RELATIONSHIP OF HEMOBLASTOSIS INCIDENCE RATES WITH THE DENSITY OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION IN THE REGIONS OF BELARUS

Introduction. Sustainable development of territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster, require a number of managerial decisions, to reduce the level of radiophobia and psycho-emotional stress in society. Aim. To study the relationship between the indicators of the incidence of hemoblastosis with the density of contamination of territories with radioactive elements. Material and methods. An ecological population epidemiological study based on the calculation of the correlation coefficients of the incidence rates of hemoblastosis with the density of radioactive contamination. Results. There is no connection between the incidence of hemoblastosis and the density of radioactive contamination of territories. A statistically significant risk of multiple myeloma is observed in areas with a 137Cs contamination density of 1.0-4.99 Ci/km2. There was a statistically significant strong (r> 0.95) correlation between the crude incidence rate and standardized by age, sex and place of residence incidence ratio. The presence of strong correlations between these indicators give the possibility to use crude incidence rate instead of SIR in the analysis of morbidity by rayons. Conclusions. No correlation was found between the incidence of hemoblastosis and the density of radioactive contamination.

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Epidemiology of Clinical Hantavirus Infections in Barbados, 2008-2016

10.20944/preprints201907.0308.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kirk Osmond Douglas ◽

Thelma Alafia Samuels ◽

Marquita Gittens-St. Hilaire

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Seasonal Distribution ◽

Entire Population ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

English Speaking

Analysis of the demographic, temporal and seasonal distribution of hantavirus infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data for 861 laboratory confirmed cases during 2008-2016. The crude incidence rate of hantavirus infections varied from 5.05 to 100.16 per 100,000 persons per year. One major hantavirus epidemic occurred in Barbados during 2010. Hantavirus cases occurred throughout the year with low level transmission during the dry season (December to June) with increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) and a seasonal peak in August. Hantavirus incidence rates were significantly higher in females than males every year during the study period. More than 50% of hantavirus cases were 30 years of age or less. The highest incidence rate (63.36 cases per 100,000 population) was observed among patients 0–4 years of age. This represents the first epidemiological data for hantavirus disease among an entire population in the English-speaking Caribbean.

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1375Age-standardization to world population and under-estimation of oral cancer burden

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kishore Chaudhry ◽

Prashanti Bollu

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

International Agency ◽

World Population ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence

Abstract Background Age-standardization is common for adjustment of unequal population in different ages as it can influence cancer incidence. However, for planning healthcare services (including screening), one needs absolute magnitude since everyone needs intervention. This study assessed the effect of age-standardization on understanding the global differentials in magnitude of oral cancer. Methods Data on cancer incidence rates of oral cancers for 2008-2012, was obtained from the website of international agency for research on cancer for all 334 population-based cancer registries. Scatter plots were prepared between age-standardized and crude incidence rates to assess the ratio between them according to proportion of old people for all countries. Areas with high occurrence of oral cancer were identified. Results The ratio between age-standardized and crude incidence rate was >1 in countries with high proportion of older population (high-development-index countries), indicating an artificial widening of gap between incidence rates between countries due to age-standardization. Six areas had higher crude incidence rate among men than India. Based on the published estimates, the per-unit-population burden in Europe was 6.3% higher than India, while in USA it was merely 12.5% lower than India. Conclusions The perception of low burden of oral cancer in high-economy countries is artificial, brought about by common practice of age-standardization. Key messages Organization of oral cancer screening activities by countries with resources and expertise will provide much needed knowledge on its natural history and efficacy of control strategies.

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An Investigation of Cancer Rates in the Argentia Region, Newfoundland and Labrador: An Ecological Study

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2015/421562 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Pauline Duke ◽

Marshall Godwin ◽

Mandy Peach ◽

Jacqueline Fortier ◽

Stephen Bornstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Census Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Crude Rate ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence

Background. The Argentia region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, was home to a US naval base during a 40-year period between the 1940s and the 1990s. Activities on the base resulted in contamination of the soil and groundwater in the region with chemicals such as heavy metals and dioxins, and residents have expressed concern about higher rates of cancer in their community. This study investigated the rate of cancer diagnosis that is disproportionately high in the Argentia region.Methods. Cases of cancer diagnosed between 1985 and 2011 were obtained for the Argentia region, two comparison communities, and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates of cancer diagnosis were calculated and compared. The crude incidence rate was adjusted for differences in age demographics using census data, and age-standardized incidence rates were compared.Results. Although the Argentia region had a higher crude rate of cancer diagnosis, the age-standardized incidence rate did not differ significantly from the comparison communities or the provincial average. Argentia has an aging population, which may have influenced the perception of increased cancer diagnosis in the community.Conclusions. We did not detect an increased burden of cancer in the Argentia region.

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Population-based incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Puglia

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/0300891620931944 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030089162093194

Author(s):

Francesco Cuccaro ◽

Maria Giovanna Burgio Lo Monaco ◽

Ivan Rashid ◽

Lucia Bisceglia ◽

Enrico Caputo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

International Studies ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

European Standard Population

Introduction: This study presents the incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in an Italian region of over 4 million inhabitants monitored for 10 years and is the largest incidence study of this type of cancer conducted so far in Italy. Methods: In order to ensure the registration of all GISTs, including those with nonmalignant behavior, a cancer list was integrated with the cases found through an ad hoc data mining process that covered all the pathologic reports of Puglia. Case distributions by sex, age groups, site, and prognostic groups according to Miettinem and Lasota classification and crude and age-standardized incidence rates were produced. Results: In the 10-year period 2006 to 2015, 708 cases of GIST were recorded in Puglia. The average crude incidence rate was 1.7 per 100,000 person-years and the age-standardized incidence rate, using 2013 European standard population, was 1.8 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–1.9). Incidence was higher in men than in women: crude incidence rate was 2.0 per 100,000 person-years and age-standardized incidence rate 2.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 2.0–2.4) in men and 1.5 per 100,000 person-years and 1.4 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 1.2–1.6) in women. Discussion: Our incidence rates are comparable with those of other international studies and they are located in the medium to high end of the range. The comparisons are affected by a different capacity of the cancer registries to intercept and record GISTs with nonmalignant behavior. Distribution of cases for sex, age groups, sites, and prognostic risk groups are consistent with previous results.

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The Incidence of Symptomatic Urolithiasis in Royal Naval Submariners

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-74-86 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 86-94

Author(s):

P. I. Raffaelli

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Respective Rate

AbstractSubmariners are exposed to a number of environmental, dietary and behavioural factors thought to be associated with urolithiasis. A comparative study of the incidence rate in submariners and non-submariners over a seven year period was carried out.A total of 267 cases of uroli thias is resulting in illness of 48 hours or greater duration were recorded during the years 1979 to 1985 of which 251 were available for study. Thirty four were identified as submariners and 217 as non-submariners (94% successfully identified). The total person years at risk for the two groups were 45, 171 and 311, 619 respectively. The crude incidence rates, indirectly standardised incidence ratio, the indirectly standardised incidence rates and the relative risk were calculated. Although each respective rate was greater for submariners than that for non-submariners the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that this study has failed to identify an increased relative risk for submariners to develop symptomatic urolithiasis.

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Nationwide incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Japan: an exploratory descriptive study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (2011–2015)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e041104

Author(s):

Ai Kido ◽

Hiroshi Tamura ◽

Hanako Ohashi Ikeda ◽

Masahiro Miyake ◽

Shusuke Hiragi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

National Database ◽

Insurance Claims ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Health Insurance Claims

AimsThe latest evidence in the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is needed to support the development of novel treatments as orphan drugs. However, up-to-date information on the incidence of CRAO in the ageing or aged population is limited. We aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CRAO in Japan, using nationwide health insurance claims data.MethodsWe analysed a total of 16 069 762 claims data in the sampling dataset of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), which is the nationwide health insurance claims database of 127 million whole Japanese individuals. CRAO was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition diagnostic code H34.1. The crude incidence rates and age-standardised incidence rates of CRAO, according to the standard age-structure population of the WHO, were calculated.ResultsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO in Japan was 5.84 (95% CI, 5.71 to 5.97) per 100 000 person-years. With respect to the sex-related incidence, the rate was higher 1.40 times in men than in women (6.85 (95% CI, 6.65 to 7.06) vs 4.88 (95% CI, 4.71 to 5.05), p<0.001). The age-standardised incidence rate was 2.53 (95% CI, 2.29 to 2.76) per 100 000 person-years.ConclusionsThe crude incidence rate of CRAO was higher in Japan than in other countries, as reported previously, reflecting the Japanese population structure as a super-aged society. These findings can be helpful for the development of appropriate healthcare policies to address the increasing incidence of CRAO with the ageing population.

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Crude Incidence Rate of Malignancy after Kidney Transplantation

The Journal of the Korean Society for Transplantation ◽

10.4285/jkstn.2010.24.3.182 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyo Sun Kim ◽

Young Min Seo ◽

Ui Jun Park ◽

Hyoung Tae Kim ◽

Won Hyun Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence

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Lymphoma risks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological drugs—a Swedish cohort study of risks by time, drug and lymphoma subtype

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa330 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Hellgren ◽

Daniela Di Giuseppe ◽

Karin E Smedby ◽

Christer Sundström ◽

Johan Askling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Tnf Inhibitor ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Lymphoma Subtype ◽

Lymphoma Risk

Abstract Objectives To estimate the association between biological DMARDs (bDMARDs; overall and by drug) as used in RA and the risk of malignant lymphomas including subtypes. Methods By linking nationwide Swedish registers we identified cohorts of patients with RA initiating treatment with a bDMARD (n = 16 392), bDMARD-naïve (n = 55 253), an age- and sex-matched general population comparator cohort (n = 229 047), and all incident lymphomas 2001–16. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of lymphoma taking calendar period and other factors into account. Results There were 82 lymphomas among the bDMARD-treated patients with RA, crude incidence rate 76/100 000 person-years, and 310 lymphomas among the bDMARD-naïve patients with RA, crude incidence rate 90/100 000 person-years. This resulted in an adjusted HR (aHR) associated with bDMARD treatment (vs not) of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.41). The corresponding aHR for bDMARD-treated and bDMARD-naïve vs the general population was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.08) and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.37, 1.78) respectively. Restricting follow-up period to after 2006, the aHR of lymphoma for patients with RA starting a first bDMARD vs bDMARD-naïve was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.00), and for bDMARD treated vs patients with RA switching from one conventional synthetic DMARDs to another, aHR was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.73). There were no signals of different risks with any particular TNF inhibitor (TNFi) agent. We found no different lymphoma subtype pattern following bDMARD therapy. Conclusion Treatment with bDMARDs, including both TNFi and non-TNFi bDMARDs, does not further increase the lymphoma risk in RA; instead, bDMARD treatment may actually reduce the excess lymphoma risk in RA.

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TREND OF INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC CANCER IN SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.14738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamid Salehiniya ◽

Maryam Mohammadian ◽

Neda Mahdavifar

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Crude Incidence Rate ◽

Crude Incidence ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Registry System ◽

The World ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Sistan And Baluchestan

ABSTRACTObjective: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of death from cancers in the world and is known as the most deadlycancer in Iran. Since the knowledge about the epidemiological situation and the trend of incidence of this cancer is essential to plan for the preventionand treatment of cancer, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological status, the rate and the trend of gastric cancerincidence in Sistan and Baluchestan province.Methods: This study was conducted using existing data and data extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease ManagementCenter of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Age-Standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated using the world standardpopulation. The crude incidence rate was also computed. Cochran–Armitage test for linear trend was used for evaluation of the incidence trend.Results: The number of 255 cases of gastric cancer occurred in the study period that 188 cases were in men and 67 in women. Accordingly, theincidence of gastric cancer has had an ascending trend in Sistan and Baluchestan (p=0.00) and its incidence in men and women has changed to1.18 and 2.73 in 2004 to 1.84 and 4.48 in 2008, respectively. Furthermore, with ageing, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased in both sexes andits incidence was higher in men than women.Conclusion: The incidence of gastric cancer has an increasing trend in Sistan and Baluchestan, hence, etiological surveys and programs of earlydiagnosis are useful in this province to the reduce cancer.Keywords: Incidence, Gastric cancer, Iran, Epidemiology.

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Evaluating the Effect of Ethnicity on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): A Systematic Review

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.4714.4714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 4714-4714

Author(s):

Fatimah Al-Ani ◽

Yo-Liang Teng ◽

Alla Iansavichene ◽

Alejandro Lazo-Langner

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

American Indians ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Studies of hospital discharge data and large observational cohorts show that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies by race. We sought to determine the incidence of VTE in each of the following ethnic groups Caucasians, Africans, Asians, and Hispanics. Methods A systematic literature search strategy was used to identify potential studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL using an OVID interface. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed according to Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The primary outcome measure was to identify the incidence/prevalence of VTE of each ethnic group available for the study in the context of a population based study. Results Out of 3418 potential studies, 19 met our inclusion criteria (Table). Of these, 9 studies were population based studies: 5 reported VTE incidence per 100,000 person-years (PY), 2 measured the standardized incidence ratio, and 2 European studies assessed VTE rate according to country of origin but not ethnicity (data not shown). In addition, 7 studies measured the hospital incidence rate of VTE, and 3 assessed VTE prevalence. Data could not be pooled due to marked heterogeneity including varied periods of study. VTE incidence per 100,000 PY was found to be between 162 and 439 in Caucasians, 143 and 746 in Africans, 3.2 and 16.6 in Asians. Hospital incidence of VTE per 100,000 PY was found to be between 21 and 131 in Caucasians, 22 and 155 in Africans, 2 and 26 in Asians, 33.1 and 71 in American Indians/Alaskan Indians, and 9 in Hispanics. Conclusions Our findings suggest a wide variation in reported incidence rates for VTE among different ethnic groups, even within the same group. In general, studies in Asian populations suggest a lower incidence of VTE. A marked heterogeneity of study designs, population settings prevent drawing firm conclusions. A significant risk of bias cannot be excluded for several studies. Further studies assessing concurrently the risk of VTE among different ethnicities in the same geographical area are needed. Table 1. Summary of the included studies. Study Country Time Period f/u duration Sample size VTE incidence /Prevalence (95% CI) Zakai, 2014 US 439,090 person year 51,149 Zakai: ARIC US 1987-1996 15,792 (I) Cauc.: 166 (1.48-1.86) Afr.: 259 (2.21-3.03) Zakai: CHS US 1989-1997 5,888 (I) Cauc.: 439 (3.13-6.16) Afr.: 746 (4.68-11.90) Zakai: REGARDS, Southeast area US 2003-2007 30,239 (I) Cauc.: 162 (1.26-2.07) Afr.: 224 (1.72-2.92) Zakai: REGARDS, Rest of US US 2003-2007 30,239 (I) Cauc.: 205 (1.58-2.66) Afr.: 143 (1.02-2.00) Deitelzweig, 2010 US 2002 46,652 (P) per 100,000 persons Cauc.: M 457, F NA Afr.: M 584, F NA Hisp.: M 94, F 93 Others: M 329, F 345 2005 46,652 (P) per 100,000 persons Cauc.: M 643, F 446 Afr.: M 784, F 444 Hisp.: M 149, F 154 Others: M 285, F 297 DeMonaco, 2008 US 1997 37,892 (HI) Cauc.: 44 Afr.: 53 2001 37,892 (HI) Cauc.: 56 Afr.: 60 Heit, 2010 US 2003-2009 2,397 (P) N(%) Cauc.: Total= 1381 (69) Afr.: Total=272 (69) N(%) Cauc.: VTE = 551 (27) Afr.: VTE = 75 (19) Hooper, 2003 US 1980-1996 (HI) American Indians/Alaskan Indians: 33.1 Jang, 2011 Korea 2004 (I) Asians: VTE: 8.83, DVT: 3.91, PE: 3.74 2008 (I) Asians: VTE: 13.8, DVT: 5.31 , PE: 7.01 Kitamukai, 2003 Japan 2000 (I) Asians: 3.2 (29.2-33.9) Klatsky, 2000 US 1978-1994 1,822,302 total person years 128,934 (HI) Cauc.: 21 Afr.: 22 Asians: 2 Hisp.: 9 Others (unspecified): 15 Lee, 2010 Taiwan 2001 & 2002 11,566 person year Crude Incidence per 100,000 person year: Asians: VTE=15.9 Liu, 2002 China 1997-2000 (I) Asians: 16.6 Sakuma, 2009 Japan 2006 (I) Asians: PE= 6.19 (51.7- 72.1) DVT= 11.5 (98.2-132.9) Schneider, 2006 US 1998-2000 (HI) Cauc.: M 36.47 ; F 37.96 Afr.: M 53.64 ; F 61.53 Stein, Am J Med. 2004 US 1990-1999 (HI) Cauc.: VTE= 122 Afr.: VTE= 134 Asians: VTE= 23 Stein, Arch Intern Med. 2004 US 1996-2001 (HI) Cauc.: 131 Afr.: 155 American Indians and Alaskan Indians: 71 Tan, 2007 Singa-pore 1998-2001 271 pairs of cases and controls (P) N(%) Asians: 32.1% (29.0-35.3) White, 2005 US 1996 21,002 (SIR): Cauc.: 103 (101-105) Afr.: 138 (132-145) Asians: 29 (27-32) Hisp.: 61 (59-64) Others: 72 (65-80) White, 1998 US 1991-1994 17991 (SIR): Cauc.: 23 Afr.: 29.3 Asians: 6 Hisp.: 13.9 Abbreviations. f/u: follow up; CI: confidence interval; (I): incidence per 100,000 PY; (P): prevalence; (HI): Hospital Incidence per 100,000 PY; (SIR): Standardized Incidence Rate; M:male; F: female; N: total number. Cauc. Caucasians, Afr. Africans, Hisp. hispanics Disclosures Lazo-Langner: Pfizer: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria.

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