scholarly journals The role of calcium and vitamin D in arterial hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
И.А. Туйзарова ◽  
Т.С. Свеклина ◽  
В.А. Козлов ◽  
Р.Т. Сардинов
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relationship Of

В ряде последних эпидемиологических и ретроспективных исследований представлены доказательства роли кальция и витамина D в развитие артериальной гипертензии и связанной с ней сердечной недостаточностью. Дефицит витамина D, который может встречаться у 82,5% населения, и связанное с ним нарушение обмена кальция, эпидемиологи расценивают как пандемию. Цель обзора - систематизация современных сведений о роли кальциевого гомеостаза и дефицита витамина D в формировании артериальной гипертензии. В обзоре литературы рассмотрены вопросы связи артериальной гипертензии с плазменными концентрациями кальция и холекальциферолов. Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует, что у молодых людей стойкое повышение артериального давления ассоциировано с высокими плазменными концентрациями Ca2+, а у пожилых, особенно лиц с остеопорозом - с низкими. Циркадианные колебания плазменных концентраций кальция совпадают с изменением величины артериального давления. Данные ряда проспективных исследований и метаанализов о связи артериальной гипертензии и низких концентраций холекальциферолов в крови подтверждены экспериментами на мышах с нокаутированным геном рецептора витамина D. Низкие концентрации витамина D в плазме крови сопровождаются уменьшением высвобождения оксида азота, поэтому предполагают, что витамин D является эндокринным регулятором ренин-ангиотензиновой системы. Дефицит витамина D осложняет течение заболеваний, ассоциированных с артериальной гипертензией (хроническая сердечная недостаточность, сахарный диабет второго типа, ожирение). Вне зависимости от географического места проживания у значительной части населения наблюдается дефицит холекальциферолов в крови. Уменьшение плазменных концентраций холекальциферолов у пожилых людей, особенно сочетанное с остеопорозом, ассоциируется с инсулинорезистентностью и АГ. Дефицит витамина D во время беременности и концентрации ниже 11 нг/мл при рождении и 25 нг/мл в раннем детстве увеличивают риск высокого систолического давления более чем в 1,5 раза. Заключение: результаты нескольких независимых метаанализов убедили авторов в необходимости включения активных форм витамина D в плановую терапию артериальной гипертензии. Several recent epidemiological and retrospective studies have provided evidence for the role of calcium and vitamin D in development of hypertension and related heart failure. Epidemiologists regard as a pandemic the vitamin D deficiency, which may occur in 82.5% of the population and be associated with calcium metabolism disorders. The aim of the review was to systematize current information about the role of calcium homeostasis and vitamin D deficiency in the development of hypertension. The review addresses the relationship of blood pressure (BP) with plasma concentrations of calcium and cholecalciferols. In young people, a persistent BP elevation correlates with high plasma concentrations of Ca2+ whereas in the elderly, particularly those with osteoporosis, high BP correlates with low Ca2+. Circadian fluctuations of plasma calcium parallel changes in BP. A number of prospective studies and meta-analyses has reported a relationship of hypertension and low blood cholecalciferols. These results were confirmed by experiments on knockout mice lacking the vitamin D receptor gene. Low plasma concentrations of vitamin D are associated with decreased release of nitric oxide, which suggests that vitamin D is an endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Vitamin D deficiency complicates the course of diseases associated with hypertension (chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity). Regardless of the geographical location of the residence, a significant part of the population has a shortage of cholecalciferols in the blood. Decreased plasma concentrations of cholecalciferols in the elderly, particularly in combination with osteoporosis, is associated with insulin resistance and hypertension. Vitamin D shortage during pregnancy and its concentrations <11 ng/ml at birth and <25 ng/ml in early childhood increase the risk of high systolic BP more than 1.5 times. Conclusion: Results of several independent metaanalyses warrant the inclusion of active forms of vitamin D into regimens of antihypertensive treatment.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Aggravates Nephrotoxicity, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia Caused by Tenofovir: Role of Oxidative Stress and Renin-Angiotensin System

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Canale ◽  
Ana Carolina de Bragança ◽  
Janaína Garcia Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Heloisa Massola Shimizu ◽  
Talita Rojas Sanches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Neurohumoral changes during onset and offset of ovine heart failure: role of ANP

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. H1052-H1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. G. Nicholls ◽  
E. A. Espiner ◽  
H. Ikram ◽  
P. Bagshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
Left Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Relationship Of

The temporal relationship of changes in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion to other pathophysiological changes in heart failure has not been investigated. We studied the hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic changes before, during, and after the induction of heart failure in eight sheep using a 14-day period of rapid left ventricular pacing (LVP). Arterial pressure declined 21% on the first day, while cardiac output fell progressively to 48% of base line, and atrial pressures rose to a plateau over the first week. Plasma ANP levels increased 10-fold with a close correlation to left atrial pressure in all sheep. Furthermore, ANP secretion appeared to be sustained throughout the LVP period but did not prevent avid sodium retention. Marked and early activation of the renin-angiotensin system was observed, whereas the major increase in plasma aldosterone commenced 4 days later. On termination of LVP, a prompt natriuresis and diuresis occurred with return of all parameters toward base line. Thus this ovine model is useful for studying pathophysiological changes during the onset and offset of heart failure.

Role of vitamin D deficiency in the development obstetric and perinatal complications (Literature review)

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
O.O. Korchinska ◽  
◽  
N.O. Loya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Levels

The article gives an overview of the literature that shows the high prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in pregnant women in countries irrespective of their geographical location, leading to adverse health outcomes, such as miscarriage, premature birth defects, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, risk Caesarean section, low birth weight and an increase in the number of autoimmune diseases associated with low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy. Key words: vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, obstetric complications, perinatal complications.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Extraskeletal Complications: Predictor of Health Outcome or Marker of Health Status?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Guessous
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of

The relationship of vitamin D with extraskeletal complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and autoimmune disease, is of major interest considering its roles in key biological processes and the worldwide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, the causal relationships between vitamin D and most extraskeletal complications are weak. Currently, a heated debate over vitamin D is being conducted according to two hypotheses. In this review, we first present the different arguments that suggest a major role of vitamin D in a very broad type of extraskeletal complications (hypothesis #1). We then present results from recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials indicating a lack of association of vitamin D with major extraskeletal complications (hypothesis #2). We discuss different issues (e.g., causality, confounding, reverse causation, misclassification, and Mendelian randomization) that contribute to the favoring of one hypothesis over the other. While ultimately only one hypothesis is correct, we anticipate that the results from the ongoing randomized controlled trials will be unlikely to reconcile the divided experts.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin D deficiency and heart failure risk in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Magalhães Porto ◽  
Vanessa De Lima Silva ◽  
João Soares Brito da Luz ◽  
Brivaldo Markman Filho ◽  
Vera Magalhães da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Failure Risk

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 related deaths in BAME, Obese and Other High-risk Categories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshani King
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Strong Body ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tract Infections

It is now widely known that a disproportionate number of COVID-19 related mortalities in the UK havebeen in non-white, BAME populations [2]. The obese, diabetics, hypertensives and the elderly havealso been disproportionately affected. BAME doctors account for 94% of total deaths of doctors butcomprise 44% of doctors [1]. The suggestion that these deaths result from deprivation does not fitwith the high numbers of deaths of doctors and others in higher socio-economic classes; there mustbe a different and perhaps more comprehensive explanation.This review examines the compelling body of evidence strongly implicating varying levels of serumvitamin D levels in the significantly disparate outcomes between different groups of people andbetween different countries. It explores the extent of vitamin D deficiency, highlighting countries andcategories of people most likely to be deficient. It demonstrates that the UK suffers from exceptionallyhigh levels of vitamin D deficiency with serum levels averaging only 20ng/ml, half the optimal level; Itexamines the strong body of existing evidence connecting vitamin D deficiency to increasedrespiratory tract infections highlighting the central epigenetic role of vitamin D in immune systemresponses during a respiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2; It reviews research flaggingcorrelations between COVID-19 outcomes and vitamin D deficiency and studies providing the firstdirect evidence linking low vitamin D status with worse outcomes from COVID-19. Cautions regardingfuture trial designs and lack of evidence for toxicity concerns are both discussed. Current UK guidelinesrecommend 400 IU of vitamin D per day whereas 6,000-10,000 IU per day is required to maintainblood levels of 40ng/ml, widely accepted as being the level required to support immunity, optimalhealth, and reduction in all-cause mortality. The financial cost of vitamin D deficiency in the UK hasbeen estimated at around £20 billion per annum.

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency a New Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Ribeiro Mandarino ◽  
Francisco das Chagas Monteiro Júnior ◽  
João Victor Leal Salgado ◽  
Joyce Santos Lages ◽  
Natalino Salgado Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
And Control

The role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone metabolism has been well established. However, in recent years, many studies have demonstrated that its role extends far beyond bone health. Growing evidence has shown a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its cardiovascular protective effects are still not completely understood, but there is evidence that it participates in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system and the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and activity of inflammatory cytokines, besides its direct cardiovascular actions. In this review, several studies linking vitamin D deficiency with cardiometabolic risk as well as small randomized trials that have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of its supplementation are presented. However, large randomized placebo-controlled studies are still needed before we can definitively establish the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease.

The role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (19) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antal Salamon ◽  
Csaba Biró ◽  
Erzsébet Toldy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age

The diverse effects of vitamin D in human body became known during the last years. Vitamin D deficiency causes many problems in medical care. Important roles of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium metabolism and the effect on bone metabolism. The authors review literature data on vitamin D deficiency recognized as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures and they call attention of Hungarian physicians to the importance of vitamin D substitution. Supplementation of vitamin D deficiency is particularly important in the elderly age-group. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 731–736.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cady Rodney ◽  
Sherriann Rodney ◽  
Richard M. Millis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Health Practitioners

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in all ages regardless of climate or geographical location and evidence is emerging that the incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide. Women make up a large proportion of autoimmune disease diagnoses, underscoring the importance of fully elucidating the complex synergistic relationships between estrogens and vitamin D. Vitamin D receptor-activating drugs appear to enhance remyelination in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This review is intended to update health practitioners about the potential role of vitamin D deficiency demyelination and to motivate future research on dietary recommendations for vitamin D in preventing and treating demyel1nating diseases.

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