Some nutritional constituents in bulbs of selected Allium cultivars

Abstract Two years experiment was carried out to compare the nutritional composition in bulbs of ten onion cultivars grown in the field conditions. Pyruvic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars were determined in the edible part of onion bulbs. In most cultivars the content of pyruvate as the pungency index was ranged between 3-7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (medium pungency), however, three of them exceeded 7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (high pungency). A higher level of pyruvate corresponded in most cases with higher sugar content but was not correlated with that of ascorbic acid.

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Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/v10245-011-0016-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 107-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Gawęda ◽

Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Storage Period ◽

Dry Matter Content

Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage Two green kohlrabi cultivars, ‘White Delikates’ and ‘Korist’ F1, were kept in cold storage at a temperature of 2°C and a relative humidity of 95%. Natural mass losses were measured at monthly intervals and dry matter content, soluble sugars, L-ascorbic acid and isothiocyanates were analysed. During five months of storage, very low losses of kohlrabi mass were detected. The decrease in dry matter during that time was between 15 and 18%. After a brief increase, soluble sugar content decreased during storage, and in March, 50% of the initial sugar content was calculated for ‘Delikates’ kohlrabi flesh and 65% for ‘Korist’. L-ascorbic acid was well preserved in the kohlrabi, since 90% remained after storage was completed. The isothiocyanate content changed little and the vegetable remained a good source of these compounds throughout the storage period.

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Breaking the Dormancy of Snake’s Head Fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris L.) In Vitro Bulbs—Part 1: Effect of GA3, GA Inhibitors and Temperature on Fresh Weight, Sprouting and Sugar Content

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1449

Author(s):

Marija Marković ◽

Milana Trifunović Momčilov ◽

Branka Uzelac ◽

Aleksandar Cingel ◽

Snežana Milošević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Different Temperatures

Bulbs are the main vegetative reproductive organs of Fritillaria meleagris L. In nature, as well as in vitro, they become dormant and require low temperatures for further growth during the next vegetative period. In the present study, using 10 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3), or gibberellin biosynthesis (GA) inhibitors—ancymidol (A) and paclobutrazol (P)—the dynamic changes in soluble sugars, fructose and glucose content, fresh weight and sprouting capacity were investigated. F. meleagris bulbs were cultured on medium with GA3 and GA inhibitors for 1, 2 and 5 weeks at two different temperatures (24 and 7 °C). GA3 improved bulb fresh weight, as well as sprouting percentage at both tested temperatures, compared to the control. The highest fresh weight increase (57.7%) and sprouting rate (29.02%) were achieved when bulbs were grown at 24 °C for 5 weeks. In addition, soluble sugar content was the highest in bulbs grown for 5 weeks on medium supplemented with GA3. The main sugar in fritillary bulbs was glucose, while fructose content was lower. The sensitivity of bulbs to GA inhibitors differed and significantly affected sugar content in bulbs. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the sugar composition in F. meleagris bulbs during breaking of the bulb’s dormancy and its sprouting.

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Effect of biodegradable nonwoven covers on yield and chemical composition of overwintering onion

Italus Hortus ◽

10.26353/j.itahort/2020.1.4154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 41-54

Author(s):

Andrzej Kalisz ◽

Agnieszka Sękara ◽

Andrzej Jurkow ◽

Aneta Grabowska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Open Field ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

Onion Bulbs

Floating row covers are important pre-harvest factors for maximizing the yield of vegetable crops grown under open-field conditions. It is necessary to replace oil-based nonwoven covers with biodegradable ones that are environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biodegradable nonwoven covers, made of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, with or without fatty acid dimers (SB20/13, SB21/13, and SB28/13), on yield and chemical composition of ‘Glacier’ and ‘Swift’ winter onions. In the first experiment, we observed a higher total marketable yield and higher harvest index for onions covered with SB21/13 (by 24% and 3%, respectively) when compared to the control (polypropylene nonwoven). The SB20/13 cover significantly decreased mean bulb weight by 15.3% than in control. Bulbs harvested from the plots covered with SB21/13 had lower dry weight by 3.2-3.7% and those covered with SB28/13 showed the lowest L-ascorbic acid content when compared to all other treatments (by 6.3-10.3%). The lowest total sugar content was found in control onion bulbs, but it was significantly different only from bulbs covered by SB20/13, which had more sugar by 10.6%. In the second experiment, plants covered with the SB28/13 had a 1 st grade yield of onions higher by 47% than that of the control. The highest mean bulb weight was obtained from plants covered with the SB21/13 nonwoven. Covering with nonwovens caused a decrease in dry weight (SB20/13 and SB21/13, by 1.3-1.7%, respectively) and L-ascorbic acid (all nonwovens, by 15.6% for SB21/13 up to 22% for SB20/13) in onion bulbs in comparison to the control. Since the tested biodegradable nonwovens covers did not cause any decrease in the yield of winter onions compared to polypropylene nonwovens, the former appear to be a suitable environmental-friendly solution for the open-field cultivation of this important vegetable crop.

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Phytochemicals and Nutritional Constituent Evaluation of Bael (Aegle marmelos) Fruit Pulp at Different Development Stage

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2021/v20i130257 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

A. Sarkar ◽

M. Rashid ◽

M. Musarrat ◽

M. Billah

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Development Stage ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Development Stages ◽

Nutritional Constituents

Aegle marmelos Correa commonly known as “Bael,” has been recognized as a component of traditional medication for the treatment of various human ailments. The present study was focused on phytochemical screening, nutritional constituent of A. marmelos at different development stages. Highest amount of alkaloid was in premature bael (8.09±0.09 mg/g), phenols in premature bael (9.65±0.06 mg/g) pulp and saponins in mature bael(5.57±0.08) pulp. Highest amount of thiamin (B1) (1.83±0.03 mg/100 g) and ascorbic acid (48.62±0.04 mg/100 g) in premature bael pulp. Sugar content significantly highest in matured bael(6.94±0.04 mg/100 g) pulp. Most abundant mineral potassium content was maximum in (139.61±0.04 mg/100 g) premature bael fruit pulp. The nutritional constituents and phytochemicals change depending on maturation stage. Nutritional constituent changes on the effects of development of bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit. It has been found in the present study that there were a numbers of phytochemical changes occurred during different fruit development stages.

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Cold stress modifies bioactive compounds of kale cultivars during fall–winter harvests

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rita Jurkow ◽

Agata Wurst ◽

Andrzej Kalisz ◽

Agnieszka Sękara ◽

Stanisław Cebula

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Before And After

Kale is a plant known and valued since antiquity as a healthy vegetable crop, used for culinary, decorative, but also healing purposes. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of harvest date on physiological status and nutritional composition of two kale cultivars: ‘Winterbor’ F1 (blue-green leaves) and ‘Redbor’ F1 (red-purple leaves). The leaves were harvested in three periods: before frost (>0°C), after medium (−5.0°C) and heavy frost (−15.0°C). Content of dry weight, soluble sugars, l-ascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorophylls, polyphenols, anthocyanins, as well as antioxidant activity and peroxidase activity were determined. Cold temperature significantly affected bioactive compounds of kale. The content of dry weight, soluble sugars, l-ascorbic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant activity increased after medium frosts for both cultivars. The level of anthocyanins also increased significantly for the ‘Redbor’ F1 cultivar. After strong frost, most of the tested parameters (content of dry weight, soluble sugars, phenolics, anthocyanins, and total antioxidant and peroxidase activity) significantly increased. The chlorophyll a content was reduced by heavy frost in both seasons. Harvesting kale before and after frost may allow the level of biologically active ingredients to be regulated as cold also significantly affects the physiological status of the plants.

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Effects of Genetic Background and Altitude on Sugars, Malic Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Fruits of Wild and Cultivated Apples (Malus sp.)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Yajing Li ◽

Hongxia Sun ◽

Jindong Li ◽

Shu Qin ◽

Wei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Total Sugar Content

Soluble sugars, malic acid, and ascorbic acid in 17 apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and three wild forms (M. pumila ‘Saiwaihong’, M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. and M. micromalus Makino) from three major apple cultivation regions in China were quantified using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Fructose was the most abundant sugar, followed by sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol. Wild apples contain more sorbitol and less sucrose and were significantly more acidic than cultivated fruits. The total sugar content varied from 110 to 160 mg/g fresh fruits, total acid content from 2 to 6 mg/g, with a strong influence of genetic background and growth location. Overall, ‘Gala’, ‘Xiali’, ‘Liuyuehong’, ‘Lihong’, ‘Starking Delicious’, and ‘Starkrimson’ were characterized by higher sugar/acid ratio indicating sweeter taste compared to other cultivars. The wild apples had the highest content of ascorbic acid (0.6–0.96 mg/g). Compared to other cultivars, ‘Zhongqiuwang’, ‘Qinguan’, and ‘Nagafu No. 2′ were richer in ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid content in the commercial cultivars was highly dependent on growth location. The content of malic acid and sucrose positively correlated to altitude, and that of glucose negatively. Malic acid positively correlated with ascorbic acid and sucrose, glucose content with ascorbic acid.

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(75) Sugars and Flower Induction in Poinsettia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1065c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1065C-1065

Author(s):

Emilia Orozco-Gaeta ◽

Maria-Teresa Colinas-Leon ◽

Luis-Alonso Valdez-Aguilar ◽

Edilberto Avitia-Garcia ◽

Ismael Leon-Rivera

Keyword(s):

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Plant Part ◽

Flower Induction ◽

Starch Hydrolysis ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Young Leaves ◽

The Relationship

During Fall 2004, poinsettia plants were grown in a greenhouse (Texcoco, Edo. Mexico, 19°29'N). The objectives were to: 1) evaluate which soluble carbohydrates (mono- and disaccharides) are present in the cultivars Supjibi and Peter Star and their concentrations; 2) study the relationship between sugar content and flower induction; and 3) analyze the relationship between starch content and phenology of the plant. Apical meristems were prepared for microscopy, soluble sugars, and sugars from starch hydrolysis were studied by HPLC. Flower induction in `Supjibi' took place about 99 days after transplant (DAT), with no artificial short photoperiod. In `Peter Star', flower induction took place about 137 DAT, 19 days after initiation of short-day photoperiod. Soluble sugars found were: sucrose, maltose, glucose, and fructose (in order of the highest to lowest concentration). Concentration varied from 0.5% to 2.1% for `Supjibi' and from 1.1% to 2.9% for `Peter Star', based on fresh weight. Sucrose content is reduced in root and mature leaf during flower induction, probably sent to young leaves. During flower induction, there is also an increase in glucose in young leaves. Sugars from starch hydrolysis were: fucose, (6-desoxi-L-galactose), fructose, and galactose. Soluble sugars content generated from starch varies in each organ from 2.0% to 32% for `Supjibi', and from 2.0% to 39% in `Peter Star'. During induction, starch content is reduced (between 6% and 9%). After flower induction, there is an increase in leaf area and in starch content (from 32% to 39%), during bract development starch seems to be utilized in this plant part.

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Chilling effect on soluble sugars, respiration rate, total phenolics, peroxidase activity and dormancy of onion bulbs

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000300007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Noureddine Benkeblia ◽

Norio Shiomi

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Technological Factors ◽

The Third ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Similar Peak ◽

Control Samples

Besides onions being one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables, during storage onion bulbs are still affected by many physiological, biochemical and technological factors which can influence their quality. Respiration rate (RR O2), soluble sugars (SS), total phenolics (TP), and peroxidase (POD) activity were measured in inner bud tissues during a dormancy break of onion bulbs treated four weeks at 0ºC and stored in the dark at 20ºC. Control bulbs were stored simultaneously in the same condition. Breakage of dormancy was checked by the appearance of first green internal leaves by cutting longitudinally 30 bulbs. After eight weeks, RR O2 of sprouted onions was 52% higher than that of freshly harvested and dormant bulbs. One week after cooling SS decreased from 15 to 9 mg g-1 fresh weight, and then peaked from 9 to 19 mg g-1 after three weeks. For control bulbs, a similar peak was observed after six weeks. For inner buds of cold-treated onions, a slight increase of TP (from 0.17 to 0.2 mg g-1; fresh weight) was observed during the first two weeks of cooling, and then a decrease to 0.11 mg g-1 was observed after eight weeks. For inner buds of control bulbs, TP also increased slightly from 0.17 to 0.2 mg g-1 after five weeks, and decreased to 0.15 mg g-1 after seven weeks when bulbs began to sprout. POD activity showed a similar pattern in relation to TP. For cold-treated bulbs, POD activity increased to 1.7 U g-1 fresh weight after two weeks, and decreased to 1.1 U g-1 during the last four weeks. For control samples, POD activity was stable during 4 weeks and decreased progressively by 29% during the last four weeks. This decrease in POD activity coincided with the decrease in TP, and coincided with onset of sprouting. With cold treatment, first sprouts were observed during the third week, while total sprouting was observed after eight weeks. In comparison, only 20% of the control bulbs sprouted after the period of 8 weeks.

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Mapping the snack and drink landscape in a large UK hospital site

10.31234/osf.io/m3nwa ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julia Allan ◽

Maureen Heddle ◽

Fiona McKenzie ◽

Susan Webb ◽

Marie Johnston

Keyword(s):

Food Choice ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Salt Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Food Retail ◽

Hospital Site ◽

Baked Goods ◽

Calorie Content ◽

Product Sales

Hospitals offer snacks and drinks for sale to patients, staff and visitors. As food choice is heavily influenced by the options on offer, the present study audited the availability and purchase of snacks and drinks available in all NHS hospital sites across a large UK city. Data on the type and nutritional composition of all single-serve snacks (n=407) and drinks (n=238) available for sale in 76 hospital-based food retail units were collected. Purchasing data were obtained for products sold from a subset of food retail units over 4 weeks (6 units; 68,274 product sales). Single-serve snacks and drinks varied markedly in calorie content (snacks 18-641kcals; drinks 0-270kcals), fat content (snacks 0-39g; drinks 0-9g), sugar content (snacks 0.1g-76g; drinks 0-56g) and salt content (snacks 0.2g-2.9g; drinks 0-1.1g). Baked goods were the least healthy snack option (mean content: 383 kcals, 17g fat, 29g sugar and 0.4g salt). Most of the top selling products were crisps, confectionary, baked goods and hot drinks. Only 5/20 top selling snacks were healthy options. While healthy snacks and drinks are readily available in NHS sites, there is scope to reduce the availability of unhealthy options further and to support consumers to make healthier choices.

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COMPARISON OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT IN IMPORTED TOMATOES AND IN CULTIVARS GROWN IN NOVA SCOTIA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-047 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

HAK-YOON JU ◽

W. JOHN MULLIN

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Nova Scotia ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Acid Content ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cluster Location ◽

Greenhouse Tomatoes

The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content of fresh imported field tomatoes and Nova Scotia greenhouse and field tomatoes was determined on a bi-weekly basis during the period of availability of each type of tomato to the Nova Scotia consumer in 1984. The average ascorbic acid contents of imported and Nova Scotia field and greenhouse tomatoes were 13.3, 16.7 and 17.7 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight, respectively. A study of nine recommended or promising field tomatoes for the Atlantic region showed significant differences in ascorbic acid content among the cultivars. The cultivar Quick Pick had the highest ascorbic acid content of 22.5 ± 1.5 mg 100 g−1, the cultivar Campbell 18 had the lowest content, 12.0 ± 2.9 mg 100 g−1. In Dombito greenhouse tomatoes the stage of maturity and the effect of cluster location were tested against ascorbic acid content. The lowest ascorbic acid content of 9.1 ± 1.0 mg 100 g−1 was found with the small green tomatoes while others from mature green to overripe contained 14.0–16.7 mg 100 g−1. Tomatoes from different cluster locations showed no significant difference in ascorbic acid content.Key words: Vitamin C, L-ascorbic acid, tomatoes

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