Measurement of the Transverse Size of the Eyeball by B-Scanning Using a Linear Probe

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I.E. Aznauryan ◽  
◽  
A.A. Shpak ◽  
V.O. Balasanyan ◽  
M.I. Uzuev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Software System ◽  
Transverse Size ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reproducibility Limit

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of measuring the transverse size of the eyeball by B-scan with a linear probe in patients with horizontal strabismus. Material and Methods. The study included 56 children (56 eyes) aged 2 to 15 years with previously not operated horizontal strabismus. Two independent operators used B-scan method to measure the axial length (for comparison with A-scan data) and the transverse size of the eyeball according to the proposed method. The accuracy of measurements was estimated by calculating the reproducibility limit, and indirectly by the forecast accuracy of the software system STRABO, which used the obtained values of the transverse size of the eyeball for individual dosing operations. Results. The B-scan technique was developed for measuring the transverse size of the eyeball using a contact linear probe. The measurement reproducibility limit was 0.22 mm (95% confidence interval is 0.18–0.25 mm), which does not exceed 1% of the average transverse size of the eyeball (22.03 mm). The results of the operations confirmed the accuracy of the prediction by the software system STRABO, since the correct eye position was obtained within 6 months in all cases, excluding 4 patients in whom the second stage of the surgery was postponed. That gave an indirect confirmation of the measurement accuracy of the transverse size of the eyeball using the proposed technique. Conclusion. The proposed ultrasound B-scan technique with a linear contact probe provides high accuracy and reproducibility of measurements of the transverse size of the eyeball and can be used in pediatric ophthalmological practice for calculating surgical procedures for strabismus using the individual dosing software system STRABO. Key words: transverse size of the eyeball, axial length, ultrasound B-scan, linear probe, horizontal strabismus, dosing.

scholarly journals Seeking Consensus: A New Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 4402-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Roebber
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Consensus Forecasts ◽  
Temperature Forecast ◽  
Model Output Statistics ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Simulated evolution is used to generate consensus forecasts of next-day minimum temperature for a site in Ohio. The evolved forecast algorithm logic is interpretable in terms of physics that might be accounted for by experienced forecasters, but the logic of the individual algorithms that form the consensus is unique. As a result, evolved program consensus forecasts produce substantial increases in forecast accuracy relative to forecast benchmarks such as model output statistics (MOS) and those from the National Weather Service (NWS). The best consensus produces a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.98°F on an independent test dataset, representing a 27% improvement relative to MOS. These results translate to potential annual cost savings for electricity production in the state of Ohio of the order of $2 million relative to the NWS forecasts. Perfect forecasts provide nearly $6 million in additional annual electricity production cost savings relative to the evolved program consensus. The frequency of outlier events (forecast busts) falls from 24% using NWS to 16% using the evolved program consensus. Information on when busts are most likely can be provided through a logistic regression equation with two variables: forecast wind speed and the deviation of the NWS minimum temperature forecast from persistence. A forecast of a bust is 4 times more likely to be correct than wrong, suggesting some utility in anticipating the most egregious forecast errors. Discussion concerning the probabilistic applications of evolved programs, the application of this technique to other forecast problems, and the relevance of these findings to the future role of human forecasting is provided.

scholarly journals Methodological scheme for ranking interval expert estimates of the territories hydrocarbon potential

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Popov ◽  
Oleksandr Zaitsev ◽  
Iryna Piestova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Software System ◽  
Interval Estimates ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit ◽  
Interval Valued

The problem of priorities establishing for expert interval-valued estimations when experts hold the opposite opinion is considered. The whole group of expert estimates is subdivided into subgroups, first of which provides the probability of the deposit presence, and the second one provides the probability of deposit missing. A ranking methodology for interval expert estimates of the territories’ hydrocarbon potential, consisting of two stages, is proposed. At the first stage, an estimates formed by two subgroups of experts are separately aggregated by optimization. Two aggregated interval estimates of the corresponding hypotheses probabilities are obtained as a result. In the second stage, a priority estimate is determined by comparing the results. A numerical example of the test territory evaluating for a hydrocarbon deposit presence was calculated. Interval-valued estimates by five experts were used in this example for the hypotheses of hydrocarbons presence/missing. Various metrics of the distance between interval values were used to calculate persistent minima of aggregating estimates. The results of the calculations indicate the hypothesis’ priority of a hydrocarbon deposit presence within the study area. The proposed methodology for ranking interval-valued expert estimates can be used in the “Geologist’s Computer Assistant” software system.The problem of priorities establishing for expert interval-valued estimations when experts hold the opposite opinion is considered. The whole group of expert estimates is subdivided into subgroups, first of which provides the probability of the deposit presence, and the second one provides the probability of deposit missing. A ranking methodology for interval expert estimates of the territories’ hydrocarbon potential, consisting of two stages, is proposed. At the first stage, an estimates formed by two subgroups of experts are separately aggregated by optimization. Two aggregated interval estimates of the corresponding hypotheses probabilities are obtained as a result. In the second stage, a priority estimate is determined by comparing the results. A numerical example of the test territory evaluating for a hydrocarbon deposit presence was calculated. Interval-valued estimates by five experts were used in this example for the hypotheses of hydrocarbons presence/missing. Various metrics of the distance between interval values were used to calculate persistent minima of aggregating estimates. The results of the calculations indicate the hypothesis’ priority of a hydrocarbon deposit presence within the study area. The proposed methodology for ranking interval-valued expert estimates can be used in the “Geologist’s Computer Assistant” software system.

The Signature of Modernity: Experiential Foundations of the Open Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Leidhold
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Stages

The open society and its complement, the open mind, are the foundations of modernity. On both the individual and social levels, openness results from the combination of four specific modes of experience. These modes have evolved in two stages: first in the time of Greek antiquity and later during Western modernity. In the first stage, the discovery of self-reflection occurred, and the noëtic turn emerged. As a result, both in political and intellectual life, methods gained priority over faith in sacred authorities. In the second stage, the discovery of creative imagination took place, and the turn to consciousness evolved. Creativity led to the innovative dynamics of modernity, and personal and collective identities developed from the turn to consciousness. The combination of these four modes of experience constitutes the signature of modernity, crystallizing in the intellectual and political discourse of modernity, and creating what we call a liberal society.

A Local Approach and Comparison with Other Data Mining Approaches in Software Application

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
QingE Wu ◽  
Weidong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Software System ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Software Aging ◽  
Optimum Approach ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In order to complete an online, real-time and effective aging detection to software, this paper studies a local approach that is also called a fuzzy incomplete and a statistical data mining approaches, and gives their algorithm implementation in the software system fault diagnosis. The application comparison of the two data mining approaches with four classical data mining approaches in software system fault diagnosis is discussed. The performance of each approach is evaluated from the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy rate, error classified rate, missed classified rate, and run-time. An optimum approach is chosen from several approaches to do comparative study. On the data of 1020 samples, the operating results show that the fuzzy incomplete approach has the highest sensitivity, the forecast accuracy that are 96.13% and 94.71%, respectively, which is higher than those of other approaches. It has also the relatively less error classified rate is or so 4.12%, the least missed classified rate is or so 1.18%, and the least runtime is 0.35s, which all are less than those of the other approaches. After the performance, indices are all evaluated and synthesized, the results indicate the performance of the fuzzy incomplete approach is best. Moreover, from the test analysis known, the fuzzy incomplete approach has also some advantages, such as it has the faster detection speed, the lower storage capacity, and does not need any prior information in addition to data processing. These results indicate that the mining approach is more effective and feasible than the old data mining approaches in software aging detection.

scholarly journals Smoothing Algorithm for Planar and Surface Mesh Based on Element Geometric Deformation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Sun ◽  
Minglei Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Gou
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Smoothing Algorithm ◽  
Surface Mesh ◽  
Polygonal Mesh ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Geometric Deformation ◽  
Error Metric ◽  
The Individual

Smoothing is one of the basic procedures for improvement of mesh quality. In this paper, a novel and efficient smoothing approach for planar and surface mesh based on element geometric deformation is developed. The presented approach involves two main stages. The first stage is geometric deformation of all the individual elements through a specially designed two-step stretching-shrinking operation (SSO), which is performed by moving the vertices of each element according to a certain rule in order to get better shape of the element. The second stage is to determine the position of each node of the mesh by a weighted average strategy according to quality changes of its adjacent elements. The suggested SSO-based smoothing algorithm works efficiently for triangular mesh and can be naturally expanded to quadrilateral mesh, arbitrary polygonal mesh, and mixed mesh. Combined with quadratic error metric (QEM), this approach may be also applied to improve the quality of surface mesh. The proposed method is simple to program and inherently very suitable for parallelization, especially on graphic processing unit (GPU). Results of numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of this method.

Validation of Reverse-Engineered and Additive-Manufactured Microsurgical Instrument Prototype

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Ashish Suri ◽  
Sneh Anand ◽  
Britty Baby
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Nerve Anastomosis ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Individual

With advancements in imaging techniques, neurosurgical procedures are becoming highly precise and minimally invasive, thus demanding development of new ergonomically aesthetic instruments. Conventionally, neurosurgical instruments are manufactured using subtractive manufacturing methods. Such a process is complex, time-consuming, and impractical for prototype development and validation of new designs. Therefore, an alternative design process has been used utilizing blue light scanning, computer-aided designing, and additive manufacturing direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) for microsurgical instrument prototype development. Deviations of DMLS-fabricated instrument were studied by superimposing scan data of fabricated instrument with the computer-aided designing model. Content and concurrent validity of the fabricated prototypes was done by a group of 15 neurosurgeons by performing sciatic nerve anastomosis in small laboratory animals. Comparative scoring was obtained for the control and study instrument. T test was applied to the individual parameters and P values for force ( P < .0001) and surface roughness ( P < .01) were found to be statistically significant. These 2 parameters were further analyzed using objective measures. Results depicts that additive manufacturing by DMLS provides an effective method for prototype development. However, direct application of these additive-manufactured instruments in the operating room requires further validation.

Measurements of Dimension and Morphology of Solid Particles Volume With Digital In-Line Holography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Recorded Hologram ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Individual Particles

Abstract Digital in-line holography (DIH) has been applied to measure the 3D position of objects in a variety of applications, including bubbles and droplets in multi-phase flows, tracking particles in turbulence flows, etc. In addition to the 3D position, the morphology and dimension of the individual particles can also be extracted from the recorded hologram. In this study, a lens-less digital in-line holography setup is applied to measure the morphology and size of three kinds of solid particles (Wollastonite Powder, Pearl Mica Powder and Solder Powder), whose sizes range from several to hundreds of micrometers. The statistics of equivalent diameter, aspect ratio and circularity are introduced to describe the morphology and dimension of each kind of particles. Microscopic images of the particles are taken to verify the accuracy of measurements with DIH. The results measured from DIH are in good agreements with results from microscopic images.

A Method for Forecasting the Condition of Several HPT Parts by Using Bayesian Belief Networks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Giesecke ◽  
Moritz Wehking ◽  
Jens Friedrichs ◽  
Matthias Binner
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Customer Segment ◽  
Engine Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Process

The competitive ability of jet engine maintenance companies depends mainly on turn around time and overhaul costs. Both airline and maintenance companies need the best possible accuracy regarding the prediction of emerging costs and time of engine maintenance process to secure their operation. Estimating the deterioration status of engine modules prior to disassembling is one of the greatest challenges for the maintenance process. In a pilot project a Bayesian belief network (BBN) has been developed to determine the deterioration condition of the General Electric CF6-80C2 first stage high pressure turbine (HPT) nozzle guide vane (NGV). The aim of this paper is to extend the used BBN techniques to the HPT first and second stage rotor blades and the second stage vanes. Thereby, its objective is to prove the successful application of the developed method for constructing a BBN for component hardware forecast. The BBN is composed of following parameters: component repair history, region, on-wing cycles, airfoil material, thrust rating, engine wing position and customer segment. Performing statistical data analysis and combining these parameters with expert knowledge result in component specific BBNs. These nets provide a moderate forecast accuracy of 59 percent for the first stage rotor blades, 65 percent for the second stage rotor blades and promising 89 percent for the second stage NGVs. The paper concludes that a BBN has very good qualities to forecast the hardware condition of HPT components impressively shown by virtue of the nozzles. Therefore, it is worth to transfer the developed method to other modules in order to accurately predict the degradation of the components in an unconventional way.

Die Ministererlaubnis für den Zusammenschluss von Unternehmen - ein Konflikt mit der Wettbewerbsordnung

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen J. Roth ◽  
Michael Voigtländer
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Secretary

AbstractOn 5. July 2002 State Secretary Dr. Alfred Tacke gave ministerial approval for the merger of E.ON and Ruhrgas. Previously both the German Cartel Office and the Monopoly Commission had voted against the fusion on the basis of feared restricted competition. According to paragraph 42 § of the GWB Law, the German Economics Ministry may revise the decision of the German Cartel Office, when in the individual case the restricted competition is balanced out by the overall economic advantages of the merger, or the fusion is justified by an overwhelming general interest.In this article it will be examined, whether there is really a conflict between competition policy and general interest. In the first stage the demands of a ministerial approval are defined from a proper political perspective. In the second stage it is examined whether in the actual process the presented common welfare grounds were tenable. It turns out as a result that the ministerial approval represents a violation of the independence of competition control.

scholarly journals Use of mobile applications assessing motor activity of patients after myocardial infarction for improving indicators of physical rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. L. Ponkin ◽  
O. V. Tsygankova ◽  
E. L. Fyodorova ◽  
Z. G. Bondareva
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minute Walk

Considering the widespread use of mobile phones, cellular communication systems wide coverage of the territory of the Russian Federation, the free or low cost of mobile applications for assessing motor activity, convenient interface and high accuracy of measurements of the apps; the usage of the modern technologies while involving underwent myocardial infarction patients into rehabilitation programs could increase the percentage of these programs participants and improve the results obtained during the implementation of the programs.Research goal. assessment of the impact of the usage of mobile applications, that could monitor the level of motor activity, on the results of a six-minute walk test (6 MWT) among the patients with myocardial infarction who were on the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation.Materials and methods. Materials and methods: 224 patients were examined: 99 (44.2 %) men and 125 (55.8 %) women aged 60.6 ± 11.5 years, who had had myocardial infarction from 6 days to 6 months ago (median 16 [10; 139] days), which passed the second stage of rehabilitation for 11.6 ± 1.4 days in the conditions of the specialized cardiology department of the Resort-hotel ‘Sosnovka’ (Berdsk, Russia). At the time of admission, in the middle of the rehabilitation course (on the 6th day) and before discharge (on the 12th day), a six-minute walk (6 MWT) test was performed (6 MWT1, 6 MWT2 and 6 MWT3, respectively). Changes in these parameters over time were estimated as the difference between the second and first 6 MWT, the third and first 6 MWT test results, and compared in two groups.Results obtained. The results of 6 MWT1 performed on admission of patients to the department did not differ between the two groups (F = 3.068; p = 0.81). 6 MWT2, conducted on average one week after the start of the second stage of the cardio-rehabilitation program revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (F = 21.758; p < 0.001), which became more visible when 6 MWT3 was conducted at the end of the second week in the department (F = 66.615; p < 0.001), indicating the advantages of the group using the mobile application.Conclusion. The active introduction of mobile applications into real clinical practice effectively, non-invasively, does not require additional financial investments from the health care system and personal time of the doctor, being a positive determinant of the preventive behavior of patients.

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