scholarly journals АЛЕЛЬНИЙ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМ СИСТЕМИ HLA У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНУ МІЄЛОЇДНУ ЛЕЙКЕМІЮ З е13а2 та е14а2 ТРАНСКРИПТАМИ ГЕНА BCR/ABL1

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
O. O. Dmytrenko ◽  
I. V. Dmytrenko ◽  
Zh. M. Minchenko ◽  
I. S. Diahil
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Associative Relation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Association Coefficients ◽  
The Individual

To study the associative relation of polymorphic HLA gene variants and BCR/ABL1 transcript types in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 87 CML patients were examined. 42 patients had e13a2 BCR/ABL1 transcript and 45 patients had e14a2 BCR/ABL1 transcript. The prevalence of the genes allelic variants of major histocompatibility complex was analyzed and the association coefficients for the disease risk depending on the presence of certain types of BCR/ABL1 transcripts were calculated. Unconditional markers of increased risk of CML (HLA-DRB1*11) and markers of resistance to CML (HLA-A*03) were highlighted. The allele frequencies of HLA-A*03, HLA-A*68, HLA-B*08, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-DRB1*04, DQB1*06 were significantly reduced and allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*12 and DRB1*11 were increased in patients with the e13a2 transcript compared to healthy people. The allele frequencies of HLA-A*03, HLA-A*11, HLA-B*08, HLA-B*14, HLA-B*40, HLA-DRB1*04 and DQB1* 03 were significantly reduced and the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 was significantly increased in patients with e14a2 transcript compared to healthy persons. Thus, the individual analysis of the complex of fusion proteins e13a2 and e14a2 and HLA alleles in CML patients could indicate the additive effect of both molecular structures joint carrier for CML developing risk.

scholarly journals The role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Immunobiology of Self-Aromas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Mariana C Cavalheiro Magri ◽  
Adele Caterino de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
The Individual

The authors present a review of the immunobiological mechanism of olfaction considering current and relevant information about the odors released by vertebrate organisms, and its association with the immune system. Many theories concerning to the type and the quality of the molecular structures of odors or aromas have been proposed, but the most important are the steric theory of odor and the vibration theory of odor. Several techniques based on brain activities have been studied in association with sensorial processes, and they were particularly important to evaluate the physiologycal effects of odors. Molecules of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) have been identified in individual body odors (odortype), and volatile compounds of the MHC were easily detected in the urine of mice. The major relevant studies related to the Olfactory Receptors (ORs) and the MHC were conducted in mice models, and these studies demonstrated that the odortype has an important role in the partner choice, as well as in the relationship between mothers and their offsprings. A sensorial gas apparatus called “eletronic nose” has been used as an instrument capable of detecting molecules of the MHC in the odortypes. In conclusion, the diversity of self-aromas or odortypes seems to be generated in the context of the MHC, and consequently varies according to the genetic background of the individual. In spite of several controversies among scientists concerning to the immunobiology of the aromas, mostly in human beings, we could hypothesize that similar types of odors could influence the human choice. Future studies are necessary to clarify and confirm these findings in human beings.

scholarly journals Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease With Recurrence and in Multiples: Towards a Better Understanding of GBS Late-Onset Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Freudenhammer ◽  
Konstantinos Karampatsas ◽  
Kirsty Le Doare ◽  
Fabian Lander ◽  
Jakob Armann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common intestinal colonizer during the neonatal period, but also may cause late-onset sepsis or meningitis in up to 0.5% of otherwise healthy colonized infants after day 3 of life. Transmission routes and risk factors of this late-onset form of invasive GBS disease (iGBS) are not fully understood. Cases of iGBS with recurrence (n=25) and those occurring in parallel in twins/triplets (n=32) from the UK and Ireland (national surveillance study 2014/15) and from Germany and Switzerland (retrospective case collection) were analyzed to unravel shared (in affected multiples) or fixed (in recurrent disease) risk factors for GBS disease. The risk of iGBS among infants from multiple births was high (17%), if one infant had already developed GBS disease. The interval of onset of iGBS between siblings was 4.5 days and in recurrent cases 12.5 days. Disturbances of the individual microbiome, including persistence of infectious foci are suggested e.g. by high usage of perinatal antibiotics in mothers of affected multiples, and by the association of an increased risk of recurrence with a short term of antibiotics [aOR 4.2 (1.3-14.2), P=0.02]. Identical GBS serotypes in both recurrent infections and concurrently infected multiples might indicate a failed microbiome integration of GBS strains that are generally regarded as commensals in healthy infants. The dynamics of recurrent GBS infections or concurrent infections in multiples suggest individual patterns of exposure and fluctuations in host immunity, causing failure of natural niche occupation.

Family Environment and Its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression: A Study on Heart Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Meena Jain ◽  
Saloni Chandalia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

This research paper deals with the Family Environment and its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression level among persons with Heart Disease. There had been a number of researches that investigated that ischemic heart disease patients who suffer significant anxiety have close to a 5-fold increased risk of experiencing frequent angina and those with depression have more than a 3-fold increased risk for these episodes. This observed link between psychiatric symptoms and angina underlines the importance of treating anxiety and depression in cardiac patients, according to study co author Dr Mark D Sullivan (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle). To gather the needed data, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Becks Depression Inventory were used. As stated from literatures, for people with heart dysfunction, depression and anxiety can increase the risk of an adverse cardiac event such as a heart attack or blood clots. For people who do not have heart disease, depression and anxiety can also increase the risk of a heart attack and development of coronary artery disease. Researchers have also emphasized on the role of family psychosocial environment and its positive association with the Coronary Heart Disease risk.

Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Disorders: A Better Night’s Sleep for a Healthier Heart / From Bench to Bedside

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora A. Manolis ◽  
Antonis A. Manolis ◽  
Evdoxia J. Apostolopoulos ◽  
Helen Melita ◽  
Antonis S. Manolis
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

: Sleep is essential to and an integral part of life and when lacking or disrupted, a multitude of mental and physical pathologies ensue, including cardiovascular (CV) disease, which increases health care costs. Several prospective studies and meta-analyses show that insomnia, short (<7h) or long (>9h) sleep and other sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, CV disease risk and/or mortality. The mechanisms by which insomnia and other sleep disorders lead to increased CV risk may encompass inflammatory, immunological, neuro-autonomic, endocrinological, genetic and microbiome perturbations. Guidelines are emerging that recommend a target of >7 h of sleep for all adults >18 years for optimal CV health. Treatment of sleep disorders includes cognitive-behavioral therapy considered the mainstay of non-pharmacologic management of chronic insomnia, and drug treatment with benzodiazepine receptor agonists binding to gamma aminobutyric acid type A (benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine agents) and some antidepressants. However, observational studies and meta-analyses indicate an increased mortality risk of anxiolytics and hypnotics, although bias may be involved due to confounding and high heterogeneity in these studies. Nevertheless, it seems that the risk incurred by the non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents (Z drugs) may be relatively less than the risk of anxiolytics, with evidence indicating that at least one of these agents, zolpidem, may even confer a lower risk of mortality in adjusted models. All these issues are herein reviewed.

The Need for Personalized Risk-Stratified Approaches to Treatment for Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamil D. Cooray ◽  
Jacqueline A. Boyle ◽  
Georgia Soldatos ◽  
Shakila Thangaratinam ◽  
Helena J. Teede
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Prediction Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personalized Risk

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the prevailing one-size-fits-all approach that treats all women with GDM as having equivalent risk needs revision, given the clinical heterogeneity of GDM, the limitations of a population-based approach to risk, and the need to move beyond a glucocentric focus to address other intersecting risk factors. To address these challenges, we propose using a clinical prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes to guide risk-stratified approaches to treatment tailored to the individual needs of women with GDM. This will allow preventative and therapeutic interventions to be delivered to those who will maximally benefit, sparing expense, and harm for those at a lower risk.

scholarly journals Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

scholarly journals Resolving Entangled JH-H-Coupling Patterns for Steroidal Structure Determinations by NMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Danni Wu ◽  
Kathleen Joyce Carillo ◽  
Jiun-Jie Shie ◽  
Steve S.-F. Yu ◽  
Der-Lii M. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Synthetic Steroids ◽  
The Individual

For decades, high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy has been routinely utilized to analyze both naturally occurring steroid hormones and synthetic steroids, which play important roles in regulating physiological functions in humans. Because the 1H signals are inevitably superimposed and entangled with various JH–H splitting patterns, such that the individual 1H chemical shift and associated JH–H coupling identities are hardly resolved. Given this, applications of thess information for elucidating steroidal molecular structures and steroid/ligand interactions at the atomic level were largely restricted. To overcome, we devoted to unraveling the entangled JH–H splitting patterns of two similar steroidal compounds having fully unsaturated protons, i.e., androstanolone and epiandrosterone (denoted as 1 and 2, respectively), in which only hydroxyl and ketone substituents attached to C3 and C17 were interchanged. Here we demonstrated that the JH–H values deduced from 1 and 2 are universal and applicable to other steroids, such as testosterone, 3β, 21-dihydroxygregna-5-en-20-one, prednisolone, and estradiol. On the other hand, the 1H chemical shifts may deviate substantially from sample to sample. In this communication, we propose a simple but novel scheme for resolving the complicate JH–H splitting patterns and 1H chemical shifts, aiming for steroidal structure determinations.

scholarly journals Discoloration of Historical Plastic Objects: New Insight into the Degradation of β-Naphthol Pigment Lakes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2278
Author(s):  
Anna Micheluz ◽  
Eva Mariasole Angelin ◽  
João Almeida Lopes ◽  
Maria João Melo ◽  
Marisa Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Organic Pigment ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Historical Samples

Light is a determining factor in the discoloration of plastics, and photodegradation processes can affect the molecular structures of both the polymer and colorants. Limited studies focused on the discoloration of heritage plastics in conservation science. This work investigated the discoloration of red historical polyethylene (PE) objects colored with PR 48:2 and PR 53:1. High-density and low-density PE reference polymers, neat pigment powders, and historical samples were assessed before and after accelerated photoaging. The applied methodology provided insight into the individual light-susceptibility of polyethylenes, organic pigment lakes, and their combined effect in the photoaging of historical plastic formulations. After light exposure, both PE references and historical samples yellowed, PR53:1 faded, and PR 48:2 darkened; however, both organic pigments faded severely in the historical samples. This highlights the role played by the plastic binder likely facilitating the pigment photofading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques—EGA-MS, PY-GC/MS, and TD-GC/MS—were successfully employed for characterizing the plastic formulations and degradation. The identification of phthalic compounds in both aged β-naphthol powders opens new venues for studies on their degradation. This work’s approach and analytical methods in studying the discoloration of historical plastics are novel, proving their efficacy, reliability, and potentiality.

scholarly journals The Evolving Field of Genetic Epidemiology: From Familial Aggregation to Genomic Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (12) ◽  
pp. 2069-2077
Author(s):  
Priya Duggal ◽  
Christine Ladd-Acosta ◽  
Debashree Ray ◽  
Terri H Beaty
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract The field of genetic epidemiology is relatively young and brings together genetics, epidemiology, and biostatistics to identify and implement the best study designs and statistical analyses for identifying genes controlling risk for complex and heterogeneous diseases (i.e., those where genes and environmental risk factors both contribute to etiology). The field has moved quickly over the past 40 years partly because the technology of genotyping and sequencing has forced it to adapt while adhering to the fundamental principles of genetics. In the last two decades, the available tools for genetic epidemiology have expanded from a genetic focus (considering 1 gene at a time) to a genomic focus (considering the entire genome), and now they must further expand to integrate information from other “-omics” (e.g., epigenomics, transcriptomics as measured by RNA expression) at both the individual and the population levels. Additionally, we can now also evaluate gene and environment interactions across populations to better understand exposure and the heterogeneity in disease risk. The future challenges facing genetic epidemiology are considerable both in scale and techniques, but the importance of the field will not diminish because by design it ties scientific goals with public health applications.

scholarly journals CMV reactivation after allogeneic HCT and relapse risk: evidence for early protection in acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 1316-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Green ◽  
Wendy M. Leisenring ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Roland B. Walter ◽  
Marco Mielcarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Early Relapse ◽  
Relapse Risk ◽  
Allogeneic Hct ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Cmv Reactivation ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Key Points CMV reactivation after HCT is associated with a reduced risk of early relapse in patients with AML but not other disease groups. The benefit, however, is offset by an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality.

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