scholarly journals Role of Glycine max in improving drought tolerance in Zanthoxylum bungeanum

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9040
Author(s):  
Zilong Li ◽  
Akash Tariq ◽  
Kaiwen Pan ◽  
Corina Graciano ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Positive Effects

Intercropping may improve community stability and yield under climate change. Here, we set up a field experiment to evaluate the advantages of cultivating Z anthoxylum bungeanum with Capsicum annum, and Z. bungeanum with Glycine max as intercrops, compared with cultivating Z. bungeanum in monoculture. Effects of extreme drought stress conditions on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the three crop species cultivated in the three contrasting planting systems were compared. Results showed that extreme drought conditions induced negative impacts on Z. bungeanum grown in monoculture, due to reduced growth and metabolic impairment. However, limited stomatal conductance, reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and increased water use efficiency, carotenoid content, catalase activity, and accumulation of soluble sugars in Z. bungeanum indicated its adaptive strategies for tolerance of extreme drought stress conditions. Compared with cultivation in monoculture, intercropping with C. annum had positive effects on Z. bungeanum under extreme drought stress conditions, as a result of improved crown diameter, leaf relative water content (LRWC), net photosynthetic rate, and proline content, while intercropping with G. max under extreme drought stress conditions increased net CO2 assimilation rates, LRWC, Tr, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In conclusion, Z. bungeanum has an effective defense mechanism for extreme drought stress tolerance. Intercropping with G. max enhanced this tolerance potential primarily through its physio-biochemical adjustments, rather than as a result of nitrogen fixation by G. max.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehghanzadeh H ◽  
◽  
Adavi Z ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and factors limiting the successful production of plant products worldwide and has adverse effects on plant growth and other metabolic processes. The role of exogenous individual or combined application of Silicon (Si) and Cycocel (CCC) (control, 3.6gL-1 Si, 210mgL-1 CCC, and 3.6gL-1 Si + 210mgL-1 CCC) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gascogen (drought-sensitive) and Aflak (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and CCC effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and CCC further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with CCC. Synergistic effects of Si + CCC application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or CCC applied separately water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and CCC application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favorable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and CCC application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

scholarly journals Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259585
Author(s):  
Gull Mehak ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages

Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of symbiotic association of rhizobia and endomycorrhizae from Moroccan arid littoral dunes on Acacia cyanophylla tolerance to drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
ABDELHAKIM HATIMI ◽  
SAIDIA TAHROUCH ◽  
BRAHIM BOUIZGARNE
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Hatimi A, Tahrouch S, Bouizgarne B. 2018. Effect of symbiotic association of rhizobia and endomycorrhizae from Moroccan arid littoral dunes on Acacia cyanophylla tolerance to drought. Asian J For 2: 39-45. The research on behavior of A. cyanophylla Lindl plants associated with a symbiotic indigenous endomycorrhizal fungi M, and three rhizobia isolates: two low growing isolate R1 (Bradyrhizobium sp. RCM6), and R2 (Bradyrhizobium sp. RLC3) and a fast-growing isolates R3 (Rhizobium sp. S21), originated from coastal dunes of the Souss-Massa region in drought stress conditions, was investigated in greenhouse. Results have clearly shown that the growth and nutrition of seedlings of A. cyanophylla were drastically affected after two months in drought stress conditions. However, inoculation of the symbiotic microorganisms either alone (treatments M, RMC6, R2 or R3) or as inoculums consisting of combination of the rhizobia with the endomycorrhiza (treatments MR1, MR2 or MR3) resulted in enhanced tolerance of A. cyanophylla seedlings to drought stress. At 100% of field capacity (fc), all treatments showed a significant improvement of plant growth compared to non-inoculated plants in stress conditions. In addition, we have shown that Bradyrhizobium RCM6 (R1) holds a high efficiency to improve the growth and nutrition of the host plant. Indeed, higher number of nodules/plant and higher amount of total nitrogen were recorded in the seedlings inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. RCM6 in comparison with plants inoculated with the two other rhizobia Bradyrhizobium sp. RLC3 (R2) and Rhizobium sp. S21 (R3), and control plants. Dual inoculation with each of the three rhizobia and the endomycorrhizal complex (M) led to higher water content (W.C) and relative water content (RWC) and a significant increase in Phosphorus content of the aerial part. While positive effects were recorded for Phosphorus, no such effects were recorded for nitrogen. However, the overall results showed the importance of the use of microorganisms in the dune coastal environment particularly adequate tripartite association: rhizobia Endomycorrhizes-A. cyanophylla in enhancing tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on drought resistance in hawthorn seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Ashkavand ◽  
Masoud Tabari ◽  
Mehrdad Zarafshar ◽  
Ivana Tomášková ◽  
Daniel Struve
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Drought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid regions while hawthorns (Crataegus sp.) are an important component of such region’s forests. Therefore, treatments that increase hawthorn drought resistance may also increase transplanting success. Thus, the physiological and biochemical responses of hawthorn seedlings to a factorial combination of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs at 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L−1) and three soil moisture treatments (without stress, moderate stress and severe stress) were investigated. Seedlings were irrigated with one of the four concentrations of SNPs for 45 days before exposing them to drought stress. Photosynthesis parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative water content (RWC), membrane electrolyte leakage (ELI) as well as chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate and proline content were determined. At the end of the experiment, positive effects by SNP pre-treatment on physiological indexes were observed during drought stress. Under drought conditions, the effect of SNPs on photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was evident. Although the SNPs increased plant biomass, xylem water potential and MDA content, especially under drought conditions, RWC and ELI were not affected by the SNP pre-treatments. Seedlings pre-treated with SNPs had a decreased carbohydrate and proline content under all water regimes, but especially so under drought. Total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content did not change among the treatments. Generally, the findings imply that SNPs play a positive role in maintaining critical physiological and biochemical functions in hawthorn seedlings under drought stress conditions. However, more studies are needed before the physiological and biochemical basis of induced drought resistance can be determined.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the GmDREB2 gene increases proline accumulation and tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Nhan Pham ◽  
Huu Quan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Lan Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Tan Dao ◽  
Danh Thuong Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Plants

The dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a plant protein subfamily expressed when soybean plants face abiotic stresses. These DREB proteins are also considered to activate the transcription of drought-resistant genes. In this study, we present the determined results of relationships between overexpression of Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2) with the transcription level of Glycine max pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (GmP5CS) gene, proline accumulation and drought tolerant ability transgenic soybean plants as the basis for selection of transgenic lines with high drought tolerance. GmDREB2 was inserted into a plant transgenic vector and the 35S-GmDREB2-cmyc construct was transferred into the soybean plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Recombinant GmDREB2 protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa was expressed in four transgenic soybean lines in the T1 generation. The GmP5CS gene was shown to have significantly (P<0.05) increased expression in the T2 transgenic soybean lines and higher than compared to non-transgenic plants with considering both in well watered condition and stressed conditions were from 1.06 to 1.31-fold and 1.37 to 1.95-fold, respectively. The proline content of four transgenic soybean lines increased 155.81% to 187.42 % after five days in drought-stress conditions and increased from 180.52 % to 233.74 % after nine days under drought-stress conditions (P<0.05). Therefore, the overexpression of GmDREB2 resulted in increasing transcription level of P5CS gene, proline accumulation and drought-stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The GmDREB2 transformation into soybean plants was confirmed by the results of genetically modified lines in the T2 generation (T2-1, T2-6, T2-7, and T2-8) with higher drought tolerant ability than those of non-transgenic plants.

scholarly journals Protein Profiles and Dehydrin Accumulation in Some Soybean Varieties (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr) in Drought Stress Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estri Laras Arumingtyas ◽  
Evika Sandi Savitri ◽  
Runik Dyah Purwoningrahayu
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Protein Profiles

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Dynamics of Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings under Extreme Drought Stress and during Recovery

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Changchang Shao ◽  
Honglang Duan ◽  
Guijie Ding ◽  
Xianying Luo ◽  
Yuanhong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In recent years, global forests have been facing an increase in tree mortality owing to increasing droughts. However, the capacity for plants to adjust their physiology and biochemistry during extreme drought and subsequent recovery is still unclear. Here, we used 1.5-year-old Pinus massoniana Lamb. seedlings and simulated drought conditions to achieve three target stress levels (50%, 85%, and 100% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (PLC)), followed by rehydration. Needle water status, gas exchange, and biochemical parameters were assessed during drought and recovery. The results showed that drought had significantly negative impacts on needle water status and gas exchange parameters, with gas exchange declining to 0 after PLC85 was achieved. Soluble protein concentration (SPC), soluble sugar concentration (SSC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and needle water-use efficiency showed fluctuations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the values of osmotic regulators were then gradually decreased as the physiological and biochemical functions of seedlings were disturbed. Seedlings showed a stronger ability to recover from PLC50 than PLC85 and PLC100. We conclude that the physiological and biochemical recovery of P. massoniana seedlings is more likely to be inhibited when plants experience increasing drought stress that induces 85% and greater loss of hydraulic conductance.

scholarly journals Physiological and Morphological Responses of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) to Rhizoglomus irregulare Inoculation under Ample Water and Drought Stress Conditions Are Cultivar Dependent

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Amna Eltigani ◽  
Anja Müller ◽  
Benard Ngwene ◽  
Eckhard George
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Okra is an important crop species for smallholder farmers in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its interaction with mycorrhiza has been rarely studied, and little is known about its mycorrhizal dependency, especially under drought stress. In a glasshouse experiment, we investigated the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) inoculation on growth, evapotranspiration, mineral nutrition and root morphology of five okra cultivars under ample water and drought stress conditions. ‘Khartoumia’, ‘HSD6719’, ‘HSD7058’, ‘Sarah’ and ‘Clemson Spineless’-cultivars commonly used by farmers in Sudan were chosen for their geographical, morphological and breeding background variations. The plants were either inoculated with R. irregulare or mock-inoculated. Seven weeks after seeding, the soil–water content was either maintained at 20% w/w or reduced to 10% w/w to impose drought stress. Drought stress resulted in plant P deficiency and decreased shoot dry biomass (DB), especially in HSD7058 and Clemson Spineless (69% and 56% decrease in shoot DB, in the respective cultivars). Plant inoculation with AMF greatly enhanced the shoot total content of P and the total DB in all treatments. The mycorrhizal dependency (MD) -the degree of total plant DB change associated with AM colonization- differed among the cultivars, irrespective of the irrigation treatment. Key determinants of MD were the root phenotype traits. Khartoumia (with the highest MD) had the lowest root DB, root-to-shoot ratio, and specific root length (SRL). Meanwhile, HSD6719 (with the lowest MD) had the highest respective root traits. Moreover, our data suggest a relationship between breeding background and MD. The improved cultivar Khartoumia showed the highest MD compared with the wild-type Sarah and the HSD7058 and HSD6719 landraces (higher MD by 46%, 17% and 32%, respectively). Interestingly, the drought-affected HSD7058 and Clemson Spineless exhibited higher MD (by 27% and 15%, respectively) under water-deficiency compared to ample water conditions. In conclusion, the mediation of drought stress in the okra plant species by AMF inoculation is cultivar dependent. The presence of AMF propagules in the field soil might be important for increasing yield production of high MD and drought susceptible cultivars, especially under drought/low P environments.

scholarly journals Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Inoculation under Drought Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Neila Abdi ◽  
Angeline van Biljon ◽  
Chrisna Steyn ◽  
Maryke Tine Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Abiotic Constraints

Abiotic constraints such as water deficit reduce cereal production. Plants have different strategies against these stresses to improve plant growth, physiological metabolism and crop production. For example, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)—bread wheat association has been shown to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of AM inoculation on plant characteristics, lipid peroxidation, solute accumulation, water deficit saturation, photosynthetic activity, total phenol secretion and enzymatic activities including peroxidise (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in two bread wheat cultivars (PAN3497 and SST806) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions in plants grown under greenhouse conditions, to determine whether AM can enhance drought tolerance in wheat. AM inoculation improved morphological and physiological parameters in plants under stress. The leaf number increased by 35% and 5%, tiller number by 25% and 23%, chlorophyll content by 7% and 10%, accumulation of soluble sugars by 33% and 14%, electrolyte leakage by 26% and 32%, PPO by 44% and 47% and PO by 30% and 37% respectively, in PAN3497 and SST806, respectively. However, drought stress decreased proline content by 20% and 24%, oxidative damage to lipids measured as malondialdehyde by 34% and 60%, and total phenol content by 55% and 40% respectively, in AM treated plants of PAN3497 and SST806. PAN3497 was generally more drought-sensitive than SST806. This study showed that AM can contribute to protect plants against drought stress by alleviating water deficit induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Alleviation of field water stress in wheat cultivars by using silicon and salicylic acid applied separately or in combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Maghsoudi ◽  
Yahya Emam ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Mohammad Javad Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects

The role of exogenous individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) (control, 6mm Si, 1mm SA, and 6mm Si+1mm SA) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Shiraz (drought-sensitive) and Sirvan (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA. Synergistic effects of Si+SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately. Water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and SA application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

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