scholarly journals https://acgpubs.org/doc/20220107214746A3-RAFC-2107-2149.pdf

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ayşenur Denizkara ◽  
İlker Atik ◽  
Azize Atik ◽  
Gökhan Akarca
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

In this study, antibacterial and antifungal properties of four medlar extracts obtained using four different solvents, ethanol, methanol, acetone and water, were investigated. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial effects of the extracts. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined. The antibacterial effect of the pure water extract of medlar on S. aureus bacteria was found to be high (11.46 mm). In addition, the MIC and MBC values of the pure water extract were determined as 35.15 and 23.39 µg/mL for S. aureus bacteria. When the antifungal effect was examined, the antifungal effect of the pure water extract of medlar against P. crysogenum was found to be high (14.00 mm). The MIC and MFC values of the pure water extract of medlar are 23.43 and 11.72 µg/mL for P. crysogenum, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the pure water extract had the highest antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ika Trisharyanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<em><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with  ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test,  phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.</span></em>

Preliminary Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts from Actinidia macrosperma

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 1200-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Lu ◽  
Yun Peng Zhao ◽  
Cheng Xin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and aqueous successive extracts from the stems of Actinidia macrosperma C. F. Liang have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). General toxicity of these extracts has also been assessed by brine shrimp lethality assay. The chloroform extract exhibited the most significant antimicrobial (MIC in the range of 60–500μg/ml, MBC in the range of 150–1000μg/ml, MFC in the range of 170–600μg/ml) and cytotoxic activities (LC50=16.82μg/ml at 24 hours).

scholarly journals Anti-Shigellosis Activity of Cola anomala Water/Ethanol Pods Extract on Shigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Wambe ◽  
Paul Aimé Noubissi ◽  
Michel Archange Fokam Tagne ◽  
Angèle Foyet Fondjo ◽  
Gaëtan Olivier Fankem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

This study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of water/ethanol Cola anomala pods extract. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method; the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by agar dilution technique. In vivo, shigellosis was induced in healthy Wistar albino rats by oral administration of Shigella flexneri inoculum, 12 × 108 CFU/mL. At the onset of diarrhea, infected and normal control animals were subdivided into various groups treated with distilled water, with water/ethanol Cola anomala pods extract at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, or with ciprofloxacin, 2.5 mg/kg. After one-week treatment, rats were sacrificed, and blood and colon were collected. Blood was used for blood cell count. A portion of the colon served for histological studies while homogenate from the remaining part was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for the determination of NO, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. In vitro, water/ethanol Cola anomala pods extract showed to be bactericidal, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 3.0 mg/mL. In diarrheic rats, the extract significantly (P<0.01) increased the white blood cells and significantly (P<0.01) decreased stool Shigella density from the first to the seventh day of treatment. It partially restored the structure of eroded intestine epithelium and prevented weight loss; the dose dependently and significantly (P<0.001) decreased NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α production in the colon and was found to have no significant effect on PGE2 production. These results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments.

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Zarwinda ◽  
Fauziah Fauziah ◽  
Shara Shevalinda ◽  
Dwi Putri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Training And Education

Startfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one the kind of plant that is widely used as a traditional herbal medicineto overcome various diseases i.e. diabetes mellitus, cough, rheumatism, thrush, diabetes, toothache, acne, etc. The secondary metabolites of the starfruit leaves contain flavonoids and tannins, whereby these activecompounds can be used as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the inhibiting power of starfruit leaf ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research was conducted at the  AKAFARMA Laboratory and the Chemistry Laboratory , Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University from June to July 2020. The research method was laboratory experimental using the disk diffusion method. The population of starfruit leaves was obtained from Lhokseumawe  using a purposive sampling technique. Ethanol extract of starfruit leaves with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract  from the starfruit leaves at  concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% were 15 mm, 12 mm, 11 mm and 10 mm, respectively. It can be concluded that  ethanol extract of starfruit leaves can inhibit the growth  of  Staphylococcus  epidermidis  with  a  maximum inhibitory concentration  of  100%,  which is classified  as a strong category.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE AND CANDIDA ALBICANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Titik Taufikurohmah ◽  
Tasha Anandya Tantyani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This Research on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albincas fungi has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antifungal activity against Candida albincas. Synthesis Nanosilver uses bottom up method and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Nanosliver concentrations used were 30, 40, 50, and 60 ppm. Antibacterial and antifungal activity tests using disk diffusion method. Observations obtained in form of the presence or absence of clear zones formed around paper discs indicate the inhibition of nanosilver on microbial growth. The results of testing the antifungal activity of Candida albicans on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm resulted in clear zones of 9.73 nm, 11.46 nm, 11.93 nm, and 13 nm with fungal inhibition response categories is medium and strong. The results antibacterial activity test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm did not show any clear zone around the disc, it showed that nanosilver in this study did not have antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) LEAVES

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
REKHA TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine various extracts of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia against some test bacteria and test fungi. Methods: Disk diffusion method was adopted for the assessment of antimicrobial activity. Amikacin and nystatin were used as standard drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Results: The screening data indicated that all four extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of this bacteria was inhibited the most by the aqueous extract. In the case of antifungal efficacy, all the extracts inhibited the growth of almost all the test fungi. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts showed maximum efficacy against Aspergillus flavus, whereas methanolic extract and aqueous extract inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola significantly. Conclusion: Different extracts of leaves of H. integrifolia were significantly active against selected test fungi and they can be a harmless alternative of expensive conventional medicines.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Echinodorus grandiflorus Crude Extract of the Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Carla Indianara Bonetti ◽  
Mariana Dalmagro ◽  
Juliana Cristhina Friedrich ◽  
Douglas Rossi Jesus ◽  
Mariana Moraes Pinc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Echinodorus grandiflorus has pharmacological properties due to its secondary metabolism, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antihypertensive, and cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude extract of E. grandiflorus form its leaves. In the analysis of the phytochemical profile, qualitative tests were performed to identify tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, polysaccharides, and coumarins. Antimicrobial tests were performed using the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 96-well microplates, using hydroalcoholic crude extract obtained by maceration in the proportions 1:5 and 1:10. The higher content of crude extract was observed by maceration 1:5 (3.26%). In phytochemical tests, the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins was detected. The microbial strains evaluated were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract has not apparent against the tested organisms. It is concluded that the crude extract present several phytochemical, however did not show antimicrobial activity, and furthermore studies should be carried out researching isolated chemical compounds and the antimicrobial activity leaves crude extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus plant.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance of Maltose-Negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African Dairy Herds

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Joanne Karzis ◽  
Inge-Marié Petzer ◽  
Edward F. Donkin ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
Eric M.C. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Milk Samples

Antibiotic resistance has been reported since the 1940s in both human and veterinary medicine. Many years of monitoring milk samples in South Africa led to identification of a novel maltose-negative Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain, which appears to be an emerging pathogen. In this study, the susceptibility of this strain to antibiotics was evaluated over time, during diverse seasons in various provinces and according to somatic cell count (SCC) categories. A data set of 271 maltose-negative S. aureus isolates, from milk samples of 117 dairy herds, was examined using the disk diffusion method, between 2010 and 2017. This study also compared the susceptibility testing of 57 maltose-negative and 57 maltose-positive S. aureus isolated from 38 farms, from three provinces using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC results for the maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (47.4) and lowest resistance (1.8%) to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. The maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed overall significantly increased antibiotic resistance compared to the maltose-positive strains, as well as multidrug resistance. Producers and veterinarians should consider probability of cure of such organisms (seemingly non-chronic) when adapting management and treatment, preventing unnecessary culling.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against SelectedFusariumspp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muthee Gakuubi ◽  
Angeline W. Maina ◽  
John M. Wagacha
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against fiveFusariumspp. commonly associated with maize.The essential oil had been extracted by steam distillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus from leaves ofE. camaldulensisand their chemical composition characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Poisoned food technique was used to determine the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test pathogens. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of the EO was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The most abundant compounds identified in the EO were 1,8-cineole (16.2%),α-pinene (15.6%),α-phellandrene (10.0%), and p-cymene (8.1%). The EO produced complete mycelial growth inhibition in all the test pathogens at a concentration of 7-8 μL/mL after five days of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test fungi were in the range of 7-8 μL/mL and 8–10 μL/mL, respectively. These findings confirm the fungicidal properties ofE. camaldulensisessential oils and their potential use in the management of economically importantFusariumspp. and as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides.

scholarly journals Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Piron ◽  
Jessica Pastour ◽  
Niklas Tysklind ◽  
Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽  
Fabienne Priam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

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