scholarly journals Linguistic basis for the general theory of the linguistic consciousness

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Basis

The paper discusses the theoretical and methodological prerequisites for the creation of a general theory of linguistic consciousness, including a set of experiments capable of testing it and possibly of verifying the validity of some of its points. The main idea of such a theory of linguistic consciousness is a parallel and interconnected analysis of external (social) and internal (personal) factors in their way to impact language which must be viewed from the anthropocentric perspective. A general theory of linguistic consciousness should incorporate: 1. a theory of language as an individual phenomenon, as a group one and as an abstract scientific semiotic system; 2. universal methods of describing any aspects and forms of existence of an object; 3. principles from which the phenomenological properties of the object and the methodological characteristics of the theory are deduced. The provisions of the theory and the underlying experimental research will allow us to determine how the internal (emotions, values, etc.) and external (age, profession, etc.) conditions will cause changes of the word meanings and of their interconnections.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AIMED AT DISORGANIZING THE ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTIONS THAT PROVIDE ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY, AND THOSE WHO ARE CONVICTED OF COMMITTING THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Ольга Рениславовна Родионова
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
The Creation

В настоящее время создание безопасных условий исполнения и отбывания уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы, укрепление защищенности сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений от возможных угроз и опасных посягательств является одной из актуальных задач, стоящих перед уголовно-исполнительной системой. Данная ситуация сложилась в результате современной государственной политики в сфере противодействия преступности, а именно гуманизации наказания, что привело к изменению количественного и качественного состава осужденных, отбывающих наказание в местах лишения свободы, и осложнило оперативную обстановку. В статье отмечается, что несмотря на незначительное количество действий, дезорганизующих работу исправительного учреждения, в структуре пенитенциарной преступности, данные деликты имеют повышенную общественную опасность, так как совершаются в период отбывания наказания, и высокую латентность в силу как объекта (основного, дополнительного и факультативного), так и способа посягательства. Признавая криминологические данные основой для выработки мер противодействия преступности, в том числе пенитенциарной, авторы исследуют показатели одного из видов преступлений, совершаемых в исправительных колониях, - дезорганизация деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, а также личность преступника. Проведенное исследование позволило дать криминологическую характеристику преступлений, направленных на дезорганизацию деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, в частности, исправительных учреждений, а также определить особенности личности осужденных, их совершающих. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке теории преступного поведения и личности преступника, в частности, пенитенциарного. Currently, the creation of safe conditions for the execution and serving of criminal sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, strengthening the protection of prison staff from possible threats and dangerous attacks is one of the urgent tasks facing the penal system. This situation has developed as a result of modern state policy in the field of combating crime, namely, the humanization of punishment, which has led to a change in the quantitative and qualitative composition of convicts serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, and has complicated the operational situation. The article notes that despite the small number of actions that disorganize the work of a correctional institution, in the structure of penitentiary crime, these torts have an increased public danger, since they are committed during the period of serving a sentence, and high latency due to both the object (both the main and optional) and the method of encroachment. Recognizing criminological data as the basis for developing measures to counteract crime, including penitentiary, the authors study indicators of one of the types of crimes committed in correctional colonies - disorganization of institutions that provide isolation from society, as well as the identity of the criminal. The research made it possible to give criminological characteristics of crimes aimed at disorganizing the activities of institutions that provide isolation from society, in particular correctional institutions, as well as to determine the personality of the convicted person who commits them.The results of the study can be used in the development of a General theory of criminal behavior and the personality of the criminal, and the penitentiary in particular.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PBL MELALUI PEMBUATAN TAMAN RUMPUT PADA MATERI LINGKARAN DI KELAS VIII

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dian Septa Novari ◽  
Indah Widyaningrum ◽  
Widiawati W.
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Pbl Model

This study aims to determine 1) the student's activity during the implementation of PBL models and 2) student learning outcomes after the implementation of PBL models through the creation of grass park on the material circle in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pagaralam. This research is an experimental research category one shot case study involving 32 students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pagaralam. The results showed that the activity of students during the loading applied to the model PBL through grass park is categorized as very active seen from the activity of visual, verbal, listening, metrics, and writing. While student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model through the creation of grass park are categorized very well as indicated by the average value of students. Thus, the PBL model is very suitable for use in mathematics, especially in the area of a circle of matter.

scholarly journals Análise crítica da teoria dos direitos humanos na obra de Michel Villey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rabay Guerra ◽  
Henrique Jerônimo Bezerra Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Theory ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Intrinsic Contradiction ◽  
Do So

RESUMOEste artigo tem por objeto a Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey. Seu objetivo é apresentar uma contestação à alegação de Michel Villey de que os direitos humanos não podem ser considerados Direito. Para tanto, realiza uma apresentação da Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey, passando pela criação dos direitos humanos em Thomas Hobbes, a inversão de objetivos dos direitos humanos em John Locke e a expansão dos direitos humanos em Christian Wolff. Em seguida passa a apresentar a crítica de Michel Villey aos direitos humanos e as falhas deste autor ao realizar suas acusações, haja vista a possibilidade de solução das contradições (colisões) entre os direitos humanos, além de que não se pode confundir o critério de validade da norma com sua eficácia. O trabalho conclui pela juridicidade dos direitos humanos ao demonstrar que a suposta contradição não seria razão para retirar esta qualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEFilosofia do Direito. Direitos Humanos. Michel Villey. ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey. Its purpose is to present a challenge to Michel Villeys’ claim that human rights are not legal norms. To do so, the text presents the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey, including the creation of human rights by Thomas Hobbes, the changing perspective attributed to John Locke and the numerical expansion of human rights attributed to Christian Wolff. The text then presents Michel Villeys’ critics of human rights and the problems with those critics; specifically, that the given conflicts between norms aren’t sufficient to declare that they aren’t legal norms, other than that, the text points that in his critics Michel Villey confuses the concepts of validity of the norm with its effectiveness. The work concludes that human rights are legal norms and its supposed intrinsic contradiction is not sufficient to withdraw this quality.KEYWORDSPhilosophy of Law. Human Rights. Michel Villey.

scholarly journals Gender mistakes and inequality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bourg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex Categorization

In nearly every interaction, we sex categorize one another. This simple, unconscious, and ubiquitous act of categorizing someone as male or female has been shown to contribute to the creation and conservation of a variety of kinds of gender inequality. This dissertation examines the impact of gender mistakes – situations where an actor becomes aware that someone they assumed was male is female (or vice-versa) – on the behaviors and attitudes of the person who made the mistake. Results of this experimental research indicate that individuals who have mistakenly classified someone as the “wrong” sex, and interacted with that person on the basis of that mistake before learning of their mistake, are less likely to use sex as a basis for categorization in a subsequent situation. These results indicate that gender mistakes could contribute to a reduction in gender inequality through decreased individual reliance on sex categorization by those who have experienced a situation where they became aware of having sex categorized someone incorrectly.

Shamanism within a general theory of religious action (no cheesecake needed)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
General Term ◽  
Evolutionary Constraints ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Creation

AbstractSingh places the understanding of shamanism within the cognitive/evolutionary psychology of religion but is then sidetracked by presenting unhelpful analogies. The concepts of “superstition” as a general term for religious rituals and of “superstitious learning” as a mechanism accounting for the creation of rituals in humans reflect an underestimation of the human imagination, which is guided by cognitive/evolutionary constraints. Mentalizing, hypervigilance in agent detection, and anthropomorphism explain the behaviors involved in religious illusions (or delusions).

Instructional Technologies of the XXI Century

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Romanenko ◽  
Galina Vasil'evna
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Instructional Technologies ◽  
Final State ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Instructional Activity ◽  
Starting State ◽  
New Knowledge

The classical idea of an instructional process is to create some new knowledge, skills and abilities, so-called KSAs. If a student has a set of KSAs at the beginning of a learning process and if he or she has a new set of them at the end of a learning period we can say the instructional activity transforms the student from the starting state (state number 1) to the final state (state number 2). One can define such transformation as an effective action. It is possible to describe each action as a set of external impacts. In the case when this set is a series of standard actions, which usually give a predicted result, we can say it is a traditional education technology in so-called triad form: object number 1 transfers into object number 2. It is possible to present this in the form of a matrix equation. This equation is the main one in the general theory of technologies. The main idea of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of an instructional process based on mathematical descriptions, which was developed in the general theory of technologies.

Term in Author’s Publicism

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Kysliuk
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
The Status ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The article analyses the use of terms and the author’s terminology creation in texts of the journalistic style, in particular, based on the essays. The analysis involves texts by Yu. Shevelev, Ye. Sverstiuk, M. Ryabchuk. The verification of authorship is made by means of the corpus GRAC and the retrieval system Google. In the author’s journalism, the use of well-known terms and the creation of occasional units are observed. The rethinking and metaphorization of well-known socio-political terms are investigated. The tendency of acquiring the terminoids with the author’s neologisms with the prospect of entering the socio-political terminology system was revealed, in the context of the modern updating of social terminology. Occasional neologisms remain within the scope of the author’s text, since they are not created by the need to define a particular phenomenon or process, but primarily for the expression of the author’s assessment. The gradation scale according to correlation between generally accepted and authors’ terms in their functioning is developed: 1) the term as a unit of the terminology system; 2) transient / unstable unit (bi-directional dynamics): a) metaphorization of the term / semantic derivation and its determinism; b) the creation of an author’s term, the acquisition of the status of terminology and subsequent entry into the terminology system; 3) individual (occasional) terminological unit (created / interpreted by author).

Idiomaticity and functional variation: A case study of international amateur radio talk

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafydd Gibbon
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Amateur Radio ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Radio Talk

The linguistic domain of idiomaticity poses many problems for the study of language form, use, and variation. With selected aspects of idiomaticity as a starting point, I will attempt in this paper to develop a description of the use of idioms as a segment of a more general theory of language use. Evidence for this approach is drawn from international amateur radio talk (IART) in English.

From Maine de Biran to the ‘Motor Theory’ of speech

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Federico Albano Leoni ◽  
Francesca M. Dovetto
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
General Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

Summary The basic idea of the modern Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Liberman et al. 1963) is that “the perception of speech is tightly linked to the feedback from the speaker’s own articulatory movements”. In this paper we try to show how the same idea was already formulated by the French philosopher Maine de Biran (1805) and taken up in the second half of the 19th century by psychologists (like Steinthal) and linguists (like Kruszewski and Paul). However, whereas in the 19th century the articulatory point of view was not only dominant, but also the only one incorporated in a general theory of language, in the 20th century the articulatory perspective is supplemented by the acoustic one (cf. Malmberg 1967). This was only hinted at by Ferdinand de Saussure in the Cours, but fully expressed in Jakobson & Halle (1956). In this respect, Liberman’s Motor Theory is to be considered much less original than it has been claimed.

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