Molecular-genetic characteristics of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in the Russian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Н.В. Зернов ◽  
А.А. Гуськова ◽  
М.Ю. Скоблов
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Allele Size ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Disease Penetrance

Миодистрофия Ландузи-Дежерина (МЛД) в 95% случаев вызвана частичной делецией массива макросателлитных повторов D4Z4 на одном из аллелей 4-й хромосомы в сцеплении с пермиссивным гаплотипом. В данной работе мы провели молекулярно-генетическую диагностику МЛД в группе российских пациентов с клиническими проявлениями МЛД и их фенотипически здоровых родственников. Полученные данные распределения патогенных аллелей по длине соответствуют ранее описанным зарубежным популяционным исследованиям. Кроме того, наличие здоровых носителей патогенного аллеля подтверждает, что для проявления заболевания требуется сочетания генетических, эпигенетических и средовых факторов. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant myodystrophy. In approximately 95% of cases FSHD is caused by partial deletion of the D4Z4 macrosatellite tandem repeat on chromosome 4q35 (FSHD1). Here we present results FSHD1 diagnostic of patients and unaffected relatives from Russian population. We demonstrate that FSHD1 permissive alleles are bigger in size for unaffected carriers, which indicate previously reported phenomenon of inverse correlation between permissive allele size and disease penetrance and expressivity. In addition, presence of patients and unaffected carriers from one family with the same permissive allele size demonstrate importance of non-genetic factors for disease development.

scholarly journals FSHD1 Diagnosis in a Russian Population Using a qPCR-Based Approach

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Zernov ◽  
Anna Alekseevna Guskova ◽  
Mikhail Yurevich Skoblov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Allele Size ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Molecular Combing ◽  
Disease Penetrance

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant myodystrophy. Approximately 95% of cases of FSHD are caused by partial deletion of the D4Z4 macrosatellite tandem repeats on chromosome 4q35. The existing FSHD1 diagnostic methods are laborious and not widely used. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the currently used diagnostic methods (Southern blotting and molecular combing) against a new qPCR-based approach for FSHD1 diagnosis. We observed 93% concordance between the results obtained by the new qPCR-based approach, reference Southern blotting and molecular combing methods. Applying the qPCR-based approach in the studied population, we observed a prevalence (64.9%) of the permissive alleles in the range of 3–6 D4Z4 units for a group of patients, while in a group of carriers, the permissive alleles were mostly (84.6%) present in the range of 6–9 D4Z4 units. No prevalence of disease penetrance depending on gender was observed. The results confirmed the earlier established inverse correlation between permissive allele size and disease severity, disease penetrance. The results suggest the applicability of the qPCR-based approach for FSHD1 diagnosis and its robustness in a basic molecular genetics laboratory. To our knowledge, this is the first study of FSHD1 permissive allele distribution in a Russian population.

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of familial tumour syndromes of the central nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Murnyák ◽  
Rita Szepesi ◽  
Tibor Hortobágyi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Although most of the central nervous system tumours are sporadic, rarely they are associated with familial tumour syndromes. These disorders usually present with an autosomal dominant inheritance and neoplasia develops at younger age than in sporadic cases. Most of these tumours are bilateral, multiplex or multifocal. The causative mutations occur in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth, differentiation and DNA repair. Studying these hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes associated with nervous system tumours can facilitate the deeper understating of the molecular background of sporadic tumours and the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review is an update on hereditary tumour syndromes with nervous system involvement with emphasis on molecular genetic characteristics and their clinical implications. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(5), 171–177.

scholarly journals Clinical and genetic characteristics of chronic pancreatitis in patients under 20 years old

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
М.М. Литвинова ◽  
К.Ф. Хафизов ◽  
К.А. Никольская ◽  
Л.В. Винокурова ◽  
Е.А. Дубцова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Хронический панкреатит (ХП) представляет собой актуальную проблему современной медицины. При проявлении ХП у детей заболевание протекает особенно тяжело и часто требует хирургического лечения. В России работ по выявлению генетических причин панкреатита крайне мало. Еще меньше данных о влиянии генетических факторов на риск развития панкреатита у детей. В настоящей работе с помощью технологии массового параллельного секвенирования проведено генотипирование 25 больных ХП с манифестацией заболевания до 20 лет. Секвенировалась кодирующая последовательность генов SPINK1 и PRSS1. В группе обследуемых выявлено 11 носителей мутаций анализируемых генов, что составляет 44% от общего числа больных. Установлен спектр мутаций и особенности клинического течения ХП у лиц моложе 20 лет в России. Выявление молекулярно-генетической причины ХП позволяет прогнозировать характер течения заболевания и проводить профилактику болезни у ближайших родственников больного. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an urgent problem of modern medicine. If CP manifests in childhood, the course of the disease is particularly severe and often requires surgical treatment. In Russia there are few investigations of the genetic causes of pancreatitis. There is even less data on the influence of genetic factors on the pancreatitis development in children. In this study we performed genotyping of 25 CP patients with a clinical manifestation of the disease at the age under 20 years old. Genetic analysis was carried out by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). All coding regions of the SPINK1 and PRSS1 genes were analyzed. Mutations of the mentioned genes were found in 11 patients (44%). The spectrum of mutations and the clinical course of CP in Russian individuals younger than 20 years old have been established. The identification of the molecular genetic cause of CP helps to predict the severity of the disease and to prevent the disease in the relatives of the patient.

scholarly journals Search for new genetic factors associated with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Russian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Е.В. Филатова ◽  
М.И. Шадрина ◽  
И.Н. Власов ◽  
Н.С. Крылова ◽  
М.Ю. Маслова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Type

Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия (ГКМП) - самая распространённая форма наследственных заболеваний сердца с преимущественно аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования. Однако до сих пор не выявлены все гены, которые могут быть связаны с патогенезом ГКМП. В связи с этим, целью данной работы стали изучение и поиск новых генетических факторов, связанных развитием ГКМП в российской популяции. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of inherited heart disease with a predominantly autosomal dominant type of inheritance. However, all genes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of HCMP have not yet been identified. In this regard, the aim of this work was to search for new genetic factors associated with the development of HCM in the Russian population.

scholarly journals MODY2: Clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of 13 cases of the disease. The first description of MODY in Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I I Dedov ◽  
Natal'ya Anatol'evna Zubkova ◽  
N Yu Arbatskaya ◽  
A G Akopova ◽  
A N Tyul'pakov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Bases

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogenic group of diseases, with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and gene mutations resulting in dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. The type of diabetes and further treatment policy can be reliably determined on the basis of the data of a molecular genetic study that confirms gene mutations. Today there are known mutations of 8 genes, of which glucokinase (GCK) gene mutation that leads to the development of MODY2 and occurs most frequently. The spread of this mutation among DM patients in our country has not been studied. The diagnosis of MODY2 was established in 13 members of 5 families with the clinical picture typical of this type. The molecular genetic study revealed 4 new and 1 earlier described mutations. The findings extend ideas on the molecular bases of MODY, which creates conditions for improving the diagnosis of this disease, genetic counseling and the development of pathogenetically founded approaches to treatment.

Clinical application of polymorphic variants of the genes ESR1 and CYP2D6*4 in patients with breast and endometrial cancer

2017 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
O.V. Paliychuk ◽  
◽  
L.Z. Polishchuk ◽  
Z.I. Rossokha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Genetic Examination ◽  
The Impact

The objective: determining gene polymorphism features ERS1, CYP2D6 in patients with breast cancer (RHZ) and endometrial cancer (EC) and the impact assessment studied genetic characteristics compared to receptor status (immunohistochemical determination of expression levels of ER, PR) tumors and the results of the treatment. Patients and methods. article presents the results of complex clinical, morphological, clinical-genealogical, and molecular-genetic examination of 28 females: 19 patients with breast cancer (BC), 9 patients with endometrial cancer (EC), including 5 patients with primary-multiple tumors (PMT) with and without tumor pathology aggregation in families. Results. The It was determined that in patients’ families malignant tumors of breast, uterine body and/or ovaries prevail that corresponds to Lynch type II syndrome (family cancer syndrome). Molecular-genetic examination of genomic DNA of peripheral blood and histological sections for the presence of SNPs of ESR and CYP2D6*4 genes comparing with the results of immunohistochemical study of tumors for receptors ER and PR status have not found associations between these characteristics; although among EC patients the occurrence of genotypes 397ТТ and 351АА was significantly higher comparing with BC patients (55.55% and 10.5% for genotype 397ТТ,and 15.8% for genotype 351АА, respectively). At the same time the patients with BC and primary-multiple tumors (PMT) of female reproductive system organs (FRSO) that carried mutations in BRCA1 in all the cases demonstrated positive ER and PR receptor status and adverse combinations of polymorphous variants of the genes ESR1 (397СС, 397ТС) and CYP2D6*4 (1846G, 1846GA), suggesting combined effect of these factors on the development of malignant neoplasias of FRSO in families with positive family cancer history. In BC patients, receiving standard hormone therapy with tamoxifen, those, who had genotype 1846GG of the gene CYP2D6*4, in 3 patients (15.8%) of 19 (100%) patients disease recurrence was diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results allow clinical use of the assessment of polymorphism frequency of the genes ESR1 and CYP2D6*4 for selection of individual hormone therapy regimens schemes for BC patients, to increase efficacy of dispensary observation after finishing of special therapy for such patients, and also personalization of complex and combined treatment regimens. Key words: breast cancer, endometrial cancer, family cancer syndrome, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes ESR1, CYP2D6*4.

Genetic testing for autistic spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Е.А. Померанцева ◽  
А.А. Исаев ◽  
А.П. Есакова ◽  
И.В. Поволоцкая ◽  
Е.В. Денисенкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Согласно рекомендациям Американской академии педиатрии при постановке диагноза аутизм, следует направить семью на консультацию генетика и генетическое обследование. Однако оптимальный подход к алгоритму генетического обследования при выявлении расстройства аутистического спектра еще предстоит разработать. В рамках исследования было проведено сравнение выявляемости генетических факторов аутизма различными молекулярно-генетическими тестами. According to American Academy of Pediatrics recent guidelines, each family with a child diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder should be reffered to a medical geneticist and offered genetic tests. However, an optimal genetic testing algorithm has yet to be developed. This study was conducted to compare abilities of different molecular-genetic methods to detect genetic factors of autistic spectrum disorders.

Epigenetic factors and molecular markers of the risk of early pregnancy losses

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nataly I Frolova ◽  
Tatiana E Belokrinitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Combined Impact

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L A Bagdasaryan ◽  
I E Korneyeva
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

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