ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are plants that can be used as raw materials for traditional medicine, which if it consumed will increase immunity. Indonesian medicinal plants have a high contribution to world drug production. North Sumatra is one of the provinces producing a variety of traditional medicinal plants. There are 63.10% of Indonesian people choose self-medication and there are 21.41% of them take traditional medicine and 3.96% do other treatments. In less than 6 years from 2000 to 2006 there was an increase of the traditional medicine utilization reach of 23.10%. This fact shows that traditional medicinal plants have a strong potential in improving the economy of North Sumatra Province. This study aims to determine (1) the development of traditional medicinal plant production, (2) the form of consumption of traditional medicinal plants, (3) the trade of traditional medicinal plants in North Sumatra, (4) the relationship between the exchange rate and the amount of exports of traditional medicinal plants. The research was carried out by literature study and quantitative approach study. The population and sample study was the people who use medicinal plant and traditional medicine in the province of Sumatra. The study also used secondary data from various sources about the use of traditional medicinal plants. The results of the study revealed that (1) Production of traditional medicinal plants (ginger, galangal, kencur, turmeric, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, cucumber, cardamom, Noni, crown of the gods, kejibeling, bitter and aloe vera) in North Sumatra Province from 2013-2017 were very fluctuatif (2) Consumption of traditional medicinal plants in the North Sumatra province from 2013-2017 has increased and the consumption was vary as follows of: traditional medicine ingredients and as raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, industry of traditional medicinal plants and microbusiness of medicinal plants traditional, (3) trade in traditional medicinal plants in the province of North Sumatra carried out between districts, provinces and international (export) (4) There is no relationship between international trade in medicinal plants with the exchange rate of the rupiah. Keywords: traditional medicinal plants, trade, consumption, exchange rates, exports
ABSTRAK
Tanaman obat merupakan tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional, yang bila dikonsumsi akan meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Tanaman obat Indonesia memiliki kontribusi yang tinggi terhadap produksi obat dunia. Sumatera Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi penghasil aneka ragam tanaman obat tradisional. Data menyebutkan bahwa 63,10% masyarakat Indonesia memilih pengobatan sendiri, sebanyak 21,41% melakukan pengobatan tradisional dan 3,96% melakukan pengobatan lain. Dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2000 sampai 2006 terjadi peningkatan penggunaan obat tradisional sebanyak 23,10%. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perkembangan produksi tanaman obat tradisional, (2) bentuk konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di Sumatera Utara dan (4) hubungan antara nilai kurs dengan jumlah ekspor tanaman obat tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan kuantitatif. Populasi dan sampel penelitian merupakan masyarakat yang melakukan pengobatan secara tradisional di berbagai kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan juga menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber terkait penggunaan tanaman obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Produksi tanaman obat tradisional (jahe, lengkuas, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, dringgo, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto dan lidah buaya) di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun 2013-2017 (2) Konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2013-2017 dan konsumsi dilakukan dalam bentuk ramuan oleh masyarakat serta dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk industri farmasi, industri tanaman obat tradisional dan usaha mikro tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di provinsi Sumatera Utara dilakukan antar kabupaten, provinsi dan internasional (ekspor) (4) Tidak ada hubungan antara perdagangan tanaman obat secara internasional dengan nilai kurs rupiah.
Kata kunci: tanaman obat tradisional, perdagangan, konsumsi, kurs, ekspor
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