akhter ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated around the world. Waterlogging stress is a major production constraint of maize production in rain-fed agricultural systems. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of continuous waterlogging on morphological and biochemical traits of maize genotypes at the vegetative stage. Ten maize genotypes were treated under no waterlogging (control) and continuous waterlogging of five centimeters depth for 10 days. The treatments were applied to the plants at their 45 days of age. Visual leaf injury scores from Leaf 4 (youngest leaf is the reference point) to Leaf 7 separated tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Waterlogging stress significantly reduced the total number of live leaves and chlorophyll content in leaf tissues in susceptible genotypes. The anatomical study revealed that tolerant maize genotypes produce a large number of aerenchyma cells under waterlogging stress compared to susceptible genotypes. The enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) exhibited a greater increase in tolerant genotypes than susceptible genotypes whereas the contents of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) greatly increased in susceptible genotypes than tolerant genotypes under waterlogging stress compared to control. Principal component 2 (PC2) indicated that increasing plant height in the genotypes BHM-14, BHM-13 and BHM-9 was associated with waterlogging tolerance. The findings of this experiment will add value to maize breeding to screen out maize genotypes for waterlogging stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Karakter Seleksi Fase Vegetatif Jagung terhadap Hasil pada Cekaman Genangan Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Uswah Trywulan Syah ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Dan Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Maize is an important crop in Indonesia that is utilized for food, feed, and industry. Waterlogging is one of the abioticstresses challenging maize production in recent years due to climate changes. Vegetative-phase screening methods may benefitplant breeding programs because potential genotypes can be identified at earlier stage with lower cost. This study consistedof two experiments. The first experiment was carried out at the Sawah Baru experimental station of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity (IPB), Bogor, from June to September 2017 using an alpha lattice design with three replications and four blockswithin each replication. The second experiment conducted in a greenhouse at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor,from December 2017 to January 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic materialused were 21 maize genotypes from the Indonesia Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) and IPB, including 19 hybrids and 2inbred lines. The results showed that the dry root weight under normal conditions had significant positive correlation withgrain yield under waterlogging stress, and therefore is potential for early screening. Adaptive genotypes in waterloggingstress selected based on dry root weight are DKLx30, DKLx11, MGoldx37, MGOldx41, and IPB L15-1xMR14. Predictedmean yield across these genotypes was 0.57 ton ha-1 higher yield than the overall mean in waterlogging stress condition.Selected hybrids can be further evaluated for variety release.

scholarly journals Maize breeding for abiotic stress tolerance: An alternative to face climate changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tiago Corazza da Rosa ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Danieli Jacoboski Hutra ◽  
Leonardo Cesar Bradebon ◽  
Marlon Vinícius da Rosa Sarturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
World Population ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Maize breeding faces several challenges when the matter is abiotic stresses. For many years, the focus was to develop genotypes adapted to optimal environmental conditions, however, the need to ensure yields under unsuitable and unstable conditions of a climate-changing world is undeniable. Therefore, this review is addressed to the main abiotic stresses that jeopardize maize production worldwide, presenting an overview regarding losses and impacts imposed by them, stating what has been achieved through conventional and molecular plant breeding techniques, and the future prospects on this subject. The conventional breeding added to molecular techniques bring great expectations for developing abiotic stresses tolerant maize genotypes. Universities and research companies worldwide have contributed to expand and spread basic and essential knowledge, however, the entrance of large multinational companies might revolutionize the field. Genetic modified hybrids and projects of continental coverage will introduce many innovations and alternatives to ensure food security for the increasingly growing world population. 

scholarly journals Selection of maize genotypes for drought tolerance improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract Climate change alters crop production in tropical and subtropical regions, and drought is a big challenge in maize production nowadays and near future. Breeding drought-tolerant varieties is important to keep production stability and food security. This research was undertaken to evaluate agronomic performance and yield potential of several maize genotypes in a drought stress environment, and to identify potential genotypes for further utilization in a maize breeding program. The experiment was conducted using an augmented design with 370 test genotypes and 6 checks at Sukoharjo Village, Kediri, East Java, from September 2014 to January 2015. The plants suffered from drought stress in the pre-anthesis period. Results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype is significant on grain yield, ear yield, plant height, and ear height. Linear correlation analysis showed that grain yield is negatively correlated with leaf senescence. Selection for tolerant genotypes was conducted using selection index and cluster analysis. Line 249 and 252 are considered potential for subsequent breeding processes because they have similar traits with a formerly known drought-tolerant variety, namely Bima 19URI.

scholarly journals Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8197
Author(s):  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽  
Adela Adamus ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes on Some Yield and Yield Components at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1840-1845
Author(s):  
Mekuannet Belay Kebede ◽  
Degefa Gebissa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Almost All

Genetic improvement in components of economic importance along with maintaining a sufficient amount of variability is always the desired objective in the any maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program which will be handled under the conditions of Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using (27) and (3) check/control varieties to determine the genetic variability of maize genotypes at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. The study results revealed that significantly the tallest plant heights for (PH) were recorded from (3) (170 cm) and (18) (167.5 cm) genotypes whereas the shortest PH were recorded from (13) (117.5 cm) and (23) genotypes (120 cm). Good plant aspects (PA) were obtained from genotype 12, 22 and 26 (PA-1.5) and poor PA were attained from genotype 1 (PA-2.5). Besides, genetic and phenotypic variances were estimated for seven components. The highest genotypic coefficients variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were calculated from grain yield (GY – 23.39%). Comparatively the higher GY were attained from the genotypes of 3, 9 and 12. It can be concluded that almost all components of the PCV are greater than the GCV. Superior selected genotypes are recommended to the researchers /breeders to develop disease resistant and high yielder varieties to increase maize production by farmers under Haramaya and other similar agroecologies.

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical study of leaf tissues of scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Varga ◽  
L. Udvardy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Cell Thickness

According to previous studies some anatomical features seem to be connected with resistance or susceptibility to scab caused by Venturia ineaqulis (Cke./Wint.) in case of a given cultivar. Study of leaf anatomy of three scab resistant (‘Prima’, ‘Florina’, MR–12) and two susceptible (‘Watson Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’) apple cultivars have been made. Preserved preparations made of leaves has been studied by light microscope. Studied parameters were: thickness of leaf blade, thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma, thickness of epidermal cells, thickness of the cuticle. By measuring leaf thickness and epidermal cell thickness visible differences appeared in certain cultivars, while most conspicuous difference has been shown in thickness of the cuticle.

scholarly journals Cephalosporium maydis, the Cause of Late Wilt in Maize, a Pathogen New to Portugal and Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽  
J. M. Melero-Vara ◽  
A. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Cephalosporium Maydis

Scattered maize (Zea mays L.) plants with symptoms of premature wilting were observed in two fields in Toledo (Spain) during the summer of 2003. In 2008, affected fields in Toledo and Ribatejo (Portugal) showed incidences as much as 60% and symptoms affecting 50% of the hybrid varieties. Wilting became visible before tasseling and continued until shortly before maturity. It steadily progressed from the lower to upper leaves; the leaf tissues between the veins changing first to a pale green color then the whole leaf rolling inward lengthwise. Some leaves dried up and became brittle. As leaf wilting advanced, yellowish or reddish brown streaks appeared on the basal internodes of the stalk, which dried up and became shrunken. When the stalk was split, a brown discoloration extended along the internodes. The fungus that was consistently isolated from necrotic roots and basal tissues of the stalks of plants from both locations was identified as Cephalosporium maydis Samra, Sabet & Hingorani (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of mycelial DNA was amplified (ITS1 and ITS2 primers) and sequenced. BLAST analysis showed 99% homology with C. maydis (GenBank Accession Nos. CM2A1, CM884, CM3B, and CM1A). Pathogenicity was confirmed in a shadehouse experiment from March to July of 2009. One isolate from Ribatejo and another from Toledo were independently inoculated to 24 4-day-old seedlings of each of two maize varieties. The experimental unit consisted of six seedlings planted in an 8-liter pot filled with sand/silt previously infested with 200 g of wheat grains colonized by the fungi. Noncolonized wheat grains were used for the control treatments. Four replications (pots) were established for each genotype/isolate combination according to a complete randomized 2 × 3 factorial design. After 6 weeks, four plants in each pot were randomly selected for evaluation of root necrosis, plant height, and reisolations of C. maydis. The two remaining plants were grown for nine additional weeks, then their weights were determined, and the percentages of aboveground tissues that were prematurely necrotic and dry were evaluated. Six weeks after inoculation, percentage of root necrosis of inoculated plants ranged between 75 and 100%, which was significantly higher than those of the controls (0%). No significant differences of height were recorded. At the end of the experiment, 28 to 53% of aboveground tissues of inoculated plants were necrotic and dry, significantly higher than in the controls. Regardless of the variety, weights of the inoculated plants were significantly reduced to 45 and 65% of the control plants. When root and stalk tissues from both varieties were sampled and incubated on potato dextrose agar at 25°C, the mycelial growth of C. maydis was confirmed for the inoculated plants but not for the control plants: colonies with “rhizoid” appearance of the margin, first white in color and turning to ash gray with age. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. maydis outside Egypt, Hungary, and India. This geographical expansion of the pathogen will eventually affect the maize breeding programs for southern Europe. Reference: (1) A. S. Samra et al. Phytopathology 53:402, 1963.

scholarly journals THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTER AND POTENTIAL YIELD OF 17’S GENOTYPE OF MAIZE

Agrivet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafri Yuranto ◽  
Basuki Basuki ◽  
Lagiman Lagiman
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Agronomic Character ◽  
Traditional Variety ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of crops that source of carbohydrate than rice. The maize production needs to production goal. The problems is traditional variety haved low yield. This study aims to determine the agronomic character and potential yield of several hybrids maize.. The research method used was randomized completely block design was repeated 3 times. The treatment factor namely hybrid maize genotype. The data obtained were analyzed in theirs diversities by using variace at 5 % level, if there were significant difference, continued by using the least significant increase at 5% level to compared of variety tester. The results shows that hybrid maize genotypes, G2KPW-43, G2KPW-45, and G2KPW-48 haved superiorities in agronomic character and higher potential yield.Key words: genotypes, potential yield, maize

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Biofortifying The Maize Grain

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Cömertpay ◽  
Faheem Shehzad Baloch ◽  
Halil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Maize Grain

The maize germplasm variation is valuable for breeders to develop elite hybrids with increased mineral contents in the maize grain to eliminate mineral malnutrition, which is referred as HIDEN HUNGER. Therefore, we aimed to determine mineral element diversity of maize landraces collected from different geographical regions of Turkey. There was huge diversity for all mineral traits and other quality traits. Turkish maize landraces showed high variation for Zn (17-41.34 mg kg-1), Fe (13.52-29.63 mg kg-1), Cu (0.77-3.34 mg kg-1), Mn (5.68-14.78 mg kg-1), Protein (6.6-11.6%), starch content (73.3-80.0%), oil content (3.15-4.7%) and thousand grain weight (177.0-374.9g). There were significant positive and negative associations among mineral elements and quality traits. The principal component analysis differentiated some maize landraces from the rest, and these diverse landraces could be used in the maize breeding program with biofortification purpose.

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