scholarly journals Developmental and Academic Learning differences for Pre-School Children in North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Nidal Ahmed Mohammed Al-Zoubi
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Social Maturity ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Common Learning ◽  
Mathematical Inference

The aim of the research was to determine the size of the problem of learning differentials for preschool children for the target group during the period from 20/4/1436 to 3/5/1436 AH, while applied to the sample studied during the period from 5/5/1436 to 13/5 / 1436 e. The researcher used the descriptive method of "survey study". The researcher applied some scientific tests and measurements to measure some learning differences on a sample of (100) children and their child (53 males and 47 females) in pre-school in Jeddah. The results of the study showed that the differences in visual memory were the most common learning differences (51%) and the auditory differences (25%), followed by learning differences (24%) and mathematical inference (24%) respectively. The results also showed significant differences between males and females in the tests of hyperactivity, dizziness, attention, social interaction, writing, and auditory perception for females, and males and females are equal in tests of social maturity, pre-reading, mathematical inference and visual memory. Among students born in 2010 and students born in 2011 in social maturity tests, social interactions, writing, auditory perception, visual memory, pre-reading for age 5, attention tests, impulse and hyperactivity. For (4) years, while there were no differences according to the variables (gender - age) in other measures. The researcher recommends taking into account the child's access to the level of maturity appropriate for learning to read and write and account, and not forced to do so in the pre-school, and interest in building programs of motor education for children and the need to apply to students outside the classroom. As well as the importance of focusing teachers on activities that are concerned with the development of the child's senses in general, and on audio-visual activities in particular, and assigning the task of pre-school teaching to qualified teachers in the field of child education.

The Impact of Selected Aspects of Life on the Incidence of Back Pain in Relation to Age of Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Jerzy Błyszczuk ◽  
Renata Błyszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Therapeutic Massage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

<b>Intodruction:</b> The most common reasons for back pain in modern society include inadequate physical activity, obesity and lack of basic knowledge on the correct positions of the spine. There are also other reasons such as pathological changes including damage and degeneration of annular fibers in the spinal disk, posttraumatic back pain and incorrect posture. <br/><b>Materials and methods:</b> On the basis of a survey study on the population of 240 individuals (120 males and 120 females) we aimed to answer the following questions: how body index, physical activity, type of profession and education level correlate with the frequency of back pain in relation to age. Furthermore, responders reported the most commonly injured spine regions and types of treatments. <br/><b>Results and Conclusions:</b> Obese individuals more often suffer from back pain. Moderate physical activity is beneficial on spine prophylaxis. Aging correlates with higher risk of back pain. Back pain is the most commonly reported in the lumbar region. Common painkiller medications and restricted physical activity represent main treatments of back pain. Visiting a doctor, physiotherapy and therapeutic massage are less common. These conclusions hold true for both males and females.

A Psychosocial Test of the Maturity Gap Thesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turgut Ozkan ◽  
John L. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Psychosocial Maturity ◽  
Social Maturity ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Males And Females

Previous tests of the maturity gap thesis incorporated one-dimensional autonomy-based measures of social maturity. We present the first test of the maturity gap thesis to incorporate psychosocial measures (i.e., temperance, responsibility, and perspective). Four delinquency and substance abuse variables from Wave 2 of the Add Health data were regressed on the following variables developed from Wave 1: relative pubertal development, relative psychosocial maturity, personal autonomy, and interactions among each ( n = 4,530 participants younger than 18 and 294 older than 18). Personal autonomy lost significance when psychosocial maturity, personal autonomy, and pubertal development were included in the same model. However, psychosocial maturity did not clearly interact with either personal autonomy or pubertal development. Psychosocial maturity was associated with deviant behaviors for both males and females, above and below age 18.

scholarly journals EFL In-service Yemeni Teachers’ Perceptions and Perspectives on the Importance of Teaching Stress and Intonation as Supra-segmental Features of Speech and Sound attributes to the Process of Comprehension: A Survey-Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiq Al-Shamiry ◽  
Ahmed M. S. Alduais
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Arabic And English

Purposes: To obtain the EFL in-service Yemeni teachers’ perceptions and perspectives on the importance of teaching stress and intonation as supra-segmental features of speech and sound-attributes to the process of comprehension. Methods: 40 EFL teachers who were identified as in-service teachers in both public and private schools at IBB city, Yemen (20 Arts’ graduates and 20 Education’s graduates, both males and females) participated in this survey-study. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 20 items - aiming at achieving the above stated objective was distributed to the participants. Results: The 17th version of SPSS, descriptive statistics, mainly percentages and frequency tools were used to analyse the collected data. The statistical data indicated that a large number of the in-service teachers are incompetent in the supra-segmental features of speech, yet demonstrated negative attitudes towards the importance of using applying such features. Though there is an attempt to communicate in English language, there is no clear consideration for the use of these features of speech. Syllabus’ update, motivation and teachers’ fluency, and teachers overall qualification are the the responsible factors behind the failure of practice and appropriate use of these features. Educational system, social situation, major differences between the two phonological systems of the Arabic and English languages, and difficulty of these features of speech are the discouraging factors respectively from the teachers’ perspective. Developing teaching methods, laboratories, and frequent evaluation were the proposed encouraging factors from the teachers’ perspective. Conclusions: The study is concluded with that a large number of the in-service school’s teachers are incompetent in terms of supra-segmental features of speech due to focus on other language elements other than communication. Most of the teachers are not fluent and this supports their tendency to ignore applying yet showing the importance of these features to their learners - an ability which they themselves are not competent in.

scholarly journals Hormones and Auditory Perception: Study of Dichotic Listening in Women during the Menstrual Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 070-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Carneiro ◽  
Anna Almeida ◽  
Angela Ribas ◽  
Karolina Kluk-De Kort ◽  
Daviany Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

Introduction Dichotic listening refers to the ability to hear different sounds presented to each ear simultaneously. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess dichotic listening in women throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods The volunteers who met the eligibility criteria participated in a dichotic listening assessment composed of three tests: 1) staggered spondaic word test; 2) dichotic digits test; and 3) consonant-vowel test. The female participants were tested during two different phases of the menstrual cycle: the follicular (days 11 to 13) and luteal (days 23 to 26) phases. The phases were confirmed by measuring serum levels of the hormone estradiol. Results A total of 20 volunteers aged 18 to 49 years participated in the study (9 females and 11 males). In test 1, only the right ear of females showed better performance during the follicular phase (high estrogen levels), compared with the luteal phase (low estrogen levels); in test 2, there were no significant differences for any of the groups; and in test 3, both males and females showed significantly better performance in their right ear compared with their left ear. Conclusion The better performance of females during the follicular phase of the cycle may indicate that estrogen levels might have an influence on dichotic listening in women.

scholarly journals Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Hazardous Drinking Polygenic Scores in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective and Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Atiqul Haq Mazumder ◽  
Jennifer Barnett ◽  
Erkki Tapio Isometsä ◽  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Minna Torniainen-Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Log Linear

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking Polygenic Scores (PGS) in 2649 schizophrenia, 558 schizoaffective disorder, and 1125 bipolar disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking PGS was computed using the LDPred program. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or Reaction Time (RT) test, and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between hazardous drinking PGS and cognition was measured using four cognition variables. Log-linear regression was used in Reaction Time (RT) assessment, and logistic regression was used in PAL assessment. All analyses were conducted separately for males and females. After adjustment of age, age of onset, education, household pattern, and depressive symptoms, hazardous drinking PGS was not associated with reaction time or visual memory in male or female patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Phonological awareness and spatial visual memory among sample of dyslexic children

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Amsal Hadi Huwailah ◽  
Masad Naghah Abu Al Diyar
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to identify the relationship between phonological awareness and spatial visual memory, as well as, to detect the differences between Kuwaiti males and females and non-Kuwaitis with regard to reading learning difficulties in certain variables. The study adopts a comparative descriptive approach and uses sample of 350 primary students (3-5 grades) with reading learning difficulties (200 males and 150 females) Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis. Their ages ranged between 8- 10 years. Phonological awareness test and spatial visual memory test are applied. The findings of the study show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the components of phonological awareness tests (syllable & phoneme deletion test and non-word reading accuracy test) and between spatial visual memory tests (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test) from males and females sample. There are no significant differences between males and females in phonological awareness skills (phoneme deletion test, and non-word reading accuracy test). Females show better performance than males in spatial visual memory tasks (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test). Non-Kuwaitis show better performance than Kuwaitis in phonological awareness skills (syllable & phoneme deletion, and non-word reading accuracy test) and in spatial visual memory tasks (Forward Spatial Span Test and Backward Spatial Span Test). The results of the regression suggested that the integration of sounds is the only test that can predict reading disabilities. As (syllable & phoneme deletion, and t non-word reading accuracy test) are the most predictable of spatial visual memory. 

scholarly journals Shared Song Detector Neurons in Drosophila Male and Female Brains Drive Sex-Specific Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Deutsch ◽  
Jan Clemens ◽  
Stephan Y. Thiberge ◽  
Georgia Guan ◽  
Mala Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractMales and females often produce distinct responses to the same sensory stimuli. How such differences arise – at the level of sensory processing or in the circuits that generate behavior – remains largely unresolved across sensory modalities. We address this issue in the acoustic communication system of Drosophila. During courtship, males generate time-varying songs, and each sex responds with specific behaviors. We characterize male and female behavioral tuning for all aspects of song, and show that feature tuning is similar between sexes, suggesting sex-shared song detectors drive divergent behaviors. We then identify higher-order neurons in the Drosophila brain, called pC2, that are tuned for multiple temporal aspects of one mode of the male’s song, and drive sex-specific behaviors. We thus uncover neurons that are specifically tuned to an acoustic communication signal and that reside at the sensory-motor interface, flexibly linking auditory perception with sex-specific behavioral responses.

scholarly journals Differences in color categorization manifested by males and females: a quantitative World Color Survey study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Fider ◽  
Natalia L. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Color Perception ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Color Categorization ◽  
Categorization Scheme ◽  
Cultural Data

Abstract Gender-related differences in human color preferences, color perception, and color lexicon have been reported in the literature over several decades. This work focuses on the way the two genders categorize color stimuli. Using the cross-cultural data from the World Color Survey (WCS) and rigorous mathematical methodology, a function is constructed, which measures the differences in color categorization systems manifested by men and women. A significant number of cases are identified, where men and women exhibit markedly disparate behavior. Interestingly, of the regions in the Munsell color array, the green-blue (“grue”) region appears to be associated with the largest group of categorization differences, with females revealing a more differentiated color categorization pattern compared to males. More precisely, in those cases, females tend to use separate green and/or blue categories, while males predominantly use the grue category. In general, the cases singled out by our method warrant a closer study, as they may indicate a transitional categorization scheme.

scholarly journals Association between Work Experience and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among the Clinical and Teaching Physiotherapists of Gujarat, India – An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vivek Harsukhbhai Ramanandi
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Based

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are present universally where physiotherapists are found to be at higher risk of being affected due to the postures attained at work. This can lead to excessive exertion associated with significant discomfort and pain in loading joints. In addition to these, the anatomical, physiological and physical characteristics of males and females are disparate so gender-based differences may also affect. However, the paucity of data for correlating the years of experience with MSDs was found in Gujarat. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the association between the prevalence of MSDs with an increase in work experience among the physiotherapists of Gujarat. Methods: This was an online cross-sectional survey study where 322 physiotherapists were included after gaining informed electronic consent. Prevalence rates were found by employing a standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and non - parametric tests were used for data analysis. Results: Present study showed no statistically significant relationship between the increase in work experience and work-related MSDs prevalence. It was also observed that females (68.63%) have more prevalence compare to males (61.19%). The majority f the physiotherapists reported complaints of MSDs in the lower back (41.30%) and neck (37.58%) regions. Conclusion: It is inferred that the chances of being affected by MSDs do not increase with years of work experience. Moreover, female physiotherapists are more prone to MSDs. Thus, early identification and interventions through ergonomic advice and physiotherapy can prove to be very effective in declining the rate of MSDs to a notable extent.

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